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고대 후기 교회지도력의 새로운 패러다임, 수도자-감독 지도력(Monk-Bishop Leadership)의 발전 -크리소스토모스를 중심으로
이은혜 한국교회사학회 2011 韓國敎會史學會誌 Vol.28 No.-
This study is caused by the argument of Wendy Meyer, who argues that to characterize Chrysostom as a “lover of the poor” is to misunderstand him against the argument of Peter Brown. She insists that it is more accurate to call him not “champion of the poor,” but “champion of the voluntary poverty.” But the author is not to focus on the contrast argument of above two scholars but to investigate their argument from view point of the monk-bishop leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to present how the leadership of monk-bishop leadership is forming and figuring out. In fact, “the lover of voluntary poverty” and “the lover of the poor” seems to have the deep gap, which could not overcome. Nevertheless, the new leadership, which evolves above two strange factors, is emerging in the name of monk-bishop leadership in late Antiquity. By focussing on life, work and time of John Chrysostom, this investigation will, portray the transitions of how “the lover of voluntary poverty” and “the lover of the poor” are connecting. John Chrysostom (d.407) lived the monastic life for the several years in the mountain. And he was the presbyter and bishop of Antioch and the Bishop of Constantinople. He is very strong position. in its examination of late-antique poverty. He had an enduring influence on his communities with abundant references to the poor and/or almsgiving to be found in his 823 homilies, 242 letters and fourteen treatises. Particulary, in studying of church and state in late Antiquity, this work has great depts on the study of Peter Brown.
연수막염의 진단에서 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상의 유용성
이은혜,이덕희,조광덕,송재석,박만수,조경식 대한영상의학회 2006 대한영상의학회지 Vol.55 No.1
Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of post-enhanced delayed FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) images in the diagnosis of leptomeningitis. Materials and Methods: We obtained the pre- and post-enhanced FLAIR images of 7 rabbits every hour after infusing triple doses of contrast, and we measured the signal intensities of the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and the brain parenchyma. Five leptomeningitis patients and 5 volunteers were enrolled to obtain the pre-enhanced FLAIR images, the early post-enhanced FLAIR images and the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images, with using a standard dose of contrast, and to measure the signal intensities of the CSF and brain parenchyma. The statistical significances were determined by a mixed procedure and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p<0.05). Results: In the rabbits, the signal intensities of the CSF began to increase after an hour of contrast infusion, but those of the parenchyma did not increase. The time of maximum CSF enhancement was 2 hours after contrast infusion (p<0.001; standard estimate=750.43) and we obtained the post-enhanced delayed FLAIR images for clinical studies according to this result. The signal intensities of the CSF in the subarachnoid space were higher in the patient group compared with those of the normal control group on both the early post-enhanced FLAIR images and the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images (p=0.0096) (p=0.0391). In the patient group, changes of signal intensities of the CSF in the subarachnoid space were more conspicuous on the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images than on the early post-enhanced FLAIR images (p=0.0042). However, those of the parenchyma were not different in either group. Conclusion: The post-enhanced delayed FLAIR images obtained at 2 hours after contrast infusion are more useful for making the the diagnosis of leptomeningitis than are the post-enhanced early FLAIR images. 목적: 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR(fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) 영상이 연수막염의 진단에 유용한지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 토끼 7마리에게 3배 용량의 조영제를 사용하여 조영제를 주입하기 전과 주입한 후 1시간마다 FLAIR 영상을 얻은 후 뇌척수액과 뇌실질의 신호강도를 측정하였다. 연수막염 환자와 정상 지원자 각각 5명을 대상으로 표준 용량의 조영제를 이용하여 조영증강 전, 조영증강 직후, 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상을 얻고 뇌척수액과 뇌실질의 신호강도를 측정하였다. 통계는 혼합모형과 윌콕슨 순위합 검정을 이용하였다(p < 0.05). 결과: 토끼에게 조영제를 주입하고 1시간 후부터 뇌척수액 신호강도가 증가하였으나 뇌실질은 조영증강 되지 않았다. 뇌척수액의 최대 조영증강 시간은 2시간 후로 나타났으며(p=0.0003; standard estimate=750.43), 이를 토대로 임상연구에서 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상을 얻었다. 조영증강 직후 FLAIR 영상과 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상에서 공히 정상 대조군에 비해 환자군에서 지주막하 공간의 뇌척수액 신호강도가 높았다(p=0.0096) (p=0.0391). 환자군에서 지주막하 공간의 뇌척수액 신호강도의 변화는 조영증강 직후 FLAIR 영상보다 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다(p=0.0042). 그러나 뇌실질은 조영제 주입이나 지연획득 여부에 상관없이 조영증강 되지 않았다. 결론: 조영제를 주입하고 2시간 후에 얻은 조영증강 후 지연획득 FLAIR 영상은 조영증강 직후 FLAIR 영상보다 연수막염의 진단에 유용하다.