發起人의 계약에 관한 연구

김병학 한국상사법학회 1986 商事法硏究 Vol.4 No.-

개화기 국어교육적 문화운동 연구

김병학 한국언어문학회 1982 한국언어문학 Vol.21 No.-

피조개, Scapharca broughtonii 부착치패의 중간양성시 보호망 형태와 유실방지망 종류에 따른 성장과 생존

김병학,신윤경,박기열,최낙중,오봉세,민병희 한국패류학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.24 No.2

Growth and survival of the spat of arkshell, Scapharca broughtonii were investigated for the improvement of survival in intermediate culture with different shape of protective net and type of preventive net of spat loss. The growth performance of the spat of arkshell was observed for 60 days by using different forms of protective net, as the exposure form with an average shell length of 12.8±3.2 ㎜ (P<0.05), the fish pot form with 12.2±3.5 ㎜, the cylinder form with 11.9±3.8 ㎜ and the last one is the rectangular form with 10.9±3.7 ㎜. Their numerical value did not show any marked difference with each other. But in case of survival rate, the fish pot form showed highest survival rate which is 43.7% and the significantly lowest was showed by the exposure form, which is 5.4% (P<0.05). The cylinder form and rectangular form showed 41.2 and 31.6% respectively. And then the growth of the spat of arkshell was observed for 163 days by rearing in a sort of preventive net, the first group was in a blackout curtain with average shell length of 13.9±3.1 ㎜, the next group was in a balsam pear net with 12.9±3.0 ㎜, in a polyethylene net with 11.8±3.1 ㎜ and the control with 12.6±3.3 ㎜ which was not installed by preventive net of spat loss. The survival rate was 91.5% in a blackout curtain, 90.1% in a polyethylene net, 88.5% in a balsam pear net and 61.5% in a controlled group. It is seen that the highest growth and survival rate were observed in a fish pot form and cylinder form. These results were a little bit difference from those of the spat of arkshell cultured in the form of different preventive nets. There was no significant difference in survival rate in relation to the sorts of preventive net against carrying-away, but there was a difference in survival rate by more than 30% as against the non-installed controlled group. We expect that survival rate would be highly improved in intermediate culture carried out with fish pot form and cylinder form of protective net and preventive net of spat loss. Growth and survival of the spat of arkshell, Scapharca broughtonii were investigated for the improvement of survival in intermediate culture with different shape of protective net and type of preventive net of spat loss. The growth performance of the spat of arkshell was observed for 60 days by using different forms of protective net, as the exposure form with an average shell length of 12.8±3.2 ㎜ (P<0.05), the fish pot form with 12.2±3.5 ㎜, the cylinder form with 11.9±3.8 ㎜ and the last one is the rectangular form with 10.9±3.7 ㎜. Their numerical value did not show any marked difference with each other. But in case of survival rate, the fish pot form showed highest survival rate which is 43.7% and the significantly lowest was showed by the exposure form, which is 5.4% (P<0.05). The cylinder form and rectangular form showed 41.2 and 31.6% respectively. And then the growth of the spat of arkshell was observed for 163 days by rearing in a sort of preventive net, the first group was in a blackout curtain with average shell length of 13.9±3.1 ㎜, the next group was in a balsam pear net with 12.9±3.0 ㎜, in a polyethylene net with 11.8±3.1 ㎜ and the control with 12.6±3.3 ㎜ which was not installed by preventive net of spat loss. The survival rate was 91.5% in a blackout curtain, 90.1% in a polyethylene net, 88.5% in a balsam pear net and 61.5% in a controlled group. It is seen that the highest growth and survival rate were observed in a fish pot form and cylinder form. These results were a little bit difference from those of the spat of arkshell cultured in the form of different preventive nets. There was no significant difference in survival rate in relation to the sorts of preventive net against carrying-away, but there was a difference in survival rate by more than 30% as against the non-installed controlled group. We expect that survival rate would be highly improved in intermediate culture carried out with fish pot form and cylinder form of protective net and preventive net of spat loss.

