남북관계 발전을 위한 남북기본합의서의 법적 지위의 승격

양정윤(Yang, Jeong-Yun) 헌법이론실무학회 2016 통일법연구 Vol.2 No.-

최근의 남북관계는 사드배치와 핵무기 문제로 급격히 냉각하고 있다. 미사일을 요격하는 사드는 레이더로 전방의 시설을 탐지하는 미국의 전략방어체제로 정부는 2016년 7월 13일 경상북도 성주군 성산포대에 배치한다고 발표하였고, 9월 9일 북한은 5차 핵실험을 단행하여 탄도 미사일 탑재용 소형 핵탄두를 최초로 핵폭발 실험을 하면서, 남북한 간에 긴장이 감돌고 있다. 이러한 긴장관계는 사실 지난 2016년 2월 10일 정부가 북한의 핵실험과 장거리 로켓 발사에 대한 제재 차원으로 개성공단 가동을 사실상 전면중단한 결정과 연계선상에 놓여 있는데, 이러한 개성공단 폐쇄조치는 그동안 노력하였던 남북관계의 발전가능성을 원점으로 돌려 한순간에 물거품이 되어 버린 형국이다. 최근 9월 21일 국회 대정부질문에서는 개성공단이 반년이 넘게 가동이 중단된 상태이고, 피해에 대해 정부가 내어 놓았던 대책이 제대로 실행되지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 개성공단기업들은 하루하루를 힘들게 경영하고 있고, 그 직원들은 생계가 위기에 처해있는 실정이다. 분단된 민족으로 출발한 이후 군사정부가 끝나기까지 경색되었던 남북관계가 1980년대 후반 소련의 고르바초프의 개혁과 개방정책에 의하여 사회주의국가의 냉전체제가 해체되는 과정에서 1991년 9월 남북한 유엔동시 가입, 그리고 12월 13일 남북기본합의서를 채택한 이후로, 그동안 남북관계를 점진적으로 발전시켜오면서 상당한 결실이 있었던 것은 부인할 수 없다. 1991년 12월 13일 채택한 남북기본합의서를 기초로 하여 2000년 6.15남북공동선언과 함께 남북교류협력의 하나로 동년 8월 9일 개성공업지구건설운영에 관한 합의서를 체결하여 통일로 가는 남북교류협력을 마련하여 현재에 까지 이르고 있었던 것이다. 그러나 2012년 이후로 북한의 김정은 체제에서 핵무기에 대한 과시를 외부로 보이면서, 미국의 안보정책과 맞물려, 이명박 정부이후로 남북관계에 있어서 사드배치 등 군사적 대립으로 진행하여 왔고, 결국 북한내부의 불안정한 정치와 맞물리면서 북한의 핵무기에 대한 정부의 성급한 판단으로 남북관계의 근간을 이룰 수 있는 개성공단의 운영을 전면중단이라는 폐쇄의 조치를 취함으로써, 남북관계의 발전에 대한 먹구름이 드리워진 상황이다. 이러한 상황에서는 현재의 남북관계를 어떻게 풀어가야만 할 것인지에 대한 고민을 함에 있어서, 남북관계의 출발점이라고 할 수 있는 남북기본합의서를 기초로 하여 그에 대한 현실적 접근을 하여야할 필요성이 있어 보인다. Recently, South-North Korea relation is cooling with THAAD arrangement and nuclear weapons problem. The tension is gradually been deepening between South and North Korea. This is related at the decision that the government stopped the Gaeseong Industrial Complex at February 10th, 2016. The closure will obstruct the possibility of development of South-North Korea relation. The government is unable to offer practical measures for Gaeseong Industrial Complex. The living for the staffs of GIC are faced with the crisis. After joining UN with South-North Korea September 9th, 1991, and adopting South-North Basic Agreement on September 13th, 1991, mutual relation has been gradually developed, and there are the considerable results. But North Korea"s Kim Jeong-Eun showed threat about the nuclear weapons 2012 years later. And the U.S. has been proceeding as the military power including THAAD arrangement, and etc. Eventually, the government stopped the Gaeseong Industrial Complex for the basis of South-North Cooperation. The black clouds about the development of South-North relation hang over. In this situation, we have to consider how to relieve the current South-North relation. There seems to be the necessity that we have to take the realistic approach based on South-North Basic Agreement.

