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체육시간과 청소년의 외현화·내재화 문제와의 관계에서 성별의 조절효과: 다층성장모형의 적용
이택호,이석영,한윤선 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 Vol.21 No.2
This study examined the relationship between physical education and externalizing(aggression) and internalizing(depression, social withdrawal) problem behaviors among adolescents. The moderating role of gender and time in the association between physical education and problem behavior was also identified. This study used data from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=2,133, N=2,151, N=1,979) of the Korean Children-Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS). Main analyses involved multilevel growth model with interaction terms. The dependent variables were aggression, depression, and social withdrawal. The independent variables were gender and physical education (exercise hours) at school. The control variables were abuse, school-adjustment, annual household income and parents’ highest level of education. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, there was significant change according to the passage of time only in aggression among externalizing and internalizing problems. Second, gender differences exist in aggression and depression. Third, exercise hours of physical education had a negative relationship with internalizing problems. Fourth, there were no gender differences over time in both externalizing and internalizing problems. Fifth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and time was statistically significant for social withdrawal. Sixth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and gender was statistically significant for depression. The results of this study may become an academic basis for suggesting policy directions that promote increased exercise hours in physical education classes at school. 본 연구는 체육시간이 청소년의 외현화(공격성) 및 내재화(사회적 위축, 우울) 문제에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 그 영향이 시간의 흐름과 성별에 따라 다른지에 대해 분석하였다. 분석 자료로 한국청소년정책연구원(NYPI)에서 실시하는 한국아동․청소년 패널조사(KCYPS)의 중학교 1학년 패널의 2차년도(2011) 데이터(N = 2,133), 3차년도(2012) 데이터(N = 2,151), 4차년도(2013)데이터(N = 1,979)를 활용하였다. 종속변수를 공격성, 사회적 위축, 우울로 설정하고, 독립변수를 성별, 체육시간으로, 통제변수를 학대, 학교적응, 가구연간소득, 보호자 최종학력으로 설정한 뒤 다층성장모형을 적용하여 변인간의 관계를 종단적으로 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공격성 및 사회적 위축에서 시간의 흐름에 따라 유의한 변화가 있었다. 둘째, 공격성 및 우울에서 성별 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 체육시간은 우울 및 사회적 위축에만 부적인 영향을 주었다. 넷째, 외현화 및 내재화 문제 모두 시간에 대한 성별의 영향이 변하지 않았다. 다섯째, 시간에 대한 체육시간의 상호작용은 사회적 위축에서만 유의하게 나타났다. 여섯째, 우울에서 체육시간에 대한 성별의 상호작용이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 체육시간이 중요하다는 정책적 방향을 제시함으로써 학교 체육시간의 증가를 도모할 수 있는 연구적 기반이 될 것으로 기대해 본다.
이택호 陸軍士官學校 2001 한국군사학논집 Vol.57 No.-
The purpose of this study is to elucidate how to do with the fundamentals which reside in common among those virtues such as loyalty, piety, and etiquette. Some critics argue against confucius conception of loyalty, piety, and etiquette. They are told to have been misused by rulers for political control over people in the age of feudal system. According to the critics, they are not likely to be compatible with the modern concept of civilian ethos in liberal democratic society. For citizens are compelled to obey the virtues top-town way. However, this article shows that this interpretation is far from the truth. Modern concept of loyalty is that of loyalty inspired by the trust which resides in the moral integrity of the superior. The trust consists in mutual respect. Piety is the filial duty inspired by the moral integrity and respect for others among the family members. This concept of piety can be achieved by the parent's initiative role modeling. Etiquette or politeness is a realization of the moral integrity and mutual respect outside the family members. Therefore the fundamental principles of loyalty, piety, and etiquette are moral integrity and respect for others, which should to be learned to practice in the first period of one's life.