조선후기 지방 관창의 운영사례(下) : 統營 內·外倉의 경우

김현구 부산대학교 사학회 1993 釜大史學 Vol.17 No.-

18ㆍ9세기 巨濟府의 海稅 運營과 民庫 : 18ㆍ9세기 거제부의 해세 운영과 민고

김현구 부산대학교 사학회 1995 釜大史學 Vol.19 No.-

중앙행정기관 주요정책과제평가의 분석적 논고

김현구 한국정책학회 2003 韓國政策學會報 Vol.12 No.4

「평가기본법」에 의한 정부업무평가 중 전형적인 기관평가 모형을 취하고 있는 것이 중앙행정기관평가이고, 중앙행정기관평가의 근간을 이루는 것이 주요정책과제평가이다. 이 글은 국무총리 정책평가위원회가 주관하는 주요정책과제평가의 제도적 운영을 분석하고 개선방안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 평가기관의 역량과 대상기관의 호응을 제도적으로 살펴본 다음, 주요정책과제평가의 추진과정을 평가준비, 평가실행, 결과처리의 3단계로 나누어 논의하였다. 평가준비 단계는 과제선정, 평가성검토, 평가계획의 순으로, 평가실행 단계는 평가운영, 평가기준, 평정방법을 중심으로, 결과처리 단계는 분석·정리, 보고·조치, 이행점검의 순으로 검토하였다. 주요정책과제평가의 실효성 제고를 위해서는 무엇보다 평가기관의 전문성 및 지원체계 강화, 기관별 우열 공표, 대상과제 수의 대폭 축소, 평가성검토의 강화, 평가기준의 다원화, 평가내용의 체계적 분석, 평가결과와 예산의 연계 등이 주요 개선과제라고 할 수 있다. The Major Policy Evaluation(MPE) is an annual assessment of the process of representative policies for 43 central agencies by the Policy Evaluation Committee (PEC) and the Office for Government Policy Coordination(OGPC) of the Prime Minister's Office in Korea. This article examines the MPE system dividing its procedure into three stages. The preparation stage focuses on the procedure of major policy selection, evaluability assessment, and evaluation plan. The execution stage analyzes operation, criteria, and methods of evaluation. The treatment stage deals with analysis, report and action, and monitoring. This study also sheds some light on the capacity of evaluator(PEC, OGPC) and cooperation of evaluated agencies from institutional aspects. For the improvement of MPE system, the author suggests various measures including enhancement of evaluator's expertise and supporting system, opening of evaluation grade by agency, reduction of evaiuated policies, intensification of evaluability assessment. diversification of evaluation criteria, and consideration of evaluation results in budget allocation.

Formation and Thermal Properties of Nanoscale Ti50Ni40Fe10 Produced by Mechanical Alloying

김현구 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.3

The formation and thermal stability of nanoscale Ti50Ni40Fe10 powder produced by mechanical alloying was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The composition of the alloys was determined using inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). Up to 300 h leads were milled to an almost broad diffraction hump near 2θ = 43.80°. The crystallite size, calculated using the Williamson-Hall and Scherrer methods, decreased with the milling time tm. The internal strain was about 3.19 × 10−3 for 30 h of milling. The entire mechanical alloying process can be divided into three stages: agglomeration (0 < tm ≤ 50 h), disintegration (50 < tm < 300 h), and homogenization (300 ≤ tm ≤ 400 h). The crystallite size and the saturation magnetization Ms reached values of about 2.4 nm and 5.4 emu/g at 300 h, respectively. The values of Tp and Tx were about 446.8 °C and 413.1 °C, respectively. In isothermal experiments, the signal decayed monotonically, demonstrating that the transformation process was partially a grain growth type. The peaks of NiTiO3, FeNi3, and TiO2, were observed in the XRD pattern after annealing at 1000 °C.

Formation and Thermal Stability of a Nanoscale Ti-Fe-Ni Powder Produced by Mechanical Alloying

김현구 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.11

A nanoscale Ti50Fe40Ni10 powder was formed by mechanical alloying, and its formation and thermal properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The composition of the alloy was determined by using inductivelycoupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP). After 400 h of milling (tm), an XRD peak indicating the body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) form was observed at 2 = 44.5. From the broadening of the peak, the crystallite size and the internal strain after 100 h of milling were 52.0 nm and 0.0087, respectively, as determined by using the Williamson-Hall and the Scherrer methods. The entire mechanical alloying process can be divided into three different stages: agglomeration (0 < tm 100 h), disintegration (100 h < tm 400 h), and homogenization (400 h tm 600 h). The saturation magnetization, Ms, of the powders before milling was 92.0 emu/g; this decreased to 53.6 emu/g with 600 h of milling. The temperature of the DSC curve peak, Tp, was 457.8 C. In the isothermal experiments, the signal decayed monotonically, demonstrating unambiguously that the transformation was a grain-growth-type process.

면/이동오염원 배출량 공간 할당방식에 대한 고찰

김현구 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

In the present study, space allocation methods of pollutant emission from area and mobile sources are assessed by the actual application to air quality modeling of Pohang area, It is found that the TM-based modeling which allocates emission onto the l㎞×l㎞ sized TM-grid system predicts almost the same mean ground-level concentration as that by the GIS-based modeling which uses geographical information of area and mobile sources directly, while maximum ground-level concentration by the TM-based modeling is predicted considerably lower than that by the GIS-based modeling, Moreover, the problem is found that the TM-based modeling causes deviation of mobile roads. In conclusion, it is anticipated to applying GIS-based modeling for a more accurate assessment of air quality in local scale.

생약재를 이용한 가공식품 및 생리활성 연구 현황

김현구 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1998 생명자원과 산업 Vol.2 No.-

1989-2018년 사상체질의학회지 게재논문들의 연구동향 분석

김현구,김상혁,이시우,Kim, Hyunkoo,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Lee, Siwoo 사상체질의학회 2020 사상체질의학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the research trends and major fields of Sasang Constitutional Medicine by analyzing the topics of papers contained in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from the first issue to 2018. Methods To classify the research themes of the paper, theory, Characteristics in Sasang Constitution(SC), Diagnosis in SC, Treatment in SC, etc. categories and subcategories were created. Two researchers reviewed the title, abstract, and text of the paper and classified them according to the category classification. In case of disagreement, the category was determined through discussion with one of the remaining researchers. Results & Conclusions A total of 1,169 papers published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from the first issue to 2018. The number of published papers has increased steadily since the first issue of the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and in 2008, the largest number of papers were published, but since then, the number of papers has gradually decreased. When classifying the categories of published papers according to research themes, the Theory field occupied a large portion in the early stages, but since then, the proportion has decreased steadily, and the number of publications has plummeted since 2012. On the other hand, in Treatment in SC field, its proportion has soared to account for about half of the papers since 2001. In Characteristics in SC and Diagnosis in SC fields, since the early 1990s, the number of publications has been consistently maintained.

액상청국장 추출물의 기능성에 대한 마이크로웨이브 최적 추출조건 예측

김현구,이보미,도정룡 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.11

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize extraction conditions in order to find the maximal functional properties of fluid Cheonggukjang. Based on central composite design, a study plan was established with variations of microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time. Regression analysis was applied to obtain a mathematical model. The maximum inhibitory of tyrosinase activity was found as 26.75% at the conditions of 30.56 W microwave power, 2.40 g/mL of ratio of solvent to sample content and 10.00 min extraction time, respectively. The maximum superoxide dismutase (SOD)like activity was 53.23% under the extraction conditions of 108.42 W, 4.38 g/mL and 7.84 min. Based on superimposition of three dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, inhibitory of tyrosinase activity and SODlike activity obtained under the various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were found to be microwave power of 55~75 W, ratio of solvent to sample content of 2~5 g/mL and extraction time of 3.5~15 min, respectively. 액상청국장의 추출공정별 청국장 추출물의 특성 비교 및 청국장의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고자 하였다. 용매로 물을 사용하여 추출한 액상청국장을 각각 마이크로웨이브 파워별(30, 60, 90, 120 및 150 W), 시간별(1, 5, 9, 13 및 17분)로 추출한 후 생리활성 실험을 수행하였을 때, 수율, 전자공여능, 아질산염 소거능, tyrosinase 저해작용, SOD 유사 활성 등의 생리활성 측정을 통해 추출 최적조건을 찾아내었다. 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 모니터링 한 결과, 액상청국장은 수율, tyrosinase 저해작용, SOD 유사활성이 일치하는 범위로 마이크로웨이브 파워 55~75 W, 시료에 대한 용매비 2~5 g/mL, 추출시간 3.5~15분으로 확인되었다. 예측결과에 의한 최적조건을 확인하기 위하여 예측된 최적조건 범위 내에서 임의의 조건을 대입하여 이화학적 특성을 예측해본 결과 액상 청국장에 대한 임의의 조건으로 시료에 대한 파워 60 W, 용매비 3.5 g/mL, 추출시간 13분을 설정한 후 액상 청국장에 대한 각각의 회귀식에 대입하여 얻은 예측된 최적값은 수율 24.99%, 전자공여능 75.42%, 아질산염 소거능 70.12%, tyrosinase 저해작용 15.69%, SOD 유사활성 36.16%로 실험값과 예측값 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

연기설에 대한 중관학파의 해석과 철학적 관점: 사회적 실재의 발현과 제약

김현구 금강대학교 불교문화연구소 2023 불교학 리뷰 Vol.33 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to proclaim the theory of dependent arising as a “mutual causality” accepted by the Mādhyamikas, with the process of social system emergence and constraint, and account for the “social reality” proposed by J. Searle as the concept of “designation by provisional naming”. According to Searle, the source of ‘status functions’ and ‘deontic powers’is revealed by social reality through the language used by its participants. However, assuming that social reality presupposes language, as he argues, he falls into the error of creating a circular argument due to the fact that language, as a means of communication, is also a social reality. Therefore, in order to overcome this circular argument it is necessary to explore a process of securing a status function, within a social system and social reality, based on the concept of ‘designation by provisional naming’, which is a metaphorical projection. Next, it is evident that deontic power, revealed through institutional fact, stems from cognitive competence, which is the longitudinal condition of the users of language. In fact, the Mādhyamikas are accused of being nihilistic with regard to axiology, by applying the emptiness of non-substantiality to all phenomena. This accusation of valueistic nihilism levelled against the Mādhyamikas is, however, based on the misapprehension that non-substantiality means relationships emerge from emptiness, and are therefore random. This randomness implies variability in which unpredictable variables can influence the phenomenon of existence. In actual fact, manifestation of phenomenon due to the interdependent relationship of non-substantial beings is the ultimate truth, and there is no chaos in the real world or in the area of value judgment. Therefore, this study reveals that if non-substantiality provides a space for the expansion of relationships, the concept of interdependence actually restricts relationship creation. It is therefore argued that non-substantiality and interdependence act as axes to stabilize social realities, revealing that the perspectives of the Mādhyamikas can solve philosophical issues. 본 연구의 주된 목적은 중관학파가 받아들인 ‘상호인과율’로서의 연기(緣起)설을 사회제도의 출현과 제약의 과정에 대입하여 설(J. Searle)이 제시한 ‘사회적 실재’를 해명하고, 중관학파의 관점이 철학적 현안을 해결할 수 있다는 점을 주장하는 것이다. 설은 사회적 실재가 드러내는 ‘위상기능’과 ‘의무력’을 행위자들이 사용하는 언어에서 그 원천을 찾고 있다. 하지만 그의 주장처럼 사회적 실재가 언어를 전제 한다고 가정하면, 의사소통의 수단으로서 언어 역시 사회적 실재라는 사실 때문에 순환논증의 오류에 빠지게 된다. 따라서 사회적 실재와 언어 사이의 순환성에서 벗어나기 위해, 먼저 하나의 사회제도가 사회적 실재로서 위상기능을 확보하는 과정을 은유적 사상인 ‘가설’(假說) 개념을 통해 해명한다. 다음으로 제도적 사실이 출현할 때 드러나는 의무력이 사용자들의 인지적 역량과 상호작용하면서 강화되거나 약해진다고 해명한다. 사실 중관학파는 모든 현상의 비실체성으로서의 공성을 주장하면서 가치론적 허무주의의 혐의를 받는다. 여기에서 중관학파가 받아 온 가치론적 허무주의의 혐의란 공성 즉 비실체성으로부터 모든 사태가 열린 관계를 지향할 수 있게 됨으로써 무작위적 관계 맺기에 노출되기 때문에 빚어진 오해이다. 이 무작위성은 예측 불가능한 변수가 존재 현상에 영향을 줄 수 있는 가변성을 함축한다. 하지만 비실체적 존재들의 상호의존적 관계에 의한 현상의 발현이 진실한 양상이기 때문에, 사실의 세계에서나 가치 판단의 영역에서는 혼란이 발생하지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비실체성이 관계들의 열린 확장의 장을 마련한다면 상호의존성이 오히려 관계 맺기를 제약하며, 이를 통해 사회적 실재들의 안정화를 도모하는 축으로 작용한다는 점을 주장한다.