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석진영,정은태,김유단,Seok, Jin-Yeong,Jeong, Eun-Tae,Kim, Yu-Dan 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.25 No.12
In this paper, a singularity problem of the state transition matrix is investigated in the spatial propagation when the spatial matrix differential equation is constructed via time finite element analysis. A parametric study shows that the degree of singularity of the state transition matrix depends on the degree of flexibility of the structures. As an alternative to avoid the numerical problems due to the singularity, an analytic solution fur spatial propagation of the flexible structures is proposed. In the proposed method, the spatial properties of the structure are analytically expressed by a combination of transcendental functions. The analytic solution serves fast and accurate results by eliminating the possibility of the error accumulation caused by the boundary condition. Several numerical examples are shown to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
석진영 한국건축역사학회 2020 건축역사연구 Vol.29 No.4
The planning acumen led by the crown prince stands out during the banquets that were held continuallyduring the reign of Crown Prince Hyomyung around the late Joseon period from 1827 to 1929. If we examine thechanges in banquet space during the period that Crown Prince Hyomyung ruled by proxy, the Jagyeongjeon(慈慶殿) in Changgyeonggung Palace, which was built during the time of King Jeongjo was repaired after the in1827 during the reign of the crown prince and appeared in its changed form in Muja Jinjakin 1828. It is believedthat the Jagyeongjeonwas expanded and repaired during the reign of Crown Prince Hyomyung to conductbanquets for important guests. Jagyeongjeon which was repaired during the crown prince's reign, is a spacewhere banquets were continuously held during the three years that he reigned, and we can see that it is animportant space for royalty where the authority of King Sunjo, Queen Sunwon, and Crown Prince Hyomyungwas reflected. Yeongyeongdan(演慶堂) was a structure built in 1828, which is after the period when theJagyeongjeonwas changed in 1827, and it is a space that emerged during the reign of the crown prince. Hwanchwijeong(環翠亭), which was constructed during the time of King Seongjong was changed after 1827during the reign of Crown Prince Hyomyung and appeared in its changed form in Muja Jinjakin 1828. Hwanchwijeongwas the place where the Crown Prince Hyomyung stayed and planned banquets and it wasrepaired along with Jagyeongjeonin 1827. During his reign, the political intent of the crown prince was reflectednot in superficial political spaces but in spaces where banquets were held and accordingly the main spaces forbanquets and their related royal palace locations were changed or newly established. You need to briefly explainwhat this and Muja Jinjak are. New information is not provided in this paragraph. You have already establishedwhy the crown prince renovated the banquets and its significance in the first two paragraphs. You could justadd “Jagyeongjeon(慈慶殿), Yeongyeongdan(演慶堂), and Hwanchwijeong(環翠亭) in Changgyeonggung Palaceduring his reign were changed and renovated during the time when the royal banquets of the 19th century weregetting established. It was spaces that reflected the royal family and royal authority” to the end of the secondparagraph and it would convey your intended meaning. 조선후기 효명세자의 집권기인 1827년부터 1829년에 연속적으로 열린 연향은 왕세자의 주도적인 기획력이 돋보인다. 효명세자 대리청정기의 연향 공간의 변화를 살펴보면 정조시기 건립된 창경궁의 慈慶殿은 효명세자 집권기인 1827년 자경전진작 이후에 수리되어 1828년 무자진작에 변화되어 나타난다. 효명세자 집권기 주빈을 위한 연향을 거행하기 위해 자경전을 확장하여 수리한 것으로 판단된다. 효명세자 집권기 수리된 자경전은 효명세자가 집권한 3년 동안 연향이 지속적으로 거행된 공간으로 순조, 순원왕후, 효명세자의 권위가 반영된 왕실의 주요한 공간이었음을 알 수 있다. 演慶堂은 자경전이 변화되는 시기인 1827년 이후 1828년에 건립된 것으로 효명세자 집권기에 등장하는 공간이다. 성종시기 건립된 環翠亭은 효명세자 집권기인 1827년 이후 변화되어 1828년 戊子進爵에 변화된 형태로 나타난다. 환취정은 효명세자가 거처하며 연향을 기획하던 장소로 1827년 자경전과 함께 수리된다. 효명제자 집권 시기 표면적인 정치적 공간과 달리 연향이 거행되는 공간에서 왕세자의 정치적 의도가 반영되었으며 그에 따라서 연향의 주요 공간과 관련된 전각이 변화되었거나 새롭게 조성되었다. 효명세자 집권기 창경궁의 慈慶殿, 演慶堂, 環翠亭은 19세기 왕실의 연향이 자리 잡게 되는 시기에 변화되고 새롭게 구축된 공간으로 왕실과 왕권이 반영된 공간이었다. 그 실질적 표면에는 宴享이 있었다. 즉, 효명세자 집권시기에 연향 공간은 적극적으로 변화되었으며 이는 왕권 연향이 거행되는 공간에 반영되어 변화된 것으로 1827년부터 1829년 자경전, 연경당, 환취정이 동일한 시기에 변화된다. 慈慶殿과 環翠亭은 효명세자 시기 연향의 주요한 공간으로 기존의 연향 공간이 효명세자 집권기에 집중적으로 수리되었으며, 演慶堂은 연향의 용이한 설행을 위해 새롭게 건립된다. 즉, 효명세자 집권 시기 창경궁의 자경전과 연경당, 환취정은 효명세자의 정치적 위상이 연향으로 반영된 공간으로 왕실의 위상을 연향 공간에서의 건축 변화로 알 수 있다.
석진영,Seok, Jin-Young 한국건축역사학회 2020 건축역사연구 Vol.29 No.6
During the Joseon Dynasty, the rituals that were celebrated in the palaces were mainly held inside the palace and in the courtyard of the palace. Mats were spread on the floor of the place where the ritual was held. The mats spread in the Joseon Dynasty rituals divided the space in various ways, and in particular, they were spread in a certain form in the spaces of royal wedding, customs, and court banquet. Mats were the primary physical element that divided the royal ritual space of the Joseon Dynasty, and functioned to elevate the general space to the ritual space. In the ritual space, mats were spread inside the palace, and divided the courtyard of the palace into left and right in a symmetrical form to distinguish the hierarchy of the participants. Mats with special and white patterns were spread in the external ceremonial space and mats with flower and colorful patterns were spread in the internal ceremonial space. This was the subdivision of the Confucianism's male-female division through the mat. The pattern of the mat that divided the space of the royal family elders also meant longevity to reflect the filial thoughts of the Confucianism through the mat. Mats were a physical element for subdividing the royal family and the participants in the hierarchy of the space where the ritual is held, and it also performed a subdividing function between the royal participants. In other words, in the Joseon Dynasty ritual space, mats were temporarily spread while the ritual is being celebrated and functioned to elevate the space to a ritual space. It is confirmed that the fact that the mats were temporarily spread to divide the space into the hierarchies according to the status and were subdivided into colors and patterns to perform the function to reflect the subdivision of the royal family according to Confucianism and the statue of filial piety in the ritual.
