인삼 GAP 인증기준의 현장실천평가결과 분석에 따른 인증기준 개선방안

윤덕훈,남기웅,오소영,김가빈 한국식품위생안전성학회 2019 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Ginseng has a unique production system that is different from those used for other crops. It is sub-ject to the Ginseng Industry Act., requires a long-term cultivation period of 4-6 years, involves complicated cultiva- tion characteristics whereby ginseng is not produced in a single location, and many ginseng farmers engage in mixed- farming. Therefore, to bring the production of Ginseng in line with GAP standards, it is necessary to better understand the on-site practices of Ginseng farmers according to established control points, and to provide a proper action plan for improving efficiency. Among ginseng farmers in Korea who applied for GAP certification, 77.6% obtained it, which is lower than the 94.1% of farmers who obtained certification for other products. 13.7% of the applicants were judged to be unsuitable during document review due to their use of unregistered pesticides and soil heavy metals. Another 8.7% of applicants failed to obtain certification due to inadequate management results. This is a considerably higher rate of failure than the 5.3% incompatibility of document inspection and 0.6% incompatibility of on-site inspection, which suggests that it is relatively more difficult to obtain GAP certification for ginseng farming than for other crops. Ginseng farmers were given an average of 2.65 points out of 10 essential control points and a total 72 control points, which was slightly lower than the 2.81 points obtained for other crops. In particular, ginseng farmers were given an average of 1.96 points in the evaluation of compliance with the safe use standards for pesticides, which was much lower than the average of 2.95 points for other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to train ginseng farmers to comply with the safe use of pesticides. In the other essential control points, the ginseng farmers were rated at an aver- age of 2.33 points, lower than the 2.58 points given for other crops. Several other areas of compliance in which the ginseng farmers also rated low in comparison to other crops were found. These inclued record keeping over 1 year, record of pesticide use, pesticide storages, posts harvest storage management, hand washing before and after work, hygiene related to work clothing, training of workers safety and hygiene, and written plan of hazard management. Also, among the total 72 control points, there are 12 control points (10 required, 2 recommended) that do not apply to ginseng. Therefore, it is considered inappropriate to conduct an effective evaluation of the ginseng production process based on the existing certification standards. In conclusion, differentiated certification standards are needed to expand GAP certification for ginseng farmers, and it is also necessary to develop programs that can be implemented in a more systematic and field-oriented manner to provide the farmers with proper GAP management education.

콩 유기재배시 춘파호밀 간작의 효과

윤덕훈,남기웅,Yoon, Deok-Hoon,Nam, Ki-Woong 한국유기농업학회 2009 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the sowing time and sowing methods of the Rye(Secale cereale L.) for an organic soybean farming system. It can be seen that there was no significantly differences on soil chemical properties in the rhizosphere due to the Rye's sowing season. A soil chemical properties due to the Rye's sowing date in spring, O.M.(g $kg^{-1}$) contents was increased at a late Rye's sowing dat, while on the other pH, Avail. $P_2O_5$(mg $kg^{-1}$) and CEC(cmol+ $kg^{-1}$) were decreased. A highest yields of soybean was achieved at the plot which the Rye was sowed on 20th March with two-line, 5 row and 70cm row-space. 호밀을 간작으로 하는 콩 유기재배시 호밀의 파종시기 및 파종방법을 구명하고자 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 호밀의 파종 계절별 콩 수확 후 근권토양 내 토양 화학성의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 호밀의 춘파시기에 따른 콩 수확 후 토양의 이화학성 변화를 보면 호밀의 파종시기가 늦춰질수록 유기물 함량은 높아졌으나, pH, 유효인산 및 치환성양이온의 값은 낮아졌다. 호밀을 간작으로 하는 콩 유기재배시 호밀의 파종을 3월 20일에 실시하고, 호밀을 2줄 5열로 파종을 하되 콩을 조간 70cm로 점파하였을 때 가장 높은 콩 수량을 보였다.

식품안전현대화법의 농산물안전규칙과 농산물품질관리법의 농산물우수관리기준 비교평가

윤덕훈 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The US government has enacted the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in 2011, which is being phased in and planned. The final Rules of Produce Safety focus on biological hazards related to agricultural production, harvesting, packaging and storage, which are being phased in since 2017 depending on farm scale. As a result of comparison with the Korean-GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) standards, it is difficult to compare the two standards to be compared with each other by 1:1. However, many of the Korean-GAP standards are similar to FSMA Produce Safety rules. However, the Korean-GAP standards can be judged differently according to the evaluator as a comprehensive standard, so the details of the standards need to be reinforced. In terms of the provisions, the Korean- GAP standards are the most appropriate for the safety of workers (FSMA Subpart D), followed by livestock and wild animals (FSMA Subpart I), buildings, equipment and tools (FSMA Subpart L) and harvesting activities (FSMA Subpart K). However, there are some weaknesses in the field of agricultural water management (FSMA Subpart E) and farm manager's qualifications and training (FSMA Subpart C), and the response to the biological soil amendments of animal origin and human waste (FSMA Subpart F) is weak. The FSMA regulation is not a certification standard, but it is expected that the marbling effect, which is the standard laid down by the United States leading the world food safety standards, is expected to be considerable. Therefore, we hope that the review of the Korean-GAP standards will help improve the quality of agricultural products and expand our exports, since the standard for responding to microbiological safety emphasized in the FSMA regulations is the Korean-GAP standard.

