김수환 작품연구 : 자연소재를 조형언어로 창조하는 과정연구(본인작품을 중심으로)

김수환 한남대학교 사회문화·행정복지대학원 2016 국내석사

폴리(에틸 아크릴레이트) 아이오노머의 기계적 성질과 형태학

金秀桓 조선대학교 2003 국내석사

Ionomers are ion-containing polymers that have a relatively small amount of ionic groups along polymer backbone chains. Since their first appearance ca. 38 years ago, ionomers have been studied extensively because they exhibit unique physical properties owing to the ionic interaction. It has been well known that ionic groups in ionomers tend to aggregates, since they are in a matrix of dielectric constant, thus forming ionic aggregates, so-called multiplets. The rigidity of the multiplets depends on the strength of the ionic interactions between ionic groups, and the mobility of chains surrounding the multiplet is reduced. When the multiplets are sufficiently dense so that the regions of restricted mobility surrounding each multiplet overlap, there by larger regions of restricted mobility, so-called clusters, from. The cluster regions show their own T_gs, i.e. cluster T_g, which is higher than the T_g of matrix phase. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of poly(ethyl acrylate) ionomers by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. This thies consists of five chapters. In the first chapter as an introduction section, the history and general characteristics of ionomers are presented. the second chapter is glass transition temperatures of poly(ethyl acrylate) ionomers neutralized with various cations were explored in terms of ion content and the type of cations. In that section, it was found that the matrix T_gs increased linearly with increasing ion content, and that the type of cations did not change the matrix T_gs. On one hand, in the plots of the cluster T_gs vs. cq/a, it was observed that the T_gs were superimposed on the one line. In addition, the small-angle x-ray study showed that with increasing the radius of cation the distance between scattering centers increased.Thus it was postulated that the restricted mobility layer became thickr slightly with increasing the size of a cation. In the third chapter is effects of two ionic groups in an ionic repeat unit on the properites and morphology of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-itaconate) ionomers was investigated. It was found that the P(EA-co-ITA) ionomers are much more well-clustered material, compared to corresponding polystyrene ionomers. Which allow the ITA units to from a number of multiplets, leading high clustering. It was also found that the difference between the matrix and cluster T_gs is in the range of ca. 170 - 180 ℃. In the last fourth chapter, the degree of neutralization of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-acrylate) ionomers were investigated using DMTA.

옻나무 부위별 성분과 종실의 항산화활성에 관한 연구

김수환 순천대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Rhus verniciflua (R. verniciflua ) is one of six species of lacquer trees in Korea. Among the parts of R. verniciflua, only bark and xylem have been used as food materials because little information about chemical components of the other parts was known. This study was conducted to compare chemical components in different parts of R. verniciflua and to evaluate antioxidant potentials of ethanol extracts from the seed. The proximate composition, mineral components, urushiol, total polyphenol, and total flavonoids were compared in different parts of R. verniciflua . And antioxidant substances in the ethanol extracts from the seed of R. verniciflua were isolated by chromatographic separation. The antioxidant activity of the separated fractions were also compared. The results were as follows. 1. The contents of crude protein in the leaf and shoot of R. verniciflua were higher than those of stem and seed. The crude fiber contents in the stem and seed were higher than the other part of R. verniciflua . The nitrogen free extracts in the parts of R verniciflua were ranged from 16.75% to 42.70%. 2. Among the mineral components in R. verniciflua , the content of potassium was the highest, followed by magnesium, sodium, iron, and manganese. 3. The content of urushiol in the shoots of R. verniciflua was th highest by 2680.05 mg%, followed by leaf(2086.37 mg%), stem (2174.71 mg%), and seed (7.47mg%), the lowest. 4. The contents of total polyphenols in the shoots of R. verniciflua was the highest by 413.14 mg GAE/g, followed by leaf (63.80 mg GAE/g), stem (73.36 mg GAE/g), and seed (55.63 mg GAE/g). 5. The content of total flavonoids in shoots of R. verniciflua was the highest by 177.80 mg QE/g, followed by leaf (163.78 mg QE/g), seed (53.96 mg QE/g), and stem (51.62 mg QE/g). 6. In the assay of antioxidant activities according to ethanol concentration, 50% ethanol was determined as an appropriate extracting solvent. 7. In the result of cytotoxic assay, all treatments of 50% ethanol extracts from Rhus verniciflua did not show cytotoxic activities in a time and dose-dependent manner. 8. Among the solvent partitions of 50% ethanol extracts from R. verniciflua , the ethyl acetate portion showed the highest antioxidant activity. Eleven fractions were obtained from the ethyl acetate portion using silica-gel chromatography. Among them, fraction number(Fr) from 2 to 7 showed high antioxidant activities. Among nine sub-fractions separated from the Fr 2-7, sub-number 4 showed the highest antioxidant activity. 9. The purified 3 fractions were obtained from the sub-number 4 and peak No.2 showed the highest antioxidant activity. The purified compound of peak No.2 was identified as fisetin by the results of 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and LC-MS.

