연구논문 - Properties of Composites - : 주조 A356 Al - SiCp 복합재료의 파괴거동에 대한 공정 Si 입자의 영향

김영환,이성학,김낙준,이두영 ( Young Hwan Kim,Sung Hak Lee,Nack J . Kim,Doo Young Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1990 재료강도 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

설계 모델을 이용한 $UO_2$ 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 제작

김영환,윤지섭,정재후,홍동희,엄재법,Kim Young-Hwan,Yoon Ji-Sup,Jung Jae-Hoo,Hong Dong-Hee,Uhm Jae-Beop 한국방사성폐기물학회 2006 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.4 No.3

Vol-oxidizer is a device to convert $UO_2$ pellets into $U_3O_8$ powder and to feed a homogeneous powder into a Metal Conversion Reactor in the ACP(Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process). In this paper, we propose a design model of the vol-oxidizer, develop the new vol-oxidizer with a capacity of 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets, and conduct a verification for the device. Design considerations include the internal structure, the capacity, the heating position of the device, and the size. The dimensions of the new vol-oxidizer are decided by the design model. We determine a permeability test of the $U_3O_8$ measuring the temperature distribution, and the volume of $UO_2$ and $U_3O_8$. We manufactured the new vol-oxidizer for a 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets, and then analyzed the characteristics of the $U_3O_8$ powder for the verification. The experimental results show that the permeability of the $U_3O_8$ throughout mesh enhance more than old vol-oxidizer, the oxidation time takes only 8 hours when compared with the 13 hours of the old device, and the average distribution of particle size is $40{\mu}m$. The capacities of new vol-oxidizer for a 20 kg HM/batch in $UO_2$ pellets were agree well with the predictions of design model.

동해안 월성원전의 온배수 방출이 주변 해조군집에 미치는 영향

김영환,안중관,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ahn, Jung-Kwan 한국조류학회(藻類) 2006 ALGAE Vol.21 No.4

This study is intended to clarify the structure and seasonal dynamics of warm tolerant benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant on the East Coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2005. As a result, 43 species (6 blue-green, 8 green, 9 brown and 20 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past five years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to summer and less in autumn. Lyngbya confervoides and Enteromorpha compressa always occurred at the discharge canal during the past five years, and Oscillatoria brevis, Padina arborescens and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 2-659 g dry wt m?2 and dominant species in biomass were Caulacanthus ustulatus (contribution to a total biomass proportion 37%), Enteromorpha compressa (26%) and Padina arborescens (24%). Results showed that, in the floristic composition, the green algae occurred as common algal group at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant. In the quantitative aspect, however, the red algae such as Caulacanthus ustulatus and Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis appeared as predominant group at the discharge canal, in contrast to Kori nuclear power plant where there was a definite green algal dominance. Differences in algal communities developed at the discharge canals of three nuclear power plants on the East Coast of Korea can probably be related to local environmental factors.

연구논문 - Composite Materials - : Al - SiCw 복합재료의 파괴인성에 대한 미세조직의 영향

김영환,이성학,조경목 ( Young Hwan Kim,Sung Hak Lee,Kyung Mox Cho ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1991 재료강도 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

서해안 영광원자력발전소 주변의 해조식생

김영환,유종수 ( Young Hwan Kim,Jong Su Yoo ) 한국환경생물학회 1992 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Seasonal changes of species composition and biomass of marine algae were investigated during May 1986-February 1987, at the intertidal zone of Yonggwang nuclear power plant site and adjacent site, western coast of Korea. Total of sixty-eight species of marine algae, ten blue-green, nine green, thirteen brown and thirty-six red algae, were identified in the study. It showed rather poor marine algal vegetation in Yonggwang areas than adjacent site, Wolgok, as well as previous investigation during 1979-1980. Seasonal fluctuation of mean biomass were in the ranges of 12.67-103.66 g·dry wt/㎡ at Yonggwang areas. The dominant species in biomass were Sargassum thunbergii, Corallina pilulifera, Gelidium divaricatum and Enteromorpha compressa throughout the year.

복합재해 발생 예상 시 지방도로 중심의 재난 레질리언스 평가체계 구축

김영환,전계원,Kim, Young-Hwan,Jun, Kye-Won 한국방재안전학회 2020 한국방재안전학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.4

전 세계적으로 레질리언스의 중요성이 부각되고 있음에도 자연재해와 관련된 레질리언스의 단일정의는 명확하지 않은 실정이다. 그 이유는 레질리언스의 정의가 취약성, 복구, 적응력, 지속가능성과 같은 유사한 용어와 어떻게 관련되어 있는지에 대한 상관성에 대한 구체적인 정의가 없기 때문이다. 또한 국가와 지역마다 지형·지질학적 특성이 다르고 태풍과 가뭄, 지진의 재해종류가 다르듯 이에 대한 각각의 측정지표가 다르기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 레질리언스의 정의를 본 연구의 공간적인 특성을 반영하여 '지방도로 또는 인명이나 시설물이 인접해 있는 지방도로에서 발생하는 복합재해(집중호우, 산사태, 토석류)에 대한 복원능력으로 정의하고 이를 도로중심 재난 레질리언스(DRR : Disaster Resilience focusing on the Road)로 구분하였다. 또한 도로중심 재난 레질리언스 인자의 도출을 위해 국내·외 문헌조사를 실시하였고, DRR평가체계 구축을 위한 계층구조 설정 및 AHP설문조사를 실시하였다. AHP설문 분석결과 지방도로 내부에 위치하고 있는 도로재난 직접영향인자(배수시설, 방호시설 등)의 가중치는 0.742로 나타났고, 지방도로 인근에 위치하고 있는 도로재난 간접영향인자(인구, 재산 등)의 가중치는 0.258로 나타나 도로재난 직접영향인자가 간접영향인자보다 상대적으로 높게 분석되었다. Although the importance of resilience is emerging around the world, the single definition of resilience related to natural disasters is not clear. The reason for this is that there is no specific definition of how the definition of resilience relates to similar terms such as vulnerability, recovery, adaptability, and sustainability. In addition, it is because each country and region have different geographic and geological characteristics, and each measurement index is different, just as typhoons, droughts, and earthquakes have different types of disasters. Therefore, in this study, the definition of resilience is reflected in the spatial characteristics of this study as the ability to recover from'complex disasters (concentrated heavy rain, landslides, earth and stone flows) occurring on local roads or on local roads adjacent to people or facilities. Defined. And it was divided into DRR: Disaster Resilience focusing on the Road. In addition, domestic and foreign literature surveys were conducted to derive road-centered disaster resilience factors, and a hierarchical structure was established and AHP survey was conducted to establish a DRR evaluation system. As a result of the analysis of the AHP survey, the weight of direct road disaster influencing factors (drainage facilities, protection facilities, etc.) located inside local roads was 0.742, and the weight of indirect road disaster influencing factors (population, property, etc.) located near local roads. Was found to be 0.258, indicating that the direct impact factor of road disaster was relatively higher than that of the indirect impact factor.

용융전로(熔融轉爐)슬래그와 CaO펠렛의 상호반응(相互反應)에 미치는 $Al_{2}O_{3}$의 영향(影響)

김영환,고인용,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ko, In-Yong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.15 No.2

용융전로슬래그로부터 일반 포틀랜드 시멘트로의 전환에 관한 기초 연구의 일환으로, 전로슬래그의 $Al_{2}O_{3}$ 농도에 따를 고체 CaO 입자와 용융슬래그간의 계면반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 염기도($B=CaO/SiO_2$)를 1과 2로 조정한 전로슬래그에 소정의 $SiO_2$와 $5{\sim}15wt%\;Al_{2}O_{3}$를 첨가제로 첨가하여 MgO도가니에 넣고 $1500^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가열 용해하여 균질화 한 후, 같은 온도의 소결 CaO펠렛을 투입하여 $10{\sim}30$분간 반응시켰다. 반응 후 급냉한 시편을 도가니의 직경방항으로 절단해서 펠렛 단면의 CaO직경 변화를 측정하여 슬래그중 $Al_{2}O_{3}$첨가에 따른 CaO의 용해속도를 조사하고, 계면 생성층을 SEM/EDX로 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 슬래그의 염기도가 2인 경우, 염기도가 1인 경우 보다 생성층 $C_{3}S$상의 두께는 $Al_{2}O_{3}$를 15wt.%까지 첨가함에 따라 3.5배 증가하였으며, $C_{6}AF_{2}$ 또는 $C_{4}AF$양도 2배 정도 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. As a basic study on the conversion of molten converter slag to the ordinary portland cement, the effects of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ addition on the interface reaction between solid CaO and molten converter slag has been studied. Alumina added converter slag whose basicity was controlled to 1 and 2 was melted and hold for 30 minutes in MgO crucible at $1500^{\circ}C$. Then sintered CaO pellet heated at the same temperature was dipped into the molten slag and held for 30minutes. After the reaction, the crucible was cooled in air and the specimen was cut off to the horizontal direction of the crucible. The dissolution rate of CaO pellet with the addition of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ was measured by the change of the radius or sintered CaO pellet and the interface layer was observed by SEM/EDX. As a result. At the basicity 2 slag, thickness of created $C_{3}S$ layer increased 3.5 times and quantity of $C_{6}AF_{2}\;or\;C_{4}AF$ phase increase 2 times than baisicy 1 slag.

동해안 3개 원전 배수로 해조군집의 생태적 특성

김영환,안중관,Kim, Young-Hwan,Ahn, Jung-Kwan 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.3

The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canals of three (Gori, Wolseong and Uljin) nuclear power plants on the east coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 1992 to October 2000. As a result, 103-107 species of marine algae were found at the discharge canals during the past nine years. In general, algal communities established at the discharge canals were less diverse than those at the intake canals and control sites. 43 species (6 blue-green, 9 green, 10 brown and 18 red algae) of marine algae occurred more than 1/6 frequency and thus can be categorized as warm tolerant species. Among these, two green (Urospora penicilliformis, Cladophora albida), four brown (Sphacelaria divaricata, S. rigidula, Sargassum coreanum, S. fulvellum) and four red algae (Stylonema alsidii, Bangia atropurpurea, Hypnea charoides, Chondria crassicaulis) are recorded as warm tolerant marine algae for the first time in Korea during this study. Enteromorpha compressa, Padina arborescens, Amphiroa zonata and Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis were common species found more than 50% frequency at the discharge canals of all three nuclear power plants investigated. Dominant species in biomass were Padina arborescens and Amphiroa zonata. Results showed that, as a whole, the red algae appeared as predominant algal group at the discharge canals of all three nuclear power plants on the east coast of Korea. However, the biomass proportion of dominant algae at the discharge canals of each nuclear power plant varied over the year during the past nine years.

전기로 공정에서 슬래그 중 산화철의 환원 회수에 관한 연구

김영환,유정민,Kim, Young-Hwan,Yoo, Jung-Min 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2016 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.25 No.4

전기로 공정에서 슬래그는 Fe를 약 20 ~ 35 wt.% 함유한 채로 슬래그 포트로 배출되어 냉각되고 있다. 슬래그 배출 전에 환원하여 용강으로 회수한다면 제강회수율을 향상할 수 있으며, 슬래그 배출량을 감소할 수 있다. 일반적으로 전기로 공정에서는 슬래그 포밍과 (FetO)의 환원제로 카본계의 환원제가 활용되고 있다. 본 실험은 Metal을 유도용해로에 용해한 후 슬래그와 환원제로 흑연분탄과 저가의 Al dross powder를 Pellet으로 투입하여 (FetO)의 환원 회수와 복인(復燐)에 대한 영향성을 조사하였다. 실험결과 Al dross에 의한 환원 회수율은 흑연분탄에 비해 2.5배 이상의 효과를 나타내었으며, 복인(復燐)에 대한 영향은 50 ppm 이하로 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. EAF processed slag which contains about 20 ~ 35 weight percent FetO is poured to slag pot and cooled. If we recover Fe from molten slag by the reduction, we will improve steel yield rate and reduce slag quantity poured from the furnace. Usually, carbon is used as a reductant and slag foaming agent in the EAF process. In this experiment, after melt the metal in induction furnace and then add slag with carbon and Al dross powder as a reductant, we investigated the reduction of FetO from slag and change of Phophorus content. As the result, when we use Al dross as a reductant, recovery rate is two times more than carbon. Phosphorus pick up is less than 50ppm with reduction of EAF slag.

전기로 연소탑 하단에 포집되는 분진의 특성 연구

김영환,유정민,Kim, Young-Hwan,Yoo, Jung-Min 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2017 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.26 No.5

전기로 제강 공정에서 분진은 제강생산량의 1 ~ 2%가 발생하고 있으며, 분진 중에는 유가금속인 Zn과 Fe가 20 ~ 30% 정도 함유되어 있다. 전기로 배가스에 포함된 분진은 전기로 출구 덕트를 빠져나와 배가스를 완전연소하기 위한 연소탑과 냉각을 위한 냉각탑을 거쳐 Bag filter에 포집된다. 연소탑 하단에서 비중 차이에 의해 포집되는 분진은 전체 발생량의 15%에 해당하며 기존 Bag filter 분진보다 고가로 위탁처리 되고 있다. 본 연구는 연소탑 하단에 포집되는 분진의 유가금속 분리 회수에 대한 연구로서, 전기로 조업 시점과 분진의 입도에 따른 성분을 분석하여 유가금속의 함량 차이를 비교하였다. 본 연구 결과 전기로 조업 시점에 따른 영향 보다는 입도에 따라 Zn과 Fe의 함량에 큰 차이를 보였다. During steelmaking on EAF, 1 ~ 2% of dust is generated. EAF Dust contains 20 ~ 30% of Zn and Fe. Dust contained in Off-gas is passed through combustion tower and cooling tower, and then captured in bag filter. About 15 wt.% of dust is dropped at the bottom of Combustion tower by its specific gravity, which was also carried out to recycle company with more higher charge than Bag filter dust. This study is focused on the combustion tower dust, and seperation as a function of operation period and particle size. As a result, Zn and Fe content of dust is more affected by size factor than operation period.