말백합, Meretrix petechiails (LAMARCK) 초기치패의 사육방법별 성장 및 생존

김병학,조기채,지영주,변순규,김민철 한국패류학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.27 No.2

To establish technical development for artificial seed production, growth and survival for early young spats of the hard clam, Meretrix petechialis, were investigated by breeding methods. Adult clams were collected at Hasa-ri, Baeksu-eup, Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do on July 13, 2010, and then transported to the indoor aquarium at the laboratory. Eggs which were taken from mother clams, were inseminated, and after they were fertilized in the aquarium, 60 million bottom-clinging spats (198 ± 12 μm in shell length) were produced and bred. The breeding experiments were carried out from July 16 to October 4, 2010 for 80 days. The methods of sand box, sand bottom circulation filter, inclosing net, floor were used for the breeding experiments, and the experimental condition of sea water temperature for larvae were at 25, 28, 31, 34℃. Four marine cultured food organisms were used for this study as follows: Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis tetrathele. According to the experimental conditions, experimental groups of the spats in the early stage were investigated the growth rate and the survival. As the result, the method of the inclosing net section was the fastest (grew up to 2.64 ± 0.59 μm in shell length), followed by sandbox (2.59 ± 0.64 μm, bottom circulating filter (2.56 ± 0.52 μm), and floor (2.52 ± 0.56 μm). The survival was the highest in the experimental condition of sandbox (35.9%), followed by floor (34.6%), bottom circulating filter (29.5%), and inclosing net (9.3%). Eexperimental condition of water temperature of 34℃ showed the fastest growth rate (grew up to 2.70 ± 0.76 μm in shell length), and showed the latest growth rate (grew up to 2.45 ± 0.41 μm in shell length) at 25℃. The survival (%) was the highest under the water temperature conditions at 31℃, and showed the lowest (14.2%) at 34.℃. The growth rate of the experimental group fed the mixture live food was the fastest with shell length 2.52 ± 0.66 μm, and that of experimental group fed P. tricornutum showed the latest (grew up to 2.29 ± 0.43 μm in shell length). The survival was the highest (36.9%) under the experiment condition fed mixture live food and experimental group fed T. tetrathele showed the lowest rate (16.2%). 실험에 사용한 어미는 2010년 7월 13일 전남 영광군 백수면 하사리에서 채집된 어미를 수송하여 채란을 하였다. 실험에사용된 초기치패는 수정란으로 부터 3일간 유생사육 한 착저치패 (각장 198 ± 12 μm) 6,000만 마리를 사용하였고, 기간은 2010년 7월 16일부터 10월 4일까지 80일간 실험하였다사육방법은 모래상자식, 저면여과식, 가두리식, 바닥식으로하였고, 수온별 사육실험은 수온을 25, 28, 31, 34℃로 하였다. 먹이생물 종류에 따른 초기치패의 사육실험은 Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis tetrathele를 단독으로 공급한 시험구와 4종을 혼합하여 공급한 실험구로 각각 성장과 생존율을 조사 하였다. 초기치패의 사육방법별 시험 결과, 성장은 가두리 실험구가각장 2.64 ± 0.59 μm로 가장 빨랐고, 모래상자 실험구가 각장 2.59 ± 0.64 μm, 저면순환여과 실험구가 각장 2.56 ±0.52 μm, 바닥 실험구가 각장 2.52 ± 0.56 μm 순이었다. 생존율은 모래상자 실험구가 35.9%로 가장 높았고, 바닥 실험구 34.6%, 저면순환여과 실험구 29.5%, 가두리 실험구 9.3%순으로 나타났다. 수온별 초기치패의 성장은 34℃ 실험구가 각장 2.70 ±0.76 μm로 가장 빨랐고 31℃ 실험구 각장 2.69 ± 0.43 μm, 28℃ 실험구 각장 2.66 ± 0.39 μm, 25℃ 실험구 각장2.45 ± 0.41 μm 순으로 수온이 높을수록 빠른 성장을 나타내었다. 생존율은 수온 31℃ 실험구가 38.2%로 가장 높았고,수온 28℃ 실험구 36.8%, 수온 25℃ 실험구 24.7%, 수온 34℃ 실험구 14.2% 순으로 나타났다. 먹이생물 공급에 따른 성장은 혼합공급 실험구가 각장 2.52± 0.66 μm로 가장 빨랐고 I. galbana 실험구 각장 2.47 ±0.45 μm, C. gracilis 실험구 각장 2.36 ± 0.39 μm, T. tetrathele 실험구 각장 2.32 ± 0.76 μm, P. tricornutum 각장 2.29 ± 0.43 μm순이었다. 생존율은 혼합 실험구가36.9%로 가장 높았고, I. galbana 실험구 32.4%, C. gracilis 실험구 28.5%, P. tricornutum 실험구 18.4%, T. tetrathele 16.2%순으로 나타났다.

