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세대 간 거주근접성과 부모의 정신 및 신체 건강 : 부모 연령, 성인자녀 성별의 조절효과분석
남보람,최희정 한국가족관계학회 2018 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Objectives: This study examined the effects of residential proximity to adult children on the mental and physical health of middle-aged and older parents. The study also evaluated whether the parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might moderate the association. Method: Data were drawn from five waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(2006-2014). The analytic sample consisted of 7,359 parents aged 45 or older who had at least one non-coresidential adult child aged 19 or older. The analyses were conducted by estimating a series of fixed effects models while adjusting for the nested structure of the data. Results: The results showed that first, a closer distance between an adult child and the parent was generally associated with the parent experiencing a decrease in depressive symptoms. Yet, the mental health benefit was smaller for parents aged 65 years or older whose closest living adult child was a son. Second, a closer distance was observed to affect chronic illness only among middle-aged parents (aged 45 to 64). When the closest living adult child was a daughter, the middle-aged parent experienced deterioration in their chronic illness. On the other hand, the opposite pattern was observed when the closest living adult child was a son. Conclusions: The parental age and gender of the adult child in closest proximity to the parent might have varying effects on parents’ health. A closer distance between an adult child and their parent has a positive impact on the mental health of the parent as a whole, whereas the effect of living closer was mixed in relation to the parental physical health.
상속재산 분할에서 배우자와 자녀의 기여분에 관한 판례 분석
남보람,이재림,최새은,Nam Bo-Ram,Lee Jaerim,Saeeun Choi 한국가족학회 2015 가족과 문화 Vol.27 No.2
이 연구의 목적은 기여분 제도가 어떻게 적용되어 왔는지 판례를 통하여 살펴보고 가족학적 관점에서 논의하는 것이다. 기여분 제도(민법 제1008의2)는 상속법에서 공동상속인 중에 피상속인을 특별히 부양하거나 피상속인의 재산의 유지 또는 증가에 특별히 기여한 사람의 기여분을 인정함으로써 공동상속인들 사이의 형평성을 도모하기 위한 제도이다. 기여분 제도는 1990년에 신설되었으며, 2005년에 ‘특별한 부양’을 명확하게 규정하기 위하여 부분 개정되었다. 이 연구에서는 기여분 관련 판례 총 17건에 대하여 판례 내 분석과 판례 간 분석을 실시하였다. 기여분 청구자는 배우자가 10건, 자녀가 10건으로 비슷하였으며, 3건은 배 우자와 자녀가 동시에 청구한 사건이었다. 청구인의 성별은 배우자 중에서는 부인의 기여분 청구가, 자녀 중에서는 아들의 기여분 청구가 더 많았다. 배우자가 기여분을 청구한 사건은 청구사유 미상인 1건을 제외하고 모두 재산상 기여를 주장하였으며 이 중 4건이 재산상의 특 별한 기여를 인정받았다. 배우자에 대한 특별한 부양이 인정된 판례는 드물어서, 2013년에 남편이 청구한 1건뿐이었다. 자녀가 기여분을 청구한 사건을 보면, 재산상 기여를 주장한 9건 중 3건이, 특별한 부양을 주장한 8건 중 3건이 특별한 기여로 인정을 받았다. 자녀가 제공한 부양이 특별한 부양으로 인정을 받기 위해서는 기간 면에서 장기간, 방법 면에서 경제적 지원 및 동거부양, 정도 면에서 자녀와 동등한 생활수준 유지가 이루어진 경우 기여분을 인정하는 경향이었다. 판례별 기여분 인정 또는 기각 사유를 살펴본 결과, 한국가족의 특성 이 판결에 영향을 미쳤을 가능성을 엿볼 수 있었다. 가족 부양에 대한 한국인들의 태도가 변화하고 있는 만큼 가족학 분야와 법학 분야의 소통을 통해서 재판상 ‘특별한’ 기여에 대한 논의가 활발해지기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to understand how the “contribution-based portion system” has been applied in judicial precedents in inheritance cases. The contribution-based portion system in South Korea, called the ki-yeo-boon system (Civil Law Article 1008: 2), was established to provide fair distribution among heirs by giving additional inheritance to the spouse or child who made a “special” contribution to building or maintaining the deceased’s assets or to caring for the deceased. This system was created in 1990 and was amended in 2005 to clarify what “special caregiving” means. In this study, we analyzed 17 judicial precedents that were related to the contribution-based portion and were available on precedent search databases. Out of the 17 precedents, seven were filed by the spouse only, seven were by the child only, and three were by the spouse and child simultaneously. In the cases where the sex of the claimant was known, 90% of the spouse cases were the deceased’s wife, and 80% of the child cases were the son. The courts rarely approved the spouse’s claim of special contribution to caregiving because spousal caregiving was considered a marital responsibility. However, a husband’s special contribution to caring for his wife was acknowledged in unlike the earlier cases. As for the child’s contribution to caregiving, the courts tended to acknowledge long-term care in terms of length of caregiving, financial and co-residential care in terms of the method of caregiving, and helping to maintain the same level of living standard as the child in terms of the extent of caregiving. As Korean’s attitudes toward financial support and caregiving among family members change, we suggest that family researchers and legal experts engage in more active discussions to better understand what the “special” contribution is and what it means in marital and parent-child relationships in contemporary Korean society.