조선시대 진찬(進饌) 왕, 왕세자, 왕세손의 동선(動線) 및 공간 사용의 변화에 관한 연구
석진영 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.39 No.3
Summarizing the characteristics of the movement lines, the center is the location of the king, the center is the location of the king, the eastside is the king, the crown prince, the crown prince, and the royal family, and the west side is the seat of the subjects. The detailedhierarchical division between each position was divided between the king and the successor, between the royal family, and between the kingand subject. If the characteristics of the movement line are summarized as gates, Jeongmun is the movement line of the king and hissuccessors. The east-west side gates located on the left and right sides of the hall were used by the royal family and ministers, and thehierarchy between the royal family and subjects was also divided into gates. Analyzing the characteristics of jinchan by external and internalcircumstance, the king waits in the outer court, passes through the center of the front gate, and finally ascends to the ceremonial hall of theceremonial hall. The crown prince mainly used the east gate of the main gate and performed the ceremonies in the eastern position, and thecrown prince's son was located below and behind the crown prince in the eastern area. In the inner palace, the king's movement becomesconcise, and in the daily meeting led by the crown prince, a central movement line appears in which the crown prince passes through themiddle gate of the front gate. In the inner court, the movement of the king becomes concise, and in the following day's meeting led by thecrown prince, the pattern of the movement of the center appears as the crown prince passes through the central gate. The crown prince'smovement shows a complex movement and a mixed pattern of the center and the east to perform various ceremonies appropriate to theprocedure at the banquet. The location of the crown prince was divided into the east, which was separated from the king's straight line ofmovement, and royal women such as the crown princess mainly used the west area. From the external and internal courts during the reignof King Sunjo, the position and movement of the king and crown prince can give a glimpse of the kingship that was passed on to thesuccessor who had actual authority, and it can be confirmed that the will of King Sunjo's gyejisul is being passed on to Crown PrinceHyomyeong. In other words, in the inner circle, the middle, straight line is the king's hierarchy, the east is the hierarchy of the successorwho inherits the kingship, and the complex aspect of the center and the east is the hierarchy of the successor who carries out the kingshipby proxy. 進饌을 중심으로 왕과 왕실 정통성을 이을 후계자의 位次와 動線을 정리해보면 조선전기 규범화된 의례는 조선후기까지 이어졌으며 진찬의 목적과 상황에 따라 변화되었다. 位次에서 中央, 즉 중심은 왕, 東은 왕, 왕세자, 왕세손, 종친 등의 왕실을 의미하였고 西는 신하를 의미했다. 신분 간의 세밀한 위계 구분은 上과 下와 前과 後로 왕·왕실간·군신간의 위계를 向으로 구별하였다. 殿閣의 正門은 왕, 왕세자, 왕세손이 이동하는 국본의 동선이었고, 세부적으로 왕은 中央門 왕세자, 왕세손의 후계자는 東門으로 구분하였다. 동서 편문은 종친과 대신의 동선으로 왕실과 군신간의 위계를 門으로 구분하였다. 動線에서 외연에서 왕은 정문을 중앙문을 통하여 마지막에 正殿의 御座에 오르는 일직선 동선이다. 왕세자는 주로 동문을 이용하며 동쪽의 영역에서 하례의 예를 행했으며, 순조시기 일부 위차와 동선이 中央으로 이동되는 양상이 나타난다. 왕세자의 동선은 연회에서 절차에 맞는 다양한 의례를 행하기 위해 복합적 동선과 중앙과 동쪽의 혼합 양상이 나타났다. 內宴에서 왕의 동선은 간결해지고 왕세자 주도의 翌日會酌에서 왕세자가 正門의 中央門을 통과하는 中心 동선의 양상이 적극적으로 나타난다.
석진영 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.7
During the Joseon Dynasty, a banquet with sitting cushions was mainly held in the yard of the royal quarters in front of the royal palace. If a leopard sitting cushion was used in the architectural space of a banquet, it indicated the highest rank in the royal seat during the Joseon Dynasty, which continued until the Gojong period. The long leaning cushion did not appear in the banquet seats during the Jeongjo period, but was used during the Sunjo period. The dragon-patterned sitting mat was used only for the king’s seat after the Sunjo period. This was to establish the king’s political authority, subdividing the hierarchy based on the mat’s pattern. Banquets held during the Sunjo period used the dragon-patterned sitting mat for the king, the floral sitting mat for Queen Sunwon, Crown Prince Hyomyeong, and the crown princess. For the sitting cushion, Manhwa and leopard sitting cushions were placed. Eventually, the crown prince and princess’s sitting cushions were replaced with leopard sitting cushions. The king’s throne had five levels of mats and Pyeoncha had five levels. The royal throne including the crown prince consisted of five stages, and the Socha bowing seat, and Pyeoncha had three levels. The seat for alcohol offerings had two stages; the arrangement of the sitting cushions indicated the rank of the seat for alcohol offering, the lowest was the crown prince’s seat. The number of stages and mats were the highest during the Jeongjo period. A pattern of this complex stage appeared in the Sunjo period and settled down after the Heonjong period. In the King’s hierarchy, there was the most, odd number of sitting cushions, and the status was classified by the number of mats used. During a banquet, the sitting cushion was placed according to the seat status. An arrangement by type, pattern, and color was used to distinguish the hierarchy of participants. The sitting cushion established the king’s political hierarchy and more specifically stratified the level of its royal participants. Sitting cushions were used on the royal family seats and for participants in the architectural space of a banquet. It was lastly planned in the banquet architectural space division, defining the differences in position according to the status and subdividing the royal hierarchy for some increased. 궁궐 연향에서 방석은 다양한 위차에 배설되었으며 유형과 문양, 색상 등이 구분되어 배설된 것은 참여자와 왕실을 구분하기 위한 것이다. 방석은 전하의 정치적 위계를 확립하고 왕실 참여자의 등급을 더욱 구체적으로 구분하기 위한 기능을 수행하였다. 방석은 연향의 건축공간에서 왕실과 참여자의 위차를 세분화하여 구분하였으며, 연향 왕실 공간 구획에서 마지막 위차를 규정하고 왕실 위계를 세분화하였다. 조선후기 왕권과 왕실의 정치적 질서·의례적 명분, 유교적 위계질서를 지키며 신분 체제를 견고히 하고자 상징적으로 방석을 이용하였다.
석진영 대한건축학회 2024 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.40 No.7
등은 주변을 밝히기 위한 조명의 기능뿐만 아니라 야연의 의례적 기능이 있었으며, 연향 진행과정에서 현등과 낙등으로 의례의 시작과 종료를 알리는 매개체 기능을 했다. 종합적으로 조선후기 등은 궁궐에서 다양한 목적으로 배설되었다. 특히 성대하게 열리는 연향에서 등의 배설은 유형적 증가에서 수량증가, 밝은 등의 효과적 집중 배설과 간접조명을 추가하는 배설로 변화되었다. 조선후기 밤에 거행되는 야연에는 등이 필수적이었고 연향의 위계를 반영하여 배설되었다. 즉, 야연의 공간을 밝히고 잔치의 시작과 종료를 알리며 왕실의 위엄을 반영했다. The banquet held in the palace during the late Joseon Dynasty was held not only on the first day of the year but also at night. Taking thisaspect into consideration, etc. were prepared, and the analysis of changes by period is summarized as follows. The characteristic of changeover time is that in 1809, the lanterns of Gisajin Pyo-ri Jinchan mainly consisted of candlesticks, embossed lanterns, and Hongsa lanterns inlarge quantities. This is the early period when sheep-shaped lanterns appeared in rituals related to banquets. Starting with Mujajinjak in 1828,hanging lanterns and jochoks to announce the start of a banquet (night banquet) appear in Uigwe's doseoul, and long circular glass lanternsnewly appear at Gichukjinchan in 1829. In the 1848 Musin Jinchan, the physical number of lanterns placed in the banquet hall increased, theformat of the glass lanterns changed to a square shape, and four lanterns also appeared. The excrement of Mujinjinchan and others continuesuntil Mujinjinchan in 1868. In 1877, a new glass lantern, such as a glass yukwoohwa lantern, appeared at the Jeongchukjinchan ceremony,but it did not appear in later periods. Looking at the characteristics of the Jeongjeongchan in 1887 and the newly built Jinchan in 1901, thenumber of circular glass lanterns was increased and placed in the hall rather than embossed lanterns and four-colored lanterns. It is thoughtthat favorable lighting was concentrated in the brightness of the light. In 1902, Imin Jinyeon increased the number of all lanterns except forthe four lanterns, and the characteristic feature was that the number of large candlesticks, small candlesticks, and red candle lanterns, whichdid not change, increased, which is a characteristic of the Jinyeon(進宴), Yeonhyangs with many types and quantities are Musin Jinchan,Mujin Jinchan, and Jeongchuk Jinchan. Overall, the lanterns used in banquets changed from an increase in type to an increase in quantity,and from intensive lighting with effective lanterns to lighting with the addition of indirect lighting, and it is believed that lanterns were thekey to spatial lighting for banquets held at night in royal banquets.