우하지 소력감을 호소하는 대상포진 후 대퇴신경마비 환자 치험 1례

양정윤,박민정,김수현,조기호,문상관,권승원,정우상,Yang, Jung-yun,Park, Min-jeong,Kim, Soo-hyun,Cho, Ki-ho,Mun, Sang-kwan,Kwon, Seung-won,Jung, Woo-sang 대한한방내과학회 2018 대한한방내과학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study is to report the case of a 79-year-old man with weakness of the right lower limb due to postzoster femoral nerve palsy. Methods: A patient was treated with Korean medicine, including herbal medication, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and bee-venom, during 17 days of hospitalization. We evaluated the improvements of symptoms using manual muscle testing (MMT) and measuring the change in walking distance. Results: After 17 days of Korean medicine treatment, there was improvement in the patient's symptoms. MMT improved from 3- to 5, and walking distance improved from 2 spaces to 120 spaces. Conclusions: This study suggested that Korean medical treatment might be effective in the patient's recovery from postzoster femoral nerve palsy.

혈전색전증으로 인한 좌상지의 통증 및 냉감을 호소하는 환자 치험 1례

양정윤,박민정,이미림,문상관,정우상,권승원,조기호,Yang, Jung-yun,Park, Min-jeong,Lee, Mi-rim,Mun, Sang-Kwan,Jung, Woo-sang,Kwon, Seung-won,Cho, Ki-ho 대한중풍순환신경학회 2017 대한중풍.순환신경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

A case of a 47-year-old male patient with Lt.hand pain & cold sensation due to Thrombotic occlusion of Lt. brachial a. is presented. He was treated with acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine - 桂枝茯苓丸(Gyejibongnyeong-hwan, Keishibukuryo-gan). We used NRS of pain and Digital Infrared Thermal Image(DITI) to evaluate the progress. After 11days of treatment, there were notable improvement in pain scale, DITI. Korean medical treatment may be effective in treating thrombotic occlusion.

반려동물과 인간의 존엄과 가치

양정윤 ( Yang Jeong-yun ) 한국동물법연구회 2021 동물법연구 Vol.0 No.3

Today, the human is living with a companion animal. Nevertheless, the companion animal are ululated with goods by the laws. Among the rescued companion animals, there are many cases, for example, burned all over the body, had a strong adhesive etc, those are signs of abuse. These wounded the rescued companion animals not disappeared easily. The abandoned animals leads to animal cruelty. This accident type of companion animals is increasing. They are damaged by their throat string, a plastic container, or tied to the wine and die. It is increasing to various types. Since the death of them, the body has been put in a garbage bag. That is related to the false ritual of treating them by people. First of all, there are no the laws to care about The fundamental relationship between human and companion animals is social partner far feeling the same pain as humans, for example, the similarity of nervous system like humans, human behavior such as pain and joy. If any behavior is similar to humans and it's made from principles like human beings, there works an humanity, or personality, etc. We should need to think about that perspective. It should be equipped with a new companion animals, a ban on other people's mistreatment, protection against stray animals, and a mandatary registration of companion animals.

대통령의 사면권과 사면법의 실질적 개선

양정윤(Yang Jeong Yun) 헌법이론실무학회 2016 헌법연구 Vol.3 No.2

대통령의 사면권 행사는 민주정부 이후 점차 줄고 있다. 그런데 헌법 제79조 제1항에서는 사면권을 대통령의 헌법적 권한으로 인정하고 있으나, 사면법에서는 대통령에게 광범위한 사면권을 인정하고 있어, 이러한 사면법을 개정하여야 한다는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 최근 2016년 8월 5일 국회에서는 공익적 차원의 사면권 행사가 이루어지기 위한 사면법 개정안을 발의하였다. 국회에 제출한 최근의 사면법 개정안에는 대통령의 친족, 대통령이 임명하거나 지명한 정무직공무원, 공공기관장이었던 사람을 사면할 수 없는 규정을 두었고, 법무부장관 소속인 사면심사위원회를 국회와 대법원장이 추천하는 각 3명을 포함하는 독립적 위원회로 개선하는 안을 담았다. 비록 법무부는 2016년 8월 15일 광복절 특사를 위하여 8월 8일 사면심사위원회를 개최하여 8월 12일 특별사면을 발표하면서 절제된 모습을 보이려고 노력하였으나, 국회와의 신중한 사전협의와 검토없이 불과 몇 일만에 정부가 지정한 특별사면의 명단으로 비공개로 진행하고 확정하였다는 점에 대해서는 국민들의 비판이 있었다. 대통령의 사면권은 전제군주 시기의 은사권 행사와는 다르다. 삼권분립이 확립되고 사법권이 독립되어 있는 민주주의 국가에서는 사면권은 다른 제도로 이해하여야 한다. 오늘날에도 대통령의 사면권 행사를 필요로 하는 공익적 이익은 필요하다. 하지만, 대통령이 예전의 전제군주 시기의 군주처럼 단독으로 행사하는 은사와는 달라야 한다. 특히 대통령의 친인척이라든지, 대통령의 정치적 측근이라든지 이러한 사람들을 위한 사면권 행사가 되어서는 아니 된다. 사면권 행사가 필요하다면, 공익적 차원에서, 대통령 자의적 판단이 아닌 국회와의 신중한 사전협의를 통하여서 이루어져야 한다. 그동안 사면심사위원회를 독립적으로 구성하여야 한다는 견해가 지속적으로 주장되어 왔지만, 그에 대한 실질적 개선이 이루어지지 않았다. 이번에 사면법 개정이 이루어진다면, 헌법의 기본원리에 부합하는 실질적 사면법의 개정이 되었으면 한다. Pardon Power of President is gradually decreased after the democratic government. The constitution grant Pardon Power as the authority of President. However, Pardon Act is admitting the wide prerogative to President. There is the opinion that it has to revise this Pardon Act. At August 8th, 2016, Ministry of Justice announced opening the committee for special pardon at National Liberation Day on August 15th, 2016. But, at August 5th, 2016, Member of Parliament submitted the amendment Bill on Pardon Act prohibiting special pardon for the politic, economic, and etc. That is, there is the conflict between the government and National Assembly. However, at August 15th, 2016, the special pardon for National Liberation Day has done. Pardon power of President is not action of grace or mercy in the monarchy time. If people says something which need to be the special pardon today, that is the case, President must not act the special pardon alone. It should be accomplished at the review for the benefit of the public. We has to organize independently the review committee and continuously to improve so far. That is, it should be needed for the substantial improvement of Pardon Act. If then, people can say that we have the substantial Pardon Act with the basic principle of the constitution.

미국 대통령의 행정명령에 대한 소고

양정윤 ( Yang Jeong-yun ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2017 고려법학 Vol.0 No.84

최근에 당선된 미국의 트럼프 대통령은 2017년 1월 25일 이른바 반(反)이민 행정명령이라고 비판받는 국경보안과 이민정책개선에 관한 행정명령(Executive Order 13767)을 발하였다. 이에 의하면 미국에 불법적으로 들어오는 이민자들을 막기 위한 행정명령으로, 특히 남부의 멕시코 국경의 장벽을 설치하여 각종 범죄의 위험을 제거하기 위함에 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 트럼프 대통령의 행정명령으로 미국에 입국하려다 구금된 7개 무슬림 국가의 국민을 본국에 송환하려고 하였으나, 반이민 행정명령으로 뉴욕 JFK 국제공항에 갇힌 이라크 남성 2명을 대신해 시민단체인 미국시민자유연맹(ACLU)이 백악관을 상대로 소송을 제기하였고, 1월 29일 뉴욕 브루클린 연방 지방 법원의 앤 도넬리 판사는 행정명령에 따라 이들을 본국으로 돌려보내면 만회할 수 없는 피해가 예상된다고 보아 송환금지명령을 판결하였다. 미국의 연방의회도 이러한 위법적 행정명령을 행사하지 말라고 하면서, 상원에서는 표결에 대한 보이콧을 행사하는 등 연방의회와 대통령 간의 갈등이 고조되고 있다. 공화당에서도 오바마 8년 동안의 대통령 행정명령에 대하여 무법행위라고 비난하고 있듯이, 미국 대통령의 행정명령은 그 남용가능성이 나타난다. 그런데 한국 대통령의 행정입법도 제헌국회부터 제19대국회에 이르기까지 자의적 남용행사를 하여왔음이 드러나고 있다. 이러한 이유로 지난 2015년 5월 29일에 가결한 국회법일부개정법률안 제98조의2 제3항에서는 국회가 행정입법의 시정조치를 위하여 “수정변경을 요청할 수 있다.”고 규정하였으나, 6월 25일에 박근혜대통령이 법률안거부권을 행사함으로 결국 임기만료로 폐기하고 말았다. 그 이후로 국회에서는 행정입법에 대한 실질적 절차규정을 마련하지 못하고 있다. 즉 미국에서도 한국에서도 대통령의 행정입법에 대한 남용문제가 논의되고 있다. 그러나 한국은 미국 대통령제를 수용하였지만, 미국 대통령의 행정명령에 대해서는 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 점에서 미국 대통령의 행정명령을 전반적으로 고찰해보고, 한국 대통령의 행정입법과 어떠한 차이점이 있는지를 비교법적으로 검토할 필요성이 제기된다. Recently, President Trump of the United States issued the Antiimmigration Executive Order at January 25th in 2017. It is Executive Order 13767 about the security and immigration policy improvement. It is based on Immigration and Nationality Act and Secure Fence Act. This Executive Order is to prevent the illegal immigrants come to the United States. Especially, the obstacle will be built in the Mexican border on the south. This purpose is that the United States remove the risk to every kind of crime. But Congress warns that it is illegal Executive Order. That is, the discord between Congress and President is rising. Republican Party in Congress blamed President Obama`s Executive Orders for eight years. As well, Executive Orders of American President has the abuse possibility. By the way, the Presidents of Korea had been issued arbitrary Administrative Legislation, so far. However, National Assembly does not devise the substantial procedure regulation against Administrative Legislation. That is, the problem of abuse about Administrative Legislation of President is discussed in Korea and the United States. However, we have not been researched about Executive Orders of American President, as well. In this point, we should have to study Executive Orders of the United States President, and then the difference with Administrative Legislation of President in Korea is become known. It is necessary that we should examine them with the comparison method.

북한의 사회주의사상의 전개와 북한헌법에의 영향 -이른바 주체사상 및 선군사상과 관련하여-

양정윤 ( Jeong Yun Yang ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2013 고려법학 Vol.0 No.68

North Korea amended his Constitutional Law in April, 2012. It was the main aim of the amendment to change the name what was called “the Chairman of National Defence Committee” that was the first position of the military power. The name was renamed to the so-called “the First Chairman of National Defence Committee”. However, the concealed fact of the amendment was to transmit the military power from Kim, Jung-Il to Kim, Jung-Eon who is Kim, Jung-Il`s son since his father was dead in December, 2011. Consequently, Kim, Jung-Eon sat down the first place, and that get the family line of Kim, Il-Sung who is Kim, Jung-Eon`s grandfather to continue again. The Military Government with Kim, Jung-Eon could function as a prop, for a while. However, at the same time, he takes a problem how to concentrate North Korean because North Korea was established with Marxism-Leninism, and since then, has been concentrated with the Ideas what they called Self-Reliance Ideology and Precedence- Military Ideology. Especially, Precedence-Military Ideology was designed with Kim, Il-Sung for his son, Kim, Jung-Il, and so this Ideology won`t be able to take an Inheritance-Ideology for Kim, Jung-Eon. That is why Precedence-Military Ideology is just a practical theory for Self-Reliance Ideology. It means that Military Power won`t keep persuading North Korean with Precedence-Military Ideology. Naturally, Despotic Military Government could continuously do dictatorship politics with regardless of North Korean Ideology-Consensus, but these facts show that whoever can be the despotic governor if one has a hold on the military power. This makes us know as follows: First, if Military Government of North Korea could not concentrate on Ideology for North Korean, it might be collapsed by them. Second, if the military power could be divided, the Government might be ruined by extremely clashing against the divided powers. These reasons could make the Government of North Korea collapse, and it means that North Korea can be absorbed in China rather than we can unity our mother country. If they raise military affairs to avoid eyes of North Korean who feel hungry everyday, we could directly get big damage. If they make a contract with China for exclusive industrial zone in order to rescue their economics, we could not be beneficial because of weakening our control against North Korea. As of now, it is wise that we find a solution for these problems through conversations with them, and so, I think we need to know North Korea more than before. In this point of view, this thesis has been studied on The Development of Socialist Ideology in North Korea and Influence to Constitutional Law of North Korea with relation to Self-Reliance Ideology and Precedence-Military Ideology.

대화적 사법심사와 반복입법

양정윤 ( Jeong Yun Yang ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2014 고려법학 Vol.0 No.72

Discussions are underway about the Constitutional Court`s unconstitutional decision on the law that the Legislator formed restrains his own. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court doesn`t take a clear position about reiterated legislation of the Legislature against unconstitutional decision. However, if we think that the Constitutional Court`s unconstitutionality on a law could be wrong, we cannot help meeting with regard to problem that the Constitutional Court can prohibit reiterated legislation of the Legislator. We know the fact through cases of the United States that the Supreme Court declared constitutionality of Slavery in Dred Scott v. Sanford case, and of the separation of blacks and whites Education in Brown v. Board of Education case. We also knows the fact that In Dred Scott case, even though President Lincoln showed respect for the Supreme Court`s decision on constitutionality of Slavery, he declared that Supreme Court`s Constitutional Interpretation was wrong, and tried to override the effect of the judgment on his best way. Namely, the thing that Constitutional Interpretation of the Constitutional Court is not always right make us stop finding justification to ban reiterated legislation against his wrong. But, if unconditionally, the Legislator can reiterate legislation, in case no wrong, Congress might do it. If so, there is no way to prevent abuse of arbitrary authority of Legislator. However, It is important that Reliance of the Constitutional Court has been keeping rank 1 with the people, meanwhile. Namely, The majority of the Constitutional Court`s decision is for the people. The problem, as the times change, is that the will of the people is gradually changing, and so they want to change prior decision of the Constitutional Court. Also, the Constitutional Court sometimes impinges wrong Constitutional Interpretation, and then the people sharply criticize. By the way, we need to consider that the common denominator is the changed will of the people. In other words, there must be the serious will of the people for changing prior decision of the Constitutional Court. Considering these points, in principle, Congress must respect unconstitutional decision of the Constitutional Court, if, the people want to change the decision, the Legislator must converge enough the changed will of the people, and then can be reiterated legislation. In short, whether Legislature or the Constitutional Court, every Constitutional Authority must perform his obligation that converge enough the changed will of the people within the scope of his own authority.

건축법상 일조권 보장에 관한 소고

양정윤 ( Yang Jeong-yun ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2018 일감부동산법학 Vol.16 No.-

Since 1980s, the cities have developed in Republic of Korea. Highbuildings have been expanded to multiplex houses in residence areas. People tried to make many houses in limited land. This caused the buildings to get higher. The conflicts over the right to enjoy of sunshine happened not only between high-buildings and single-houses but also apartments unintendedly. Recently, even the right to a view is being claimed. Namely, the problems on the separation distance and height limit of high-buildings are being made. Once the construction is completed, the violation of the right to enjoy sunshine could be irrevocable. And also, the infringement on environmental rights and the financial damages such as a fall drop in price of house could be brought about. Besides, the process of law suits might be made people waste their times. Therefore, the government should need to improve legal solutions not to be involved in the disputes. The present Building Law consider only the height limit for the right to enjoy sunshine. In reality, the separation distance and minimum distance for the right to enjoy sunshine in the winter solstice have to be taken into consideration. These factors are reflected in the Decree of Building Law, but the Presidential Decree must be based on Building Law. Furthermore, the cases of Supreme Court should be also considered. In this point of view, we should need to study on the Decree of Building Law and the cases of Supreme Court, and on standard of the time to enjoy sunshine.

대통령 권한대행의 대통령 권한행사범위

양정윤(Yang, Jeong-Yun) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2017 법학연구 Vol.51 No.-

The impeachment trial is progressing in the Constitutional Court, since the motion of impeachment of the President Park Geun-Hye passed at National Assembly recently. Hwang Gyo-An is the 9th Acting President. The majority of the Acting President was the vacancy. The accident was only the case stopped authority due to the impeachment trial against the President Roh Moo-Hyeon. And recently, the case stopped authority due to the impeachment trial against the President Park Gun-Hye is the accident as well. The impeachment trial against the President Roh Moo-Hyeon was possible to return to the his duty and the Acting President Go Geon stayed in the maintenance of the status. The current Acting President Hwang Gyo-An seems to succeed the case of the former Acting President Go Geon. But the issue of the recent impeachment trial against the President Park Gun-Hye is complex and the period of the impeachment trial can be lengthened. For this reason, the whole scope of the President Power will be asserted by the Acting President. However, the Acting President Hwang Gyo-An is the prime minister appointed by the President. Therefore it is unable to be free from the President. In the Article 71 of Constitutional Law, when the President cannot perform his duty due to the vacancy or accident, the Acting President is the prime minister, or based on the order by law. Namely, it stipulates the rank of the Acting President, but doesn’t the scope of the Acting President. In this side, we should consider the problem on the scope of the Acting President.