농산물 인증기준을 중심으로 한국 인삼의 품질관리방안

윤덕훈,Yoon, Deok-Hoon 고려인삼학회 2020 고려인삼연구와 산업 Vol.14 No.1

셰익스피어의 「안토니와 클레오파트라」 의 무대의상 디자인 연구 -여주인공 클레오파트라를 중심으로-

윤덕훈 한국의류학회 2010 한국의류학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

농산물우수관리제도의 현황과 발전방안

윤덕훈 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.1

It is ten years since the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification system was implemented in Korea, and the government aims to acquire GAP certification up to 25% of the total agricultural areas by 2022. As of the end of 2017, 6.3% of the total cultivated area and 8.1% of the total farm households were certified, which is slower than expected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of the GAP accreditation through the surveys and on site inspections of the GAP certified farmers and to propose the development plans according to the problems analysis of the current system in order to expand the GAP certification. Certified farmers recognized the need for agricultural safety and hygiene, but there were a lot of nonconformities regarding practical practices. This is due to the ambiguity of the certification standards and the wrong ways in the training method for the producers. GAP certification is slow to expand to farmers and low consumer awareness is considered a structural problem of GAP certification system, and improvement measures are needed accordingly. It is necessary to convert the state-led GAP certification system into a state-led private certification system. It is necessary for the government to focus on policy, research and follow-up management. In addition, it is necessary to establish a separate organization in the form of a contribution organization for the certification, education, and public relations. In addition, long-term plan must be established and systematically carried out. It is necessary to integrate too many certification agencies compared to the farming scale of Korea, and it is necessary to realize the application fee for realizing the financial independence of the certification body and correct certification work. In addition, inspector qualification standards should be strengthened and training system should be improved to nurture high quality inspectors. Simplified certification standards based on statutes need to be subdivided into practical action plans. In order to improve the GAP certification system, it is necessary to have a discussion through a committee composed of specialists from industry and academia, and it will be possible to contribute to the safety of the food of the people through the production of safe by drawing concrete development plans.

고대 이집트 칼라시리스에 표현된 서아시아의 복식 요소

윤덕훈 한국의류학회 2010 한국의류학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

연구보문 : 생태환경 ; 효모(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1) 첨가에 따른 돈분뇨의 악취제거 및 오염물질 감소 효과

윤덕훈 ( Deok Hoon Yoon ),강동우 ( Dong Woo Kang ),남기웅 ( Ki Woong Nam ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 실험은 효모(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1) 첨가에 따른 돈분뇨의 악취제거 및 오염물질 감소 효과를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 처리구는 효모무 처리(SA0), 돈분뇨 1톤당 0.7 l(SA0.7), 1.0 l(SA1.0), 1.5 l(SA1.5)로 구분하였다. 돈분뇨에서 발생하는 복합악취강도는 폭기조 외부의 온도변화와 효모의 투입량 증가에 따라 감소한 경향을 보였으며, 특히 암모니아 가스는 처리 6일 후 SA0에서 161.1 ppm인 반면 SA1.5에서는 47.1 ppm수준이었다. 또한 돈분뇨의 액상화는 SA1.5에서는 시험전 대비 13.8%가 증가하였으며, 분뇨량은 12.8% 감소하였다. 가축분뇨 중의 주요 병원균인 대장균은 효모처리구인 SA0.7과 SA1.5에서 시험전 수준인 30MP N ml-1미만을 유지하여 더 이상 증식되지 않았다. 그러나 오염물질인 및 BOD, COD, 및 NO3--N, NH4+-N, PO4-P의 일부 감소는 공시효모에 의한 효과가 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과, 효모(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1)를 1.5%를 돈분뇨에 첨가시 악취의 제거와 대장균의 증식을 억제시켜 환경개선제로서의 이용 가능성을 보여주었다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1, referred to as SA) addition on odor emission and contaminants reduction in piggery slurry. Four different rates of yeast addition were compared: no addition(SA0), 0.7L(SA0.7), 1.0L(SA1.0), and 1.5L(SA1.5) to one tone of piggery slurry. Odor emission tended to decrease with increasing the yeast application with concurrent effects of changes in temperature on outside of reactors. Particularly, reduction in ammonia emission was proportional to the yeast application rate; it reduced from 161.1 ppm in SA0 to 47.1 ppm in SA1.5 after 6 days of treatment. Decomposition of piggery slurry by yeast increased to 13.8% more in SA1.5, and total amounts of piggery slurry decreased to 12.5% in SA1.5. Total coliforms were detected below 30MPN ml-1 in SA1.5, while 8.3×10(3) MPN ml-1 of Total coliforms were found in SA0. However, the effect of yeast addition in piggery slurry seemed to have no influence on the removal efficiency of contaminants such as BOD, COD, NO3--N, NH4+-N, PO4-P. Consequently, the yeast(Saccharomyces exiguous SJPAF1) addition of 1.5% in the piggery slurry seems to have potential applicability for improving agent of pig-farm environment.

국제적 식품안전인증제도 - GlobalGAP 기준

윤덕훈(Deok-Hoon Yoon),남기웅(Ki-Woong Nam) 한국원예학회 2011 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2011 No.5

인삼 생산과정의 GLOBALG.A.P. 위해요소 관리

윤덕훈(Deok-Hoon Yoon),김윤수(Yun-Soo Kim),김기태(Ki-Tae Kim) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10