초.중등학생들의 수학적 문화형성을 위한 교수/학습 모형 개발연구/d김수환 著

김수환 한국교원대학교 1996 국내박사

다중 위상 서브샘플링을 이용한 넓은 동작 범위의 위상 검출 기술

김수환 경북대학교대학원 2021 국내석사

With ever-increasing demands for low-noise and high-frequency clock signal generation, subsampling phase-locked loops (SSPLLs) have attracted a great deal of research efforts recently. Although SSPLLs have good phase-noise characteristics, they suffer from poor locking stability, which is mainly due to the limited linear range of subsampling phase detectors. In practical situations where digital noise and power/ground disturbance are high, the accumulated jitter may increase well beyond the detection range of the phase detector making the SSPLL lose locking. In this thesis, a multi-phase subsampling phase detector has been proposed. The proposed phase detector extends the linear range by subsampling the multi-phase signals of a VCO and combining them in the current domain by means of a charge pump. Through simulations, it is shown that the SSPLL with the proposed multi-phase subsampling phase detector is able to maintain the locking state even when the VCO phase noise is as high as –72dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from 1-GHz while the SSPLL with the conventional single-phase subsampling phase detector loses locking. 낮은 위상 잡음의 높은 주파수 클럭 신호 생성 요구에 따라, 최근 서브샘플링 위상동기루프 회로(SSPLL)에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. SSPLL은 우수한 위상 잡음 특성을 획득할 수 있으나, 서브샘플링 위상 검출기(SSPD)의 제한된 선형 전달 특성에 의해 락킹 안정성(Locking Stability)이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 전압제어발진기(VCO)의 다중 위상을 동시에 서브샘플링하는 방식으로 넓은 범위의 위상 오차에 대해 선형 전달 특성을 확보하여, 기존의 단일 위상 서브샘플링 위상동기루프 회로(SP-SSPLL)보다 우수한 락킹 안정성을 보이는 다중 위상 서브샘플링 위상동기루프 회로(MP-SSPLL)를 제안한다.

로뜨만 기호학에 있어서 텍스트 이론의 진화

김수환 서울대학교 대학원 1998 국내석사

대학생의 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음이 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향 : 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과

