역사적 사고력의 구성요소와 역사 수업의 발문

김한종 한국사회과교육연구회 1996 사회과교육 Vol.- No.29

이 논문은 역사적 사고력의 구성요소를 분석하고, 역사 수업의 발문을 이 요소들에 비추어 검토하는데 그 목적이 있다. 역사적 사고력은 크게 역사적 탐구기능과 역사적 상상력의 두 가지 영역으로 분류할 수 있으며, 역사적 탐구기능에는 다시 일반적 기능과 역사적 기능 으로 나눌 수 있다. 일반적 기능으로는 문제의 인지, 자료의 수집, 자료의 처리, 결론의 도출, 일반화 기능이 있으며, 역사적 기능으로는 역사적 개념의 사용, 역사적 자료의활용, 역사적 연구 방법의 수행 능력이 포함될 수 있다. 역사적 상상력 에는 삽입, 감정이입적 이해, 역사적 판단력 등이 있다. 역사 수업에 사용될 수 있는 질문의 형태에는 인지-기억 질문, 수렴적 질문, 확산적 질문, 평가적 질문이 있는데, 이 중 역사적 탐구기능은 수렴적 질문, 역사적 상상력은 확산적 질문과 관련이 많다. 그러나 실제의 수업 현장에서 역사적 사고력을 자극하기 위해서는 4가지 형태의 질문이 상호밀접한 관련을 가지고 연속적으로 이어지는 것이 바람직하다. 중,고등학교의 역사 수업을 분석해 본 결과 역사 교사는 학생들의 사고력을 자극하는 발문을 하는 경우는 거의 없었다. 교사가 원하는 문답의 과정을 기계적으로 반복하거나 단순한 사실 정보를 알고 있는지를 묻는 질문이 대부분이었다. 수렴적 질문 중에는 학생들의 이해 (번역)사고를 자극하는 질문을 종종 찾아볼 수 있는데, 이는 문제의 인지 능력을 기르는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 확산적 질문 중에는 감정이입적 이해를 자극하는 질문이 대표적이다. 하지만 그 밖의 수렴적 사고나 확산적 사고를 자극하는 질문은 거의 찾아보기 힘들다.

5 GHz대 IEEE 802.11a WLAN 시스템의 성능향상을 위한 블록터보코드(Block Turbo Code)의 응용

김한종,이병남 한국전자파학회 2004 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

In this paper we apply block turbo coding at the transmitter and iterative decoding algorithm at the receiver for different operating modes, based on the 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a WLAN system, instead of convolutional coding and soft decision viterbi algorithm to improve forward error correcting performance. Experimental results showed that each coding scheme outperforms coding gains of up to 3.5 dB at the BER of .

디지털 오디오 방송을 위한 터보부호의 응용

김한종 한국전자파학회 2002 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.13 No.2

디지털 오디오 방송(DAB) 시스템을 채널부호화 방범으로 부호화된 OFDM(COFDM) 방식을 채택하고 있다. COFDM은 다중 캐리어 변조(OFDM)와 펑쳐드 콘볼루션 부호기가 결합된 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 펑쳐드 콘볼루션 부호기와 연판정 비터비 복호기를 사용하는 기존의 COFDM DAB 시스템에서 부호율이 1/4 모체부호로부터 부호화 된 4비트 중 처음 한 비트는 펑쳐링되지 않고 언제나 전송된다는 사실에 근거하여 기존 COFDM DAB 시스템에서 정의된 펑쳐링 절차를 수정함이 없이 터보 부호를 적용한 TCOFDM DAB 시스템 모델을 제안한다. COFDM DAB 시스템에 터보 부호기를 적용하기 위해 유효 자유거리가 최대인 터보 부호기 및 복호기 구조를 제안하고 단일 주파수망(SFN) 방송 시스템 구성에 유리한 DAB 전송모드 1에 대해서 기존의 COFDM DAB 시스템과 제안된 TCOFDM DAB 시스템의 성능을 주파수 선택적 라이시안 페이딩 채널 및 주파수 선택적 레일레이 페이딩 채널 환경에서 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 비교, 분석한다. The digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system adopts Coded OFDM(COFDM) for channel coding. The COFDM is a combined technique of multicarrier transmission(OFDM) and punctured convolutional coding with viterbi error correction. Because the channel coding is an important topic for OFDM systems, this paper proposes a new turbo coded OFDM system that replaces the existing RCPC codec by a turbo codec without modifying the puncturing procedure and puncturing vectors defined in the standard DAB system for compatibility. The performance of a new system is compared to that of the conventional system under the frequency selective Rician fading channel and the frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel in conjunction with DAB transmission mode I suitable for the terrestrial single frequency network(SFN) broadcasting. The standard system's performance was improved with the aid of turbo codec.

북한의 일제통치기 인식과 교과서 서술

김한종 역사교육학회 2005 역사교육논집 Vol.34 No.-

The framework of South Korea's primary understanding about history in Japanese Occupation History is divided into Japanese colonial ruling policy and national liberation movement against it. The understanding of North Korea is the same of South Korea's one. The beginning of Japanese Occupation Period is not regarded as 1910 but early 1900 decade being deprived national rights in, for example Ulsa Treaty(乙巳條約). Japanese colonial ruling policy is progressed as military ruling, 'cultural administration' and obliterating Korean nation people period. But the exploitation of Japanese is written more vividly and concretely in North Korea's textbook than in South Korea's textbooks. Such writings in North Korea's textbooks intended to educate the mass of people on the basis of socialism. But North Korea's cognition and textbook content on Korea Nation Liberation movement against Japanese colonial ruling is quite different from South Korea's ones. North Korea thinks nation liberation movement of nationalist and socialist net relating Kim, Il Sung(金日成) as wrong, and emphasize its problems. North Korea's textbooks write that the anti-Japanese partisan movement under the command of Kim, Il Sung is the only right one. North Korea textbooks describe that the anti-Japanese partisan movement under the command of Kim, Il Sung is the foundation of North Korea government. Accordingly, the period of Japanese Occupation is thought not only as Japanese colonial ruling period but as the starting point of North Korea today. North Korea's history education divide the former as 'history', the latter 'revolution history'. Such compilation of history education makes the understanding of post 1930's Japanese ruling policy and national liberation movement difficult. There is not the dispute on clearing the vestiges of Japanese colonial ruling, because the matters is brought to the solution throughout the establishment of people's government and 'Democratic Reformation(民主改革)'. The structure of historical studies in North Korea, which suggest the only regulating and uniting interpretation not acknowledging alternatives, affects this view.

<한국근·현대사> 교과서 파동의 전말과 쟁점

김한종 부산대학교 효원사학회 2009 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.35

The violent debate on Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook took place throughout the second half of 2008 in Korea. Some conservative groups such as new right organizations and some economic organizations argued that the many contents of Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook should be revised because it has the inclination to the left. Ministry of Education, Science and Technology accepted their argument and set about the revision of the history textbook. Some office of educations forced high schools to change Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook published in Kumsung Publishing Co. Ltd to other one. As the result, serious conflicts between school master and history teachers happened to some schools. Many historians and history teachers opposed to the revision of Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the coercion of the history textbook selection by the office of education, arguing that the revision of textbook by the government organization destroyed the freedom of the academic and the self-control of the education. Authors refused to revise of the contents of the textbook according to the order of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. But Kumsung Publishing Co. Ltd, the publisher, revised the contents of the textbook without permission of authors as ones which Ministry of Education, Science and Technology ordered to revise as. And more than 330 high schools altered Gumsung Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook to other publishing one. As the result, the occupation ratio of Gumsung Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook became low from about 50% to about 30%. The most serious problem of the debate on Korean Modem and Contemporary History textbook is that the contents of the textbook are revised and the autonomic right of the author and the teacher are invaded by the political authority. It will possibly bring about the danger that the education should be subordinate to the political power. It will break down the official certification of textbook and hamper the pluralistic and creative historical perspective of students.

`87 국정방향과 지방행정 국토개발

김한종 대한지방행정공제회 1987 地方行政 Vol.36 No.399

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피아제의 인지발달론과 역사교육연구 - 피아제 이론의 적용을 둘러싼 논의를 중심으로 -

김한종 한국교원대학교 사회과학교육연구소 1995 社會科學敎育硏究 Vol.1 No.-

88 국정방향과 지방행정 국토개발

김한종 대한지방행정공제회 1988 地方行政 Vol.37 No.411

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이명박 정부의 역사인식과 역사교육정책

김한종 역사문제연구소 2011 역사비평 Vol.- No.101

History education has fallen into confusion in Lee Myung Park Government, and the dispute about history education continues until now. Lee Myung Park Government aim to throw his own historical awareness into school history education. Lee Myung Park Government and conservative scholars regard history since founding Republic of Korea 1948 as ‘history of miracle’. They think that main agents making ‘history of miracle’ are political leaders such as Rhee Syng Man and Park Chung Hee, and particularly respect Rhee Syng Man as ‘father of founding Republic of Korea’. They don’t have willingness to admit historical view and history textbook contents critical to such political leaders and their government. Compulsorily modifying Korean Modern and Contemporary History textbook contents and criticizing revised Korean History textbook as left leaning are its products. And Lee Myung Park Government reinforce certification of history textbook for the purpose of controling its contents and suppressing its authors’ resistance. Lee Myung Park Government has implemented history education policies focused on political judgment than intrinsic value of history. He aims to utilize history education as the instrument of integrating people under his policies. It is because policies on history education have been confused. National history curriculum has been revised every year during Lee Myung Park Government, and school history lesson has been weakened 2009, but Korean history shall be become mandatory subject in high school since 2012. This confusion makes teachers difficult to plan history lesson and pupils learn history systematically. Moreover, it is difficult to anticipate that the reinforcing policy of history education will be effective in school and history classroom.

권두언

김한종 대한지방행정공제회 1996 도시문제 Vol.31 No.334

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