피조개, Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck) 어미의 수온에 따른 성 성숙 유도

김병학,민광식,이승주,박기열,안철민,민병희 한국패류학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.22 No.2

仮処分命令の取消しと間接強制金の不当利得に関する手続法的考察

김병학 한국민사소송법학회 2015 民事訴訟 : 韓國民事訴訟法學會誌 Vol.19 No.2

In the field of indirect enforcement systems, debates on the interpretation of the “substitutability” theory in the reception of laws have taken place in the past. These focused on considerations of the process of drafting indirect enforcement in France (astreinte) and civil procedures in Germany, and many discussions related to enforcement methods have taken place―such as the abstract prohibition of nuisances or prohibition of infringement of intellectual property rights. In recent years, legal revisions and research on the expansion of “combined use” and application range have also been accompanied by close attention being paid to the expansion of situations in which indirect enforcement functions. The authors have, in this paper, taken the Japanese Supreme Court decision of April 24, 2009, as material to present a fundamental consideration focused on the presence and absence of retroactive effects of provisional disposition orders and cancellations of indirect enforcement decisions, legal characteristics of indirect enforcement fines, and location of legal factors behind profiteering in indirect enforcement fines in civil preservation procedures. Based on the results of the above research, as their research theme for the next stage, the authors wish to systematically arrange redress methods from the perspective of civil procedure law at the present time, when cases of infringement of new kinds of personal rights appear, and to present the theoretical grounds concerning the flexible operation of indirect enforcement and execution by “substitution (simultaneously and in parallel)” as keys to the interpretation of Article 173―a new regulation under the Civil Execution Act of Japan. In so doing, the objectives of the comparative method are astreinte in France and the execution law in the U.S., with priority given to the theoretical state of Korean law, which is in the same legal family, with the means of order of German law (Ordnungsmittel), which is the parent of Korean law.

On Special conformally flat spaces with warped product metrics

김병학,이상덕,최진혁,이영옥 한국전산응용수학회 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.1

In 1973, B. Y. Chen and K. Yano introduced the special conformally 리at space for the generalization of a subprojective space. The typical example is a canal hypersurface of a Euclidean space. In this paper, we study the conditions for the base space B to be special conformally flat in the conharmonically 리at warped product space B^n × _fR^1. Moreover, we study the special conformally 리at warped product space B^n × _fF^p and characterize the geometric structure of B^n × _fF^p.

