이선화의 졸업작품 「The Letter」해설

이선화 동덕여자대학교 공연예술대학원 2015 국내석사

본 논문은 석사과정 이수를 위한 졸업 공연에서 발표한 네 곡의 작품을 분석한 것이다. 작품 분석은 대학원 과정에서 학습한 내용을 바탕으로 작품의 배경, 형식, 선율, 화성, 가사 구조를 분석하여 창작자의 음악적 의도를 확인하고 각 작품의 특성을 설명 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 졸업 작품의 큰 주제는 <The Letter>이고, 전체적인 곡의 분위기와 주제는 가요 스타일로 작곡하였다. 각 곡 들의 느낌을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있도록 장르에 따른 코드(Chord) 진행이나 악기편성에 비중을 두었다. 또한 곡마다 각기 다른 창작자의 가창방법을 적용하여 가사전달과 가창기교 등 본인의 노래 스타일을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 곡으로 작곡하였다.

국내산 밤나무 7품종의 해부학적 특성 및 재질

이선화 강원대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

Anatomical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of seven cultivars of chestnut wood(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) in Korea, Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung, Arima, Ginyose, Tsukuba, and Riheiguri, were investigated to obtain some valuable information for their possibilities to be used for effective utilization. Solitary pore and figured-porous or ring-porous wood types were observed in wide growth rings, and ring-porous in narrow growth rings. Procumbent type was prevalent in ray cells although upright and square types were scarcely existed. Uniseriate, biseriate, and multiseriate rays were observed in tangential section. Uniseriate ray was abundant near the pith, and biseriate and multiseriate rays were frequently existed near the bark. The occurrence rate of biseriate and multiseriate rays was significantly high in Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung and Tsukuba, but was somewhat low in Arima, Ginyose and Riheiguri. In all chestnut cultivars, radial and tangential diameter of vessel element increased with increasing tree age, but the number of vessel per ㎟ decreased. Ray spacing (per ㎜) in cross section from pith to bark showed no significant variation, while the number of ray per ㎟ increased but ray height decreased with the increase of tree age. Fiber and vessel length increased with increasing tree age Green moisture content and density of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. Tsukuba and Riheiguri had higher green moisture content, and Ibuki and Riheiguri had higher green density than the other chestnut cultivars. Shrinkage and swelling of sapwood were higher than those of heartwood. Especially, radial direction was higher than other directions. Water absorption of sapwood were slightly higher than those of heartwood. Especially, cross section was higher than other sections. Relative crysallinity and crtstallite width of latewood were higher than those of earlywood, and showed no significant variation with tree age. Strengths of compression, bending and shear of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. Strengths of Ibuki and Riheiguri were higher but Ginyose and Tsukuba were lower than other cultivars. MOEs of compression and bending of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. MOEs of compression of Ibuki and Riheiguri were higher but Ginyose and Tsukuba were lower than other cultivars, whereas MOEs of bending of Ginyose and Mansung were higher but Ibuki and Riheiguri were lower than other cultivars The results of this study showed difference of anatomical characteristics with tree age, separating index between juvenile and adult wood, also physical and mechanical characteristics as well as identifying chestnut cultivars. Conclusively, the results obtained in the present study might be gave some valuable information for effective utilization of chestnut woods.

상황학습이론에 의한 영어과 수업이 학습 태도에 미치는 영향

이선화 전북대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

The purpose of this study lies in discovering the effect of an English language class based on situated learning theory on learning attitudes. With this goal, the study established the following research questions. First, what kind of change does the English language class based on situated learning theory result in the learning attitude of sixth graders in an elementary school? Second, what kind of change does the English language class based on situated learning theory result in the learning attitude of sixth graders in elementary school according to scholastic achievement level? For this research, the study selected 80 sixth graders in S Elementary School located in Gunsan City, Jeollabuk-do. The selected students were a relatively homogeneous group, and, also, a nature class were composed in the early school year with similar levels of cultural and economic backgrounds. The participating children were made up of 20 male students and 20 female students, totalling 40 students. Meanwhile, the control group consisted of an equal number of students including 20 males and 20 females, totalling 40 students. The pre-learning attitude test for the English language was administered before the beginning of the first class of the research. Then a post-learning attitude test for the English language was performed after offering the English language class for 25 hours during an one week period. The pre-learning attitude test result of the English language found that the average of the control group was 2.28, the test group was 2.74 and thus, the average of the control group was about 0.08 higher. However, the analysis result of the difference in the learning attitude in the English language by groups discovered that there was no significant difference with a significance level of .05. Thus, the two groups may be homogeneous groups in light of learning attitude in the English language before beginning the research. As a result of the post-learning attitude test result in the English language, the average of the control group was 2.84 and the test groups was 3.10, respectively; thus, the average of the test group was 0.26 higher. The difference in the average scores was significant with the level of .001. In other words, the English language based on situated learning theory might have changed the learners' learning attitude in the English language in a positive direction. For the learning attitude test result in the English language of the test group according to the scholastic achievement level, the differences in the averages of pre-and post-test scores between a group with above-average English scores and a group with below-average English scores were .42 and .32, respectively; thus, the group with the above-average English scores were 0.1 higher. Also, as an analysis result of the difference in the learning attitude in the English language by groups, the difference in the average scores was significant with a significance level of .01. To put it differently, the English language class based on situated learning theory might have changed the learning attitude of students with a higher scholastic achievement level in the English language in a positive direction. That is, as a result of the English language class based on situated learning theory, the students' learning attitudes changed in a positive manner more than that of the class not utilizing the situated learning theory. This means that the class based on the situated learning theory was more effective for students with a higher achievement level. Based on the above results, the study is to propose the following in relation to research. First, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research into the meaning of situated learning, and to develop various class models concerning the English contents of each unit, subsequently. Second, in order to realize situated learning, research needs to be conducted into the utilization of data in each school as well as into the development of English teaching materials.

Identification of Genetic Locus Related to Antivirus Production in Pseudomonas fluorescence strain Gpf01 Against Cucumber mosaic virus

이선화 강원대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Gpf01, isolated from ginseng rhizosphere shows antiviral activity against Cucumber mosaic virus, when tested in a local host of CMV, Chenopodium amaranticolor. In previous work, transposon mutant library of Gpf01 was prepared using pGS9::Tn5. It was screened for antiviral activity against CMV. The mutant Gpf01-RS19 was found to have lost the antiviral producing activity. Inverse PCR was used to amplify flanking regions of Tn5 in Gpf01-RS19. We developed primers from the flanking region of Tn5 and screened cosmid library of Gpf01 prepared in pLAFR3 by PCR. We found a cosmid clone pAV1123, harboring 1.2 kb antiviral compound producing (avcP) locus. The cosmid clone pAV1123 containing avcP locus was complmented with a P. fluorescens B16 strain by conjugation. The resultant strain after conjugation showed antiviral activity against CMV-Y. This suggests that, the cosmid pAV1123 contains genes that are required for antiviral activity of P. fluorescens, Gpf01 against CMV-Y. The cosmid pAV1123 was sequenced completely, which contained 25.3 kb insert. The sequence obtained was compared with the sequence database search using BLAST. It was found to show 98% homology with a P. fluorescens strain Pf0-1 (GenBank accession no. CP000094). In order to further characterize the region responsible for the antiviral activity in pAV1123, it was further subcloned. When a clone pPH9, that carried 9.3 kb region of pAV1123, was introduced into antivirus deficient P. fluorescens strain B16, it exhibited antiviral activity. Using Tn3-gus mutagenesis and complementation analysis, it was found that the genes related to antiviral activity production resided in a 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII fragment of pAV1123, indicating that the plasmid carry essential genes related to antiviral activity. The sequence analysis of the four transconjugants revealed that the antiviral activity related region resides in a 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII fragment, suggesting that the 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII region was critical for antiviral activity. A possible transcriptional regulator gene of AsnC family is hypothesized to affect transcription of genes located downstream to it. The functional analysis of the genes involved in 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII region requires further study. 강원도 홍천의 인삼 근권에서 세균을 분리하고, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y)에 대한 항바이러스 효과를 확인하였다. 분리한 세균의 culture filtrate (CF)를 Chenopodium amaranticolor에 반엽법으로 처리한 결과 CMV-Y의 억제 효과가 있는 Gpf01을 선발 하였다. P. fluorescens Gpf01의 항바이러스 관련 유전자를 탐색하기 위해 pGS9::Tn5를 이용하여 transposon을 제작하였으며, Tn5 mutant 중 CMV-Y에 대해 항바이러스 효과가 억제되는 Gpf01-RS19를 선발하였다. Inverse PCR을 통해 Gpf01-RS19의 Tn5 삽입영역을 분석한 결과 1.5 kb, 0.4 kb의 절편을 증폭하였다. 증폭된 염기서열을 분석하여 primer를 제작하여 P. fluorescens Gpf01 genomic library의 cosmid clone 을 탐색한 결과 1.2 kb의 항바이러스 관련 유전자인 avcP locus를 포함하고 있는 cosmid clone pAV1123을 선발하였다. 항바이러스 관련 cosmid clone인 pAV1123을 항바이러스 효과를 가지지 않는 mutant Gpf01-RS19와 P. fluorescens B16과 complementation하여 항바이러스 효과가 복구되는 것을 확인하였다. Cosmid pAV1123의 항바이러스 관련 영역을 구명하기 위해 전체 염기서열을 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 절편을 subcloning 하여 pPH9를 선발하였으며, 이를 항바이러스 효과를 가지지 않는 P. fluorescens B16과 complementation한 결과 항바이러스 효과가 복구 되었다. 또한 cosmid pAV1123의 항바이러스 관련 유전자 탐색을 위해 Tn3-gus mutagenesis를 실시하여 8개의 Tn3-gus mutant를 선발하였다. 이 중 P5-P8의 4개의 mutant가 Tn3-gus의 삽입으로 인해 항바이러스 효과가 억제되었다. 염기서열을 분석해 보았을 때 4개의 mutant는 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 절편 안에 포함되어 있었다. Blast search를 통해 possible transcriptional regulator AsnC family와 관련된 유전자에 Tn3-gus가 삽입된 것을 확인하였으며, 그 아래쪽의 유전자들도 이에 영향을 받아 항바이러스 능력이 억제된 것으로 추측되었다. 이를 통해 cosmid pAV1123의 9.3 kb HindIII 영역은 P. fluorescens Gpf01이 항바이러스 효과에 중요한 유전적 영역임으로 판단된다.

효소처리시 변성실리콘 첨가에 따른 레이온/면 혼방직물의 물성변화 /▼ d이선화

이선화 숙명여자대학교 1998 국내석사

都市 外部空間의 視覺的 變化에 대한 認知 및 選好度 分析에 관한 硏究

이선화 성균관대학교 1999 국내박사

환경오염 물질 제거를 위한 친환경 촉매 개발 및 응용

이선화 서울산업대학원 산업대학원 2010 국내석사

유기 반응들 중에는 자연적인 현상으로써 쉽게 이루어지는 반응이 있는가 하면, 물리적 혹은 화학적 힘을 가해 추가적인 에너지를 공급하는 조건 하에서만 반응이 이루어지는 경우가 있다. 후자의 경우 다양한 반응 촉매를 사용하여 반응의 효율을 높이는 방법을 주로 사용하고 있는데, 이렇듯 어려운 반응을 쉽게 이루어지게 하는 촉매의 개발과 적용이 실험실 내 연구 분야뿐만 아니라 화학 산업 분야에서도 가장 중요한 과제 중 하나로 꼽히고 있다. 촉매 반응계에는 크게 균일 촉매계와 불균일 촉매계로 나누어진다. 균일 촉매는 금속을 함유하고 있는 촉매 물질이 반응 용매에 용해되어 쉽게 균일화 되는 촉매를 가리키는 것이다. 반면 불균일 촉매는 금속을 함유하고 있는 촉매 물질이 반응 용매에 용해되지 않아 불균일 상으로 존재하는 촉매를 가리킨다. 균일 촉매는 대부분 반응성과 선택성이 불균일 촉매에 비해 탁월한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 고부가가치의 유기 화합물을 합성하는데 매우 우수한 촉매 역할을 한다. 불균일 촉매는 균일 촉매에 비해 촉매 능력은 조금 떨어지지만, 간단한 여과와 세척 작업을 통해 촉매를 회수하여 재사용 하는 과정이 가능하다. 즉 친환경적이며 경제적이라고 할 수 있기 때문에 주로 산업적인 화학물질의 대량 제조에 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 위의 두 가지 촉매의 장단점을 이용하여 실험을 진행하고, 그에 따른 결과를 통해 촉매에 의한 효과를 분석하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. Part Ⅰ: In chemical industry, heterogeneous catalysts appear very attractive because of their recyclability. They are absolutely useful catalysts because they could be easily separated from the reaction products. On the other hand, homogeneous catalysts usually have outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity. Therefore these catalysts definitely useful in the field of fine chemistry. We examined the catalytic activity of many polymers that have various structures. They were obtained by self-assembly in various solvent conditions and contained different metal ions and organic ligands. We have examined the catalytic activity of many polymers for transesterification of ester. PartⅡ: The epoxidation of olefins into the corresponding epoxide plays an important role in organic synthesis. We have developed highly efficient catalytic epoxidation of olefins with MCPBA and PhIO catalyzed by Mn clusters, [{Mn(Saloph)H2O}4Re4Te4(CN)12] and [{Mn(Saloph)H2O}4Re4Se4(CN)12]. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an Mn(V)-oxo species which is formed upon heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of an Mn-acylperoxo intermediate (Mn-OOC(O)R). Evidence for this Mn(V)-oxo species was derived from H218O-exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the oxidant. Part Ⅲ: We have examined the epoxidation of cyclohexene into the corresponding epoxide with peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) catalyzed by Mn bpb complexes. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an Mn(V)-oxo species which is formed upon heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of an Mn-acylperoxo intermediate (Mn-OOC(O)R). Evidence for this Mn(V)-oxo species was derived from the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the oxidant. And we have examined the epoxidation of olefins and the oxidation of primary alcohols into corresponding compounds with PhIO catalyzed by Co bpb complexes.

대기업 신규인력의 공식적 멘토링 경험에 관한 사례연구

이선화 이화여자대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

국내외 조직들은 급변하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대응하고, 우수한 인적자원의 확보와 육성을 통한 경쟁력 강화를 위해 다각도로 노력하고 있다. 이에 많은 기업에서는 핵심인재들이 새로운 환경에 적응하는데 효과적인 인적자원도구인 멘토링을 실시하고 있다. 학계에서도 그 중요성으로 인해 멘토링과 관련한 다수의 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 질적인 방법을 사용한 연구는 미비하며, 대기업 신규인력의 멘토링 경험에 관한 질적 사례연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이에 이 연구에서는 질적 사례연구방법을 통해 대기업 신규인력인 멘티가 공식적 멘토링 프로그램에 참여하여 어떤 경험을 하였으며, 그 경험을 통해 인식한 양상들은 어떤 의미가 있는지 구체적으로 탐구 및 파악하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 다음과 같이 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 대기업의 신규인력은 조직 내 공식적 멘토링을 통해 어떠한 것을 경험하였는가? 둘째, 멘토링을 통해 경험한 양상들은 그들에게 어떠한 의미가 있는가? 이와 같은 연구 문제의 해결을 위해 목적표집법을 사용하여 국내 대기업에 근무하는 신규인력 9명을 연구참여자로 선정하였으며, 연구참여자 선정 시 주제와 연관된 다양한 사례 수집을 위해 입사 시기, 멘토링 기간, 소속 부서 및 직무와 성별이 상이한 대상자를 표본으로 확보하였다. 반구조화된 면담지를 사용하여 일대일 심층면담을 진행하였고, 녹취된 인터뷰 내용을 전사한 후, 분석 과정을 거쳐 연구 문제와 관련된 개념들을 도출하였다. 이를 7개의 큰 주제묶음으로 분류하였으며, 분류한 내용은 멘토링을 통해 꼭 경험하고 싶은 것, 나의 멘토, 학습과 성장, 다양한 인적 네트워크, 상담 및 조언, 역할모델, 그리고 멘토링에 대한 제언이다. 도출된 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구참여자들은 멘토링을 통해 업무의 조기습득과 회사 적응 방법에 대해 가장 도움을 받고 싶어하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또 회사 조직 전반에 대한 정보의 파악과 다양하면서도 폭 넓은 대인관계를 하기 원했다. 둘째, 공식적 멘토 선정 방식에 대해 모두 만족하고 있었고, 멘토링을 통해 회사적응력을 높이는데 큰 도움이 되었으며 자신의 삶 전반에 걸쳐 많은 도움을 받았다고 표현했다. 가까운 멘토라도 해야 할 이야기와 하지 말아야 할 이야기의 경계는 분명히 구분해야 한다고 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 학습과 성장에 있어서 멘토와 함께 경력과 역량 개발에 대한 목표를 세우고 이를 달성하기 위해 지속적으로 노력하고 있으며, 업무 효율성과 능력을 향상시키는데 많은 도움이 된 것으로 밝혀졌다. 넷째, 연구참여자들은 멘토를 통해서 여러 구성원들과 좋은 유대관계를 맺고 교류를 하고 있었으며, 아울러 조직생활에 필요한 유용하고 다양한 커뮤니케이션 스킬을 배운 것으로 조사되었다. 다섯째, 업무에 대한 것뿐 아니라 개인적인 삶 전반에 있어서도 멘토와 상담을 하고 조언을 받음으로써 정서적, 심리적 편안함과 위로를 느끼고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 여섯째, 참여자들은 멘토의 리더십, 정확한 업무처리, 업무에 대한 인내심과 근성, 위기관리, 문제 해결능력, 신뢰감, 커뮤니케이션, 따뜻하고 온화한 성격, 훌륭한 인성 등을 닮고 싶은 것으로 나타났으며, 반면 단점이나 좋지 않은 모습은 닮지 않겠다고 표현하였다. 마지막으로 멘토링의 개선을 위한 제언으로는 공식, 비공식 매칭의 혼용, 우수 멘토링 사례공유, 타본부와의 교류 등의 의견들이 있었고, 여성 연구 참여자들은 일과 삶의 균형을 통한 여성으로서의 경력관리를 위해 여성 멘토와의 멘토링을 경험하기 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 기존에 수행되지 않았던 대기업 신규인력의 공식적 멘토링 경험에 대한 질적 사례연구로서, 멘토링 연구 방법의 새로운 시도라는 시사점을 가지고 있으며, 후속 연구의 실증적이고 이론적 토대를 마련하였다는 것에 그 의의가 있다. 아울러 신규인력의 멘토링 연구에 대한 기초 연구자료로 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 조직에서는 신규인력의 적응과 이탈 방지, 효율적인 인적자원 개발 관리를 위한 멘토링 운영과 활용 및 개선 방안에 대해서 유용한 근거를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에 대한 제언으로는 먼저 멘티를 대상으로 한 연구이므로, 후속 연구에서는 멘토를 대상으로 한 연구도 이루어져 할 것이며, 또 국내 대기업의 멘토링 경험에 한정된 조사이므로, 상대적으로 중소기업 및 공기업 외국계기업 등에서의 멘토링 경험에 대한 추가적 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 끝으로 이 연구는 공식적 멘토링 제도를 조사한 연구이므로, 더욱 다양하고 풍부한 연구 결과를 얻기 위해서는 추후 비공식적 멘토링에 대한 질적 연구도 이루어질 필요가 있음을 제언하는 바이다. Many domestic and overseas corporate organizations are using a mentoring program as an effective human resource development tool in helping the core talent adapts to the new environment. In the academic field, many studies have been performed on mentoring programs due to their significance, but there have been not many studies using qualitative research methods. Especially, there has been no qualitative research study on mentoring experiences of new workforce in major company. The purpose of this study is to identify which kinds of experiences new workforce in major company had during their participation in the formal mentoring program and what kind of meaning the aspects perceived through their experiences had for them, through a qualitative research method. To achieve this study goals, research questions are as follow: First, what did the new workforce in major company experiences through a formal mentoring program? Second, what do the experienced aspects through mentoring mean for them? In order to examine such research topics above, the purposive sampling was used to selected 9 new workforce in major company as the research participants. And semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct one-on-one in-depth interview, which were recorded and of which the content was transcribed and analyzed. And those concepts relating to the research topics were extracted and classified into 7 theme groups. The contents of the theme group are includes 'what I want to really experience through mentoring', 'my mentor', 'learning and growth', 'diverse human network', 'counseling and advice', 'role model', and 'proposal for mentoring'. Research findings are as follows: First, what kind of help the research participants wanted to get the most through mentoring is early acquisition of job and early organizational adjustment, as well as diverse information and human relationship. Second, all research participants are satisfied about official mentor matching and they said that they got the greatest help in terms of task efficiency and organizational adjustment. Also, the research participants thought they had to distinguish what they could talk to mentor from what they should not, because mentor were their seniors and bosses even if they felt close to mentor. Third, the research participants said that they got much help in an aspect of learning and growth, because they set up career and competence development goals with mentor and learnt they had to make constantly efforts to achieve the goals, and also especially, they could improve job efficiency and ability through the acquisition of excellent skills necessary to their tasks. Fourth, although the research participants met with different types of people at a different number of times through mentoring, it was found that they could form meaningful relationships with diverse members and could learn diverse communication skills through mentor. Fifth, they got help through mentor not only for their jobs but also their whole life, and performed theirs tasks in a stable through counseling with mentor and their advices. Sixth, as children would naturally learn from their parents at home, the research participants said that they wanted to learn from mentor and to resemble them. On the other hand, they said they didn’t want to learn the shortcomings and downsides and mentor. Seventh, effective suggestions for mentoring activities included the combined operation of official and non-official matching, sharing of the best mentoring cases, and the exchange with other department. The women participants want to mentoring with women mentor, because talk to more and specifically women' career management for work- life balance. This research is several implications. This study of method was an unprecedented new attempt to conduct a qualitative case study on the new workforce in major company about their official mentoring experiences. This study has laid an empirical and theoretical foundation for follow-up studies. In addition, academically, this study’s findings can be utilized as basic data for studies on mentoring of new recruits, and can provide useful grounds for at the organizational level and utilization of mentoring programs for the development of human resources. The study would like to make the following suggestions: First, this study was conducted only on mentees, and therefore, follow-up studies need to be performed on mentor about their mentoring experiences. Second, the study was carried out only on the new workforce in major company, and therefore, follow-up studies need be performed on the new workforce of small and medium-sized enterprise. Finally, this study was conducted on an official mentoring system, and therefore, follow-up studies need be performed on the non-official mentoring system.

네일숍의 관계지속성과 관련변인들 간의 관계 구조분석

이선화 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

As the saturated market of the beauty service industry has triggered keen competition, marketing strategies have been more important, and the benefits sought by customers no longer remain unchanged but vary depending on the situation where they use a product or service. In addition, the identification of customers’ continuously changing behaviors will play a vital role in securing relational continuity. Therefore, this study selected nail salons’ service quality, trust in nail salons, and customer satisfaction as causal variables targeting customers using nail salons. Based on previous studies, this study performed empirical studies about the relationship between the causal variables and relational continuity using structural equation modeling. By setting nail salons’ service quality, trust in nail salons, and customer satisfaction as causal variables, this study aims to examine the structural relationship between these variables affecting relational continuity. The number of 447 customers using nail salons located in the Daegu area were surveyed from April 17 to April 23, 2023. Based on the results obtained through analysis using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, conclusions were reached as follows: First, both trust in nail salons and customer satisfaction were found to directly affect nail salons’ relational continuity, whereas nail salons’ service quality was found to have no direct effect on relational continuity. This indicates that the higher trust and satisfaction would lead to the higher relational continuity. Among trust and satisfaction, the two variables directly affecting relational continuity, satisfaction was found to have a relatively greater effect on relational continuity. This suggests that in order to increase nail salons’ relational continuity, it is more effective to enhance customer satisfaction in relation with positive outcomes and expectations of services and procedures than to have trust through strong faith and confidence in the salon. Second, both nail salons’ service quality and trust in nail salons were found to directly affect customer satisfaction. This indicates that higher service quality and trust would lead to higher customer satisfaction. Among the two variables, trust was found to have a relatively greater effect on customer satisfaction, suggesting that it may be more positive for increasing customer satisfaction to build up trust through stability, confidence, and truthfulness while experiencing the salon, in addition to providing customers with customer-centered amenities in a clean environment. Third, nail salons’ service quality was found to directly affect trust in nail salons. This indicates that higher service quality would lead to higher trust, suggesting that the higher performance in terms of interactions between nail salon workers and customers, as well as the overall services will contribute to stronger faith and confidence in the salon, which will play a more important role in building relationship with customers. Fourth, nail salons’ service quality was found to have an indirect effect on relational continuity through trust. This indicates that trust mediate the relationship between service quality and relational continuity. Fifth, nail salons’ service quality was found to have an indirect effect on relational continuity through customer satisfaction. This indicates that customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and relational continuity. The indirect effect of service quality on relational continuity through customer satisfaction was found to be greater than that of the service quality on relational continuity through trust. Therefore, it is interpreted that the impact of nail salons’ service quality on relational continuity becomes higher with higher customer satisfaction than with higher trust. Sixth, nail salons’ service quality was found to have an indirect effect on customer satisfaction through of trust in nail salons. This indicates that trust in nail salons mediates the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. Finally, trust in nail salons was found to have an indirect effect on relational continuity through customer satisfaction. This indicates that customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between trust in nail salons and relational continuity.

공공 상황에서의 한국어 호칭 연구

이선화 연세대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

이 논문은 공공 상황에서 한국어 모어 화자가 사용하는 호칭에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구는 공공 상황에서 한국어 모어 화자가 사용하는 호칭의 양상을 분석함으로써 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에서의 적용점을 제시는 것을 목적으로 한다. 대부분의 언어는 그 언어 사회 구조와 문화가 녹아 있는 독특한 호칭 체계를 가지고 있다. 언어 학습에서 그 언어 사회의 문화를 잘 받아들이는 것은 중요하기 때문에 한국어 학습에서 학습자들로 하여금 한국어의 호칭 체계를 잘 이해하고 사용하도록 가르치는 일은 소홀히 할 수 없는 부분이다. 특히 한국어 학습자들에게 가장 필요한 부분은 공공 상황에서의 호칭 사용에 대한 것이다. 그동안의 호칭 연구에 있어서 공공 상황에서의 호칭에 대한 관심이 부족했으며 이로 인해 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에서 활용할 만한 호칭에 대한 자료가 제시되지 못했다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 학습에서 가장 기초가 되는 공공 상황인 길 묻기, 물건 사기, 음식 주문하기의 세 가지 상황을 제시하되 물건 사기와 음식 주문하기 상황을 각각 격식 상황과 비격식 상황으로 구분하여 호칭 사용 양상을 조사, 분석하였다. 1장에서는 연구의 필요성과 목적, 그리고 연구 방법을 소개하였다. 한국어 학습자에게 필요한 공공 상황에서의 호칭에 대한 연구가 부족함을 지적하고 이에 관한 연구의 필요성을 제기하였다. 또한 본 연구의 목적은 공공 상황에서 한국어 모어 화자가 사용하는 호칭의 양상을 분석하여 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에 적용하는 것이다. 이를 위해 20대에서 40대까지의 남녀 표준어 모어 화자 220명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 호칭 사용 실태를 조사하였다. 2장에서는 연구에 필요한 이론적 배경을 소개하였다. 먼저 선행 연구에서의 호칭의 정의, 유형, 선택 요인 등을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 호칭을 ‘대화 상대방을 부르는 말’로 정의하였다. 또한 공공 상황에서의 한국어 호칭 유형을 직접 호칭과 간접 호칭으로 크게 분류하였다. 직접 호칭으로 친족어형, 직함형, 명사형을 들었고, 간접 호칭으로 처소지칭형, 주의끌기형, 생략형을 들었다. 그리고 공공 상황에서의 한국어 호칭 선택 요인은 대화 상황 요인과 대화 참여자 요인으로 구분하였다. 대화 상황 요인으로는 장소와 격식성을 들었고, 대화 참여자 요인으로는 성, 연령, 직업, 유대감, 감정 상태를 들었다. 3장에서는 상황의 격식성과 청자의 성, 연령에 따른 공공 상황에서의 호칭 사용 양상을 논의하였다. 그 결과 격식 상황에서는 간접 호칭의 사용 빈도가 높았고 비격식 상황에서는 직접 호칭의 사용 빈도가 높았다. 또한 20대 남녀 청자와 30대 여자 청자인 경우에도 간접 호칭을 많이 사용하였으며, 20대 화자가 40대 화자보다 간접 호칭을 더 많이 사용하였다. 4장에서는 호칭의 유형에 따라 각각의 개별 호칭이 공공 상황에서 어떻게 쓰이는지에 대하여 고찰하였다. 친족어형 호칭인 ‘아저씨’와 ‘아줌마(아주머니)’는 비격식적 공공 상황에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있지만 젊은 화자들에 의한 사용이 줄어들고 있고, ‘언니’ 호칭의 사용은 증가하고 있다. 또한 공공 상황에서 직접 호칭보다 간접 호칭의 사용이 화자의 연령이 낮을수록 사용 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 5장에서는 공공 상황에서의 한국어 모어 화자의 호칭 사용의 특징을 정리하고, 이를 바탕으로 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에서의 적용점을 제시하였다. 먼저 한국어 수업에서 공공 상황에서의 한국어 호칭을 제시할 때 활용할 수 있는 개별 호칭에 대한 사용 조건을 표로 제시하였다. 또한 한국어 교재에서 공공 상황을 주제로 한 대화문에서 호칭이 주로 생략되어 있음을 지적하고 이에 활용할 수 있는 호칭을 제시하였다. 6장에서는 이 연구의 전체 내용을 요약, 정리하고 이 연구가 갖는 의의와 제한점, 그리고 제언을 덧붙였다. This paper presents a study on the Korean terms of address in public situation. The Purpose of this study is to provide useful data for teaching Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) by analyzing Korean terms of address which are used by native Korean speakers in public situation. Most of the languages have their unique address systems that have their social structure and culture. Since it is very important to accept the target language's social and cultural system, teaching the system of Korean address forms is important in teaching KFL. KFL students need to learn how to use properly Korean terms of address, especially in public situation. In this study, I examine and analyze the use of address forms in three public situations such as asking direction, shopping, and ordering foods. I describe two characteristics on usage of Korean address forms in public situation. First, while the use of indirect address forms is increased, the use of direct address form is decreased. Second, the use of '□nni' that means 'sister' in Korean is generalized by female and even male speakers in public situation. The first chapter presents the necessity, purpose and experimental method of this study. Despite the importance of address forms in public situation for KFL lerarners, little research has been done in this area. Applying the results for teaching KFL by analyzing Korean address forms which are used in public situation is the purpose of this paper. For this, the survey is made up for 220 male and female standard Korean native speakers who are in age from 20s to 40s with the questionnaire. The second chapter reviews some previous researches, and presents the definition, types, and variables of Korean address forms in public situation. The definition of the address form in this study is ‘the term used in vocative cases to call the attention of the addressee’. Under this definition, Korean terms of address in public situation include six types of address forms - kinship terms, titles, forms of noun, forms of place, forms of attention, and forms of omission. They are classified into two large groups such as direct address forms and indirect address forms. The first three of them are direct address forms, and the last three are indirect address forms. Each address form is chosen according to sociolinguistic variables of situation and participant. The situation variables include place, formality, and the participant variables include sex, age, occupation, familiarity, and emotional condition. The third chapter contains Korean address forms in each situation according to addressee's sex and age. On the formal situation, indirect address forms are generally used, but on the informal situation, direct address forms are used with high frequency. Besides the male speakers in age 20s and female speakers in age 20s and 30s are addressed with indirect address forms in general. The forth chapter presents the use of each address form by analyzing and comparing their degrees of frequency. And some explanations on each usage of address forms are added. In the fifth chapter, the characteristics of Korean address forms in public situation is discussed, and two applying points for teaching KFL are presented. The usage of Korean terms of address in public situation based on the results are produced, and some address forms are presented for applying KFL text books. In the last chapter, the contents of this study are summarized and the conclusions of this study are made. In addition, some suggestions are offered to overcome the limitation in this study.