김수환 한양대학교 상담심리대학원 2020 국내석사

본 연구에서는 대학생들을 대상으로 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음이 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이 과정에서 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과와 순차적 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 수도권에 소재한 학교에 재학중인 4년제 대학을 중심으로 대학생 339명을 대상으로(여 220명, 남 119명) 온∙오프라인에서 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요 변인들을 측정하기 위하여 김은하 외 4명(2017)이 타당화한 한국어판 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음 척도(Belief in a Just World Scale: K-BJWS)와, 김은영(2001)이 개발하고 타당화한 한국 대학생 진로탐색장애검사(KCBI), 이기학과 이학주(2000)가 번안한 진로결정 자기효능감 단축형 척도, 그리고 강유리(2006)가 수정 보완한 CMI(Conell Mdeical Index)를 사용하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음은 지각된 진로장벽과 취업스트레스에는 부적인 상관을, 진로결정 자기효능감에는 정적인 상관을 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음과 취업스트레스와의 관계에서 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감의 부분매개효과는 모두 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음은 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감에 영향을 주는 것으로 취업스트레스에 영향을 부분적으로 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 진로장벽은 진로결정 자기효능감에 부적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음과 취업스트레스와의 관계에서 미치는 영향을 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감의 순차매개효과는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음은 지각된 진로장벽에 영향을 미치고, 이는 진로결정 자기효능감을 거쳐 궁극적으로 취업스트레스에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는, 취업스트레스를 호소하는 내담자를 상담하는 장면에서 내담자를 이해하기 위하여 과거의 정당한 보상을 받았던 경험을 탐색하는 것과, 그 경험으로 인해 세상에 대한 정당성에 어떤 영향을 미쳤으며, 현실적인 어려움을 제대로 지각하고 있는지 혹은 왜곡하여 지각하고 있는 점은 없는지 확인하는 것이 내담자를 이해하는 것에 유의미한 도움이 될 수 있다는 점과 이를 수정하는 것으로 취업스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 국내에서 아직 미비한 정당한 세상에 대한 개인적인 믿음을 진로과제 중 하나인 취업에 적용한 연구를 진행하였다는 점과, 지각된 진로장벽과 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과와 이들의 순차매개효과를 검증하여 연구의 영역을 확장했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

중환자실에서 신대치요법이 급성신부전 중환자 예후에 미치는 영향

김수환 연세대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

연구배경 : 적절한 신대치요법에도 불구하고 급성 신부전증으로 중환자실에 입실하여 치료 받은 환자의 사망률은 약 70%에 이른다. 중환자실에서 흔히 사용되는 신대치요법으로는 간헐적 혈액투석요법(intermittent hemodialysis : IHD)과 지속적 신대치요법(continuous renal replacement therapy : CRRT)이 있으며, 신대치요법을 급성 신부전 환자에게 시행한 결과는 서로 상이하게 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 저자는 신대치요법에 따른 급성 신부전 중환자 예후에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년부터 2002년 7월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 부속 세브란스병원 제 1, 2 중환자실 및 심장혈관병원 심장내과 중환자실에서 급성 신부전증으로 진단 받고 치료 받은 15세 이상의 환자 373명을 대상으로 후향적으로 진료기록을 검토하였다. 급성 신부전 환자를 신대치요법을 시행받지 않은 환자군과 신대치요법을 시행받은 환자군으로 나누었으며, 신대치요법을 시행받은 환자는 간헐적 혈액투석요법과 지속적 신대치요법을 시행받은 군으로 나누어 조사하였다. 급성 신부전 환자의 예후에 영향을 주는 인자로 나이, 성별, 입원시 주 진단명, 급성 신부전증의 발병 원인, 신대치요법 시행 유무, 신대치요법 종류, 급성 신부전증 발병후 신대치요법 시행까지의 경과 시간, 신대치요법의 시행기간, APACHE II score, 환기 보조 여부 및 기간, 혈압상승제 사용 빈도, 장기 부전 기관 수, 중환자실내 사망률, 병원내 사망률, 치료 효과, 신대치요법 시행시 핍뇨증 유무 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 급성 신부전증 환자의 중환자실내 사망률과 병원내 사망률은 각각 58.9%와 63.4%이었고, 신기능 회복율은 37.0%이었다. 급성신부전증 환자의 생존 및 예후에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 최고 혈중 크레아티닌 수치, APACHE II score, 환기 보조 필요성, 사용한 혈압상승제 빈도, 장기 부전 기관 수, 신대치요법 시행시의 핍뇨증 유무가 예후에 유의하게 영향을 주었다(p<0.001)(Table 1). 신대치요법을 시행받지 않은 군과 시행받은 군의 사망률은 45.2%와 74.4%이었고, 신기능 회복율은 59%와 36%로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001)(Table 1). 지속적 신대치요법을 시행받은 군에서 APACHE II score, 장기 부전 기관 수, 사용한 혈압상승제 빈도, 환기보조, 신대치요법 시행시 핍뇨증 여부가 간헐적 혈액투석법을 시행받은 군보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001)(Table 4). 신대치요법의 치료효과에서는 지속적 신대치요법을 시행 받은 군에서는 사망률이 86.8%, 신기능 회복율이 9.8%이었으며, 간헐적 혈액투석요법을 시행받은 군에서는 사망률이 42.2%, 신기능 회복율이 63.0%로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001)(Table 5). 결 론 : 급성 신부전 환자에 대한 신대치요법중, 간헐적 혈액투석요법을 시행받은 군이 지속적 신대치요법을 시행받은 군보다 사망률이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며, 신기능 회복율은 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 이는 간헐적 혈액투석요법 시행군과 지속적 신대치요법의 시행군의 기존 질환으로 인한 중등도의 차이로 생각된다. Background : Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit is associated with an in-hospital mortality rate of 70%. Even with proper treatment, mortality rate associated with ARF remains distressingly high. The worldwide standard for renal replacement therapy is intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has recently emerged as an alternative modality. The aim of this study was to find the influence of renal replacement of therapy on outcomes in critically ill patients with ARF. Furthermore, as controversy exists regarding the choice of dialytic modality, the effects of CRRT and IHD were also compared. Objects and methods : Retrospectively collected data of 373 adult patients treated under the diagnosis of ARF in the ICUs(medical, surgical, and coronary care unit) at Yonsei University Medical Center between January 1, 1998 and July 31, 2002 were studied. Patients with ARF were divided into two groups depending on their need for renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement therapy group was subdivided into IHD and CRRT group. Factors associated with prognosis of ARF patients were age, sex, main diagnosis, etiology of ARF, need for renal replacement therapy, dialytic modality, duration of renal replacement therapy, APACHE II score, ventilator support, duration of ventilator care, ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, renal function recovery rate, and oliguria during renal replacement therapy. Results : ICU and in-hospital mortality in ARF patients were 58.9% and 63.4%, respectively. Renal function recovery rate was 37.0%. Peak creatinine level, APACHE II score, ventilator support, vasopressors, number of organ failures and oliguria during RRT were significantly associated with prognosis(p<0.001)(Table 1). There was significant difference in the mortality between renal replacement group and non-renal replacement group (74.4% vs. 45.2%, p<0.001)(Table 1). Renal function recovery rate of renal replacement group was lower compared to that of non-renal replacement group (36 % vs. 59%, p<0.001). APACHE II score, ventilator support, vasopressors, number of organ failure, and oliguria during RRT were higher in CRRT group than in IHD group (p<0.001)(Table 4). CRRT group was associated with higher mortality rate (CRRT 86.2% vs. IHD 42.2%) and low renal function recovery rate (CRRT 9.8% vs. IHD 63.0%, p<0.001)(Table 5). Conclusion : Although the result of this study implies that IHD is associated with better survival and better renal recovery, the preferred use of CRRT in severely ill patients with an unstable circulatory system must be reminded. Thus this result was biased by the severity of the underlying disease, which strongly influenced final outcome. Further study must be carried out with well divided subgroups depending on their disease severity.

친교로서의 교회 이해 : 교황 베네딕토 16세와 발터 카스퍼의 친교 교회론 비교

김수환 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

This study sets out to examine the communion ecclesiology of Pope Benedict XVI and Cardinal Walter Kasper and compare them around relations between the Universal Church and the Local Church based on the church as communion understood at the Second Vatican Council. This thesis consists of four chapters in total. Chapter One deals with the overall understanding of communion and the way that it is understood at the Second Vatican Council. Chapters Two and Three focuses on two theologians’ opinions about the church as communion. Chapter Two examines the theology of Pope Benedict XVI and sheds light on the church as communion in the way that he understood it. Chapter Three explores Cardinal Walter Kasper's theology and addresses the church as communion in the way that he understood it. And Chapter Four compares the Universal Church and the Local Church in their relations as a major controversy between the two theologians in the understanding of the church as communion. As it is understood in the Documents of the Second Vatican Council, communion is a concept that can display the essence of the church best. Looking back on today’s church, however, one can realize that the right understanding of communion dealt with at the council is not established yet. Its understanding should be preceded by the overall understanding of communion. Communion understood at the council has two meanings. One is communion between God and people based on the communion of the Triune God, and the other is communion among people that are in accord based on their communion with God. These two meanings are distinguished, but they are one that is inseparable. The council understood that communion is a concept with real effects in the church domain and that it is revealed through the unity of the Triune God and the unity of people gathering in it. The council expected that all the members of the church would understand communion as the essence of the church and live a life of the Trinitarian communion. Communion understood at the council became a basis for communion ecclesiology affirmed by Pope Benedict XVI and Cardinal Walter Kasper. These two theologians understood communion as the essence of the church. Pope Benedict XVI comprehended that the church would become Sacrament as a sign and means of salvation through communion and offered his opinions about relations between the Universal Church and the Local Church. That is, the Universal Church is in and outside the Local Church, but it is not a simple group or sum of the Local Churches. He argues that the Universal Church should come before the Local Church chronologically and ontologically based on the Bible and tradition. Walter Kasper regards communion itself as a mystery and emphasizes that the role of the church should be Sacrament to show the communion of the Triune God more clearly. As for his opinions about the Universal Church and the Local Church, he maintains that the Universal Church exists within the Local Churches, is comprised of them, and is active and present within them. These findings show that the two theologians have different opinions about communion that they understood as the essence of the church. Their differences are particularly prominent in preexistence and episcopal ministry in relations between the Universal Church and the Local Church. The specific form that both of them were convinced of and agreed upon was the Eucharist. In other words, communion understood at the council becomes the essence of the church based on the communion of the Triune God, and all members of the church are connected and united within the Eucharist. As Walter Kasper suggested, there should be a clear understanding and practice of communion in the church so that communion can be accepted right today. This study emphasizes a need for all the members of the church to understand communion clearly first. Based on the clear understanding of communion, all the members of the church will hopefully restore communion as the essence of the church understood at the council and fully live the meanings of communion.

폐암 진단을 위한 특이적 타겟으로서의 막단백질 ATP1A1

김수환 한양대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, due to lack of early diagnosis and effective treatment. Majority of lung cancer patients find out their symptoms in the later cancer stages, making it too late for treatment. By this reason, developing an early diagnostic method for lung cancer is essential and holds a great promise in treating lung cancer effectively. We thought that targeting membrane protein that shows specificity to lung cancer is the key to diagnosis lung cancer effectively. In our previous research ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha 1 (ATP1A1) became a candidate for a possible biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of human lung cancer. In this experiment, we verified the possibility of ATP1A1 as a potential target of human lung cancer and examined the anti-tumor effect of anti-ATP1A1 to the human lung cancer cells. Additionally, we have tried to develop a diagnostic method using exosomes, which are secreted from all types of cells, derived from cell culture media, lung cancer xenograft mouse model serum, and human patient serum. The presence of exosomes in the samples were identified by western blot analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Our results show that ATP1A1 in the exosome is detectable and is specific to the lung cancers. As a result, we insist that ATP1A1 is a potential biomarker for lung cancer and can be used for antibody-based diagnostics. Moreover, we show the possibility of antibody-based diagnostic method using membrane protein ATP1A1 in the exosomes to diagnosis lung cancer effectively.