피조개, Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck) 인공치패의 크기 및 환경조건이 잠입에 미치는 영향

김병학,신윤경,최낙중,오봉세,손상규,정춘구,손태선,강경호 한국패류학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.23 No.1

The influence of individual size, sediment, gain size, water temperature, salinity and air exposure on burrowing rate was investigated in order to obtain the basic biological data on applying shellfish farm for sustainable production of ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck). The burrowing rate on Individual size was at its highest with 97.7% in shell length 16.3 ± 1.2 mm after passing 300 minutes from starting experiment, 97.0% in 12.8 ± 0.8 mm, 96.7% in 9.2 ± 1.0 mm and 96.3% in 5.9 ± 0.7 mm, the burrowing rate was more than shell length 6 mm and was not related to an individual size. The burrowing rate on the kind of grain at the bottom after 300 minutes, was the highest with 98.3% in the mixture of sand and silt with a ratio of 75:25 percent, and 98% in silt (100%), 97.3% in mixture sand and silt with a ratio of 50:50 percent, 97.3% in sand and silt ratio of 25:75 percent, and 86.3% in sand (100%) in this specific order. On grain size of the soil in the seafloor, the burrowing rates after 300 minutes was at its highest in the group of sand in pore size 1 mm with 85.0%, and the 12 μm to 1 mm in the grain size was fitted to burrowing of artificial seed. In the case of water temperature, the burrowing rates after 300 minutes was at its highest in 30℃ with 96.7% and 90.0% in 25℃ and 20℃, and decreased as water temperature was decreasing below 15℃. The burrowing rates on salinity were the highest in 30 psu with 93.3%, but there was no noticeable change in the burrowing rate at 15 psu or lower salinity. On air exposure, the burrowing rates after 300 minutes were the highest in 1 hour with 93.3%, and remarkably decreased as air exposure time is longer after 12 hours of air exposure. 본 연구는 피조개 양식 산업의 지속적인 생산을 위해 양식현장에 바로 응용할 수 있는 기초 연구로서 인공치패를 대상으로 치패의 크기별, 저질 종류 및 입자 크기, 그리고 수온, 염분 및 공기노출에 따른 잠입 능력을 조사 하였다. 피조개 치패의 크기에 따른 잠입 실험 결과 실험 개시 후 300분 경과 후 각장 16.3 ± 1.2 mm에서 97.7%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 각장 12.8 ± 0.8 mm에서 97.0%, 각장 9.2 ± 1 mm에서 96.7%, 각장 5.9 ± 0.7 mm에서 96.3%로 치패의 크기에는 상관없이 각장 약 6 mm 이상이면 잠입이 가능하였다. 저질종류에 따른 잠입 실험 결과 실험 개시 300분 경과 후에는 잠입률이 모래 (75%) + 뻘 (25%) 에서 98.3%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 뻘 (100%) 에서 98.0%, 모래 (50%) + 뻘 (50%) 에서 97.3%, 모래 (25%) + 뻘 (75%) 에서 97.3%, 모래 (100%) 에서 86.3%순으로 나타났다. 입자크기에 따른 잠입 실험 결과는 실험 개시 300분 경과 후 잠입률이 1 mm 모래에서 85.0%로 가장 높았고, 12 μm 뻘에서 83.0%, 2 mm 모래에서 75.7%, 3 mm 모래에서 75.0%, 4 mm 모래에서 72.5%순으로 입자크기는 1 mm 및 12 μm 뻘이 잠입에 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 공기노출 시간에 따른 잠입 실험 결과는 실험 개시 300분 경과 후 1시간 노출구가 93.3%로 가장 높았고, 3시간 노출구 86.7%, 6시간 노출구 86.7%, 9시간 노출구 80.0%, 12시간 노출구 36.7%, 18시간 노출구 33.3% 및 24시간 노출구 30.0%로 노출시간이 길수록 잠입률이 낮았다. 수온에 따른 잠입 실험 결과는 실험 개시 300분 경과 후 30℃에서 96.7%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 25℃에서 90.0%, 20℃에서 90.0%, 15℃에서 73.3%, 10℃에서 63.3% 및 5℃에서 56.7%로 수온이 30℃ 이내에서는 높을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 염분에 따른 잠입 실험 결과는 실험 개시 300분 경과 후 염분 30 psu에서 93.3%로 가장 높았고, 35 psu에서 90.0%, 25 psu에서 83.3%, 20 psu에서 60.0%, 15 psