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김영서 영상영어교육학회 2007 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.8 No.1
It has been 30years since TOEIC(Test of English for International Communication) is used to measure English skills of people working in an international environment. But it has not changed at all. It is still based on the structuralist, behaviorist model of language learning and testing that informed discrete-point testing. What is more, little is understood about the interpretation of the result. This research attempted two things. First attempt is made to estimate the reliability of two main language skills: listening and reading with 7 sub-skills; Photographs, question response, short conversations, short talks, incomplete sentences, error recognition, reading comprehension. Second attempt is to validate the 7 measuring part depending on the major study, time span of English learning, and language level. As the result of the study expository short talk part showed significant difference out of 7 measuring areas.
헐셀을 통한 보조 양극의 바이폴라 현상에 의한 음극의 전류밀도 분포 개선 영향성 연구
김영서,정연수,신한균,김정한,이효종 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2023 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The possibility of improving plating thickness distribution was investigated through quantitative consideration of bipolar electrodes without external power applied. By having the cathode tilted with respect to the anode, the potential distribution in the electrolyte solution adjacent to the cathode is different due to the difference in iR drop due to the path difference to the anode in each region of the cathode. The purpose of this study is to observe the bipolar characteristics in the case of an auxiliary anode for the non-uniform potential distribution of such a Hull cell. In particular, in order to evaluate the possibility of improving the non-uniform thickness distribution of the cathode by utilizing these bipolar characteristics, it was verified through experiments and simulations, and the electric potential and current density distribution around the bipolar electrode were analyzed. The electroplating in a Hull cell was performed for 75 min at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, and the average thickness is about 16 μm. The standard deviation of the thickness was 10 μm in the normal Hull cell without using the auxiliary anode, whereas it was 3.5 μm in the case of using the auxiliary cathode. Simulation calculations also showed 8.9 μm and 3.3 μm for each condition, and it was found that the consistency between the experimental and simulation results was relatively high, and the thickness distribution could be improved through using the auxiliary anode by the bipolar phenomenon. 외부로부터 전원이 인가되지 않은 바이폴라 전극의 정량적 고찰을 통해 도금 두께 산포 개선의 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 헐셀은 양극에 대해 기울어진 음극을 가짐으로써, 음극의 각 영역에서 양극에 대한 경로차에 의한 iR drop 의 차이로 음극 근처의 전해액에서는 전위 분포가 다르게 되어 한눈에 다양한 반응 과전압에서의 전기화학적 반응성을평가할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 헐셀의 불균일한 전위분포에 대해 보조 양극이 있는 경우에 바이폴라 특성을 관찰하고자 하였다. 특히 이러한 바이폴라 특성을 활용하여 음극의 불균일 두께 산포를 개선할 수 있는 가능성을 평가하기 위해, 실험 및 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였으며, 이를 통해 바이폴라가 형성된 주변의 전위 및 전류밀도 분포를 분석해 보았다. 10 mA/cm2 전류밀도로 75분동안 도금을 진행하여, 평균 두께가 약 16 μm로 도금을 진행하였다. 보조 양극을 사용하지 않은 일반 헐셀에서는 두께의 표준 편차가 10 μm인 반면에 보조 양극을 사용한 경우에는 3.5 μm로 나타났다. 시뮬레이션 계산에서도 8.9 μm와 3.3 μm로 나타났으며, 비교적 실험결과와 시뮬레이션 결과의 정합성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 보조 양극을 통해 외부에서 전원 인가를 하지 않더라도 바이폴라 현상에 의해 두께 산포가 개선될 수 있음을알 수 있었다.
김영서,이학승 대한평형의학회 2022 Research in Vestibular Science Vol.21 No.3
Vestibular migraine (VM) is a variant of migraine resulting in vestibular symp-toms in addition to symptoms typical of migraine. However, without a biomarker or a complete understanding of the pathophysiology, VM remains underrecognized and underdiagnosed. Therefore, the diagnosis of VM is still challenging. Mean-while, VM should be clearly differentiated from other similar diseases. Here, we highlight these challenges, discuss common vestibular symptoms and clinical pre-sentations in VM, and review the current aspects of its clinical diagnosis and evalu-ation. The concepts related to the treatment of VM are also discussed.