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문성휘 중국학연구회 2023 중국학연구 Vol.- No.106
In March 1934, under the manipulation and support of Japanese imperialism, The Puppet State of Manchukuo "Ruling" Puyi ascended to the throne again, and the degree of colonization of northeast China was greatly deepened. In order to further strengthen the control of northeast China and Puyi and his minions, Puyi and his staff visited Japan in April 1935 and June 1940, with the collusion of the Kanto army, the Japanese government and The Puppet State of Manchukuo authorities. During in Japan, Puyi received warm reception and the highest courtesy from the Japanese royal family, the Japanese government and the people, satisfied the "emperor dream" for a long time. However, during the two trips, the Japanese side arranged Puyi to visit shrines and other Shinto nature places, even instructed Puyi to bring the symbol of the Japanese Emperor "Oyinyo" away to promote the "God-only Way" throughout The Puppet State of Manchukuo. Therefore, the Japanese planned Puyi to visit Japan, successfully whitewashed the so-called "intimate image" between the Japanese and The Puppet State of Manchukuo, promoted the reform of the ideological culture and spiritual beliefs of The Puppet State of Manchukuo. In the process, Puyi also has a more sober understanding of his own puppet nature.
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박찬규,문성휘 백산학회 2021 白山學報 Vol.- No.121
In this paper, the following conclusions were reached through re-discussion on the Goguryeo marquis ‘Chu’. The Goguryeo Marquis ‘Chu’, which appears in Chinese literature such as “Han History”, is a general of Goguryeo who succeeded the status of King of Bi’ryu state Da’mul marquis in Kim Bu-sik's “Samguk Sagi”. I first compiled the achievements of Chinese scholarship on the “Border Commanderies” in the southwestern region, which was set up during the Martial emperator of Han Dyrasty period, such as ‘Four Commandments of Han’. Based on this, the ruling method implemented by the Early Han Dynasty in the southwestern Border Commandery was interpreted as an indirect ruling method, the so-called “ruling according to old customs”, delegating local tribal chiefs to ‘kings’ and ‘marquis’. As an example, we analyzed Zhang-ke Commandery Gou-ding county marquis among the Border Commanderies in the southwestern region set up during the Martial estimator of Han Dyrasty. Such an attempt is thought to be helpful in considering the governance style implemented in Xuantu Commandery in the same period. Next, a literature analysis on the relationship between Xuantu Commandery Goguryo County and Goguryeo revealed that Xuantu Commandery was also taking a kind of indirect control by delegating county marquis to Goguryeo County and recognizing him as the head of Goguryeo society. And I assumed Goguryeo county marquis iss the King of Bi'ryu state centered on Yeon'no Tribe in “Samguk Sagi”. In conclusion, Goguryeo marquis ‘Chu’ was Xuantu Commandery Goguryo County marquis during the reign of Emperor Wang-mang, and was a general Yeon’bi of the Goguryeo Kingdom with the dual status of receiving the Yeon'no Tribe(Bi'ryu state). 본고에서는 고구려후 ‘騶’에 대한 재고를 통해, 『漢書』 등 중국문헌에 등장하는 고구려후 ‘추’는고구려의 縣候로서, 곧 김부식의 『삼국사기』에 수록된 비류국왕 多勿候 송양의 지위를 계승한 고구려 장수 延丕로 파악하였다. 필자는 우선 漢四郡과 동시대 前漢 武帝시기에 설치된 서남지역 ‘邊郡’에 대한 중국학계의 연구성과를 종합해, 전한이 서남변군지역 변군에서 시행한 지배방식을 현지 부족장들을 ‘왕’이나 ‘후’ 에 위임함으로써, 이른바 ‘옛 풍속에 따라 다스리’는 일종의 간접지배방식으로 이해하고, 그 일예로 한무제 시기 설치된 서남 변군 중의 牂牁郡 句町縣의 縣候(王)에 대해 살폈다. 이러한 시도가같은 시기 동북지역 변군인 현도군에서 시행한 지배방식을 고찰하는데 많은 도움이 될 것으로사료된다. 다음으로, 현도군 고구려현과 고구려와의 관계에 관한 문헌 기록 분석을 통해, 현도군 역시 고구려현에 현후를 위임하고, 그를 고구려 사회의 수장으로 인정함으로써, 일종의 간접지배방식을 취하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 고구려현의 현후를 『삼국사기』에 보이는 연노부를 중심으로 한 비류국왕으로 비정하였다. 결론적으로 고구려후 ‘추’는 왕망 시기 현도군 고구려현의 현후임과 동시에 고구려 연노부(비류국) 수장이라는 이중적 신분을 가진 사람이고 고구려국 장수 延丕 일 것이라는 추론을 도출하였다.
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