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김철환,이경호 ( Chul Hwan Kim,Kyung Ho Lee ) 한국경제학회 1997 經濟學硏究 Vol.45 No.3
1970-1995년 사이의 연간 자료를 사용하여 한국의 재정적자와 대미달러 환율 사이의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한 결과 두 변수 사이에 공적분관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 오차수정모형을 사용하여 두 변수 사이의 인과관계를 추정한 결과 재정적자가 환율에 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라, 환율변동이 재정적자에 영향을 미치는 일방적인 인과방향이 장기적으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이제까지 우리 나라의 이자율과 환율이 각각 자본시장과 외환시장에서 결정되지 못하고, 정책적으로 결정되어 왔던 점을 감안하면 재정적자가 이자율을 변화시켜 환율에 영향을 주는 것은 기대하기 어렵다. 재정적자가 환율에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타난 우리의 추정결과는 이러한 현실을 비교적 잘 반영하고 있다. 환율로부터 재정적자로의 장기적인 인과관계의 존재에 대해서는 명확한 설명이 쉽지 않다. 이러한 관계에 대한 하나의 가능한 설명은 두 변수가 수출, 소득 등의 다른 변수를 매개로 하여 장기적으로 함께 움직이는 경향이 존재 할 수 있다는 점이다.
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김경환,전병민,이경호,김원율,윤영철,김홍용 대한응급학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
One hundred patients with hyperventilation syndrome presenting to emergency department(ED) were studied. Those were diagnosed on clinical basis by emergency medical physician. The male to female ratio was 15:85. In monthly distribution, the numbers of patients were increased during the two months, June and July. The 41% of patients visited the emergency center from 9:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m.. The most common predisposing factors were the domestic problems, especially those between husband and wife(37%). Presenting complaints were dyspnea(34), paresthesia(30), muscle spasm(24), dizziness(6) and palpitation(6 patients). The initial examination of the patients in the ED were as follows, systolic blood pressure(134±7.15mmHg), heart rate(87.67±14.34/minute), respiratory rate(22.21±3.34/minute) and body temperature(36.61±0.31℃, n=98). Arterial blood gas analysis showed alkalemia(pH 7.51±0.09) and hypocapnia(PCO2 26.67±8.30mmHg). After emergency cares, including carbone dioxide re-breathing and antianxietics, most of the symptoms were disappeared. The mean duration of stay in ED was 3.27±0.23 hours. The most important considerations in diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome was the patients's history and the effective management was carbon dioxide rebreathing for a few minutes and antianxietics.
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의식이 명료한 두부외상환자에서 뇌전산화단층촬영의 결정요인들 중 임상증상의 의의
김경환,윤영철,이경호,김원율,김홍용 대한응급의학회 1997 대한응급의학회지 Vol.8 No.4
Study objectives: To identify the value of symptoms in head trauma patients with mental status requiring a head CT scan. Method: A retrospective study was performed at an emergency center over & months period. Patients(age ? 7) were enrolled if they presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and underwent head CT after head trauma. The symptoms and signs were recorded in the entry forms prior to head CT. The symptoms found in the patients with normal CT were compared with those in abnormal CT showing intracranial injuries. Results: Among the 168 patients, traumatic intracranial abnormality was identified in 34(20.2%) by CT. Skull fracture was identified in 8(4.8%) in normal CT, 17(10.1%) in abnormal CT group by simple X-ray and CT. In the normal CT group without skull fracture, 65(52.0%) had headache, 61(48.8%) had loss of consciousness(LOC), 43(34.4%) had vomiting, 24(19.2%) had nausea, 7(5.6%) had dizziness. In the abnormal CT group without skull fracture, 14(77.8%) had headache, 9(50.0%) had LOC, 9(50.0%) had vomiting, 2(11.1%) had nausea, 2(11.1%) had dizziness. The patients with headache were significantly more common in the abnormal CT group. Conclusion : A head required in alert head trauma patients with any symptoms and signs of intracranial injuries, especially with headache.
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응급센터로 내원한 발작성심실상성빈맥 환자에 대한 아데노신의 투여효과
김홍용,김경환,윤영철,이경호,김원율,김병옥 대한응급의학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
Background: Adenosine has gained wide popularity in the emergency medical service system(EMS) since its approval for use in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT). But, few study about its efficacy and safety have been reported in this country. Therefore we had studied the efficacy of adenosine in the patients with PSVT in the emergency department(ED). Method: A prospective outcome study was performed from July, 1996 to June, 1997 at the Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University. PSVT was diagnosised based on emergency physician's interpretation of the 12 channel ECG. Patient's age, sex, symptoms, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, elapse time to sinus rhythm and side effects were recorded. Results: Twenty seven cases received adenosine for diagnosed PSVT in the ED for 1 year. The cases were 6 man and 21 women. The mean age was 53.4 year old. Three cases were considered unstable PSVT. In twenty six cases(96.3%) were converted to normal sinus rhythm after adenosine therapy. None of the patients who converted to sinus rhythm had recurrent PSVT or required additional mediation. Various adverse effects of adenosine were noted in all patients but were transient and clinically insignificant. Conclusion: Intravenous adenosine is an effective, safe and urgent treatment in terminating PSVT and no significant side effects were happened in emergency department.
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전내장역위증에서의 충수염 천공 : a case report 치험1예
안성훈,이경호,김경환,윤영철,김원율,김홍용 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.3
Appendicitis is one of the most common disease in emergency department(ED), but produces perplexing diagnostic problems. A complete understanding of the anatomy, pathophysiology, and presenting signs and symptoms of appendicitis, combined with thorough history and physical examination, will be the most important factors in allowing emergency physician to make the correct diagnosis of appendicitis. Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in every 10,000 to 50,000 people. It's etiology is obscure but apparently dose not influence normal health or life expectancy. We present a case of perforated appendicitis with situs inversus totalis in a 24-year-old woman whose chief complaint was pain on the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Chest and abdominal X-ray showed situs inversus totalis, but these typical findings of situs inversus totalis were missed before performing abdominal ultrasonography in ED. We must carefully consider whether congenital anomaly is or not by physical examination and X-ray finding. For patients whose diagnosis is less clear, additional diagnostic tool, for instance ultrasonography is recommended in ED.
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윤영철,안성훈,이경호,전형대,김원율,조영식,성백문,김홍용,김경환,구본관 대한응급의학회 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.2
Regulation for new standardized rescue record form of the 119 EMS system was established by law from February 1, 1988. We have recently evaluated the effectiveness of the record form. Records of 192 patients who visited the Emergency department of Sangggye Paik Hospital, Inje University by the 119 EMS system from February 1 to February 28, 1998 were analyzed statistically according to the contents of the record form. In conclusion, the new standardized rescue record form of the 119 EMS system was effective in giving information of patients' history and analysing of the 119 EMS system. But, Detailed modification of the record form about disease entities is needed for proper initial evaluation of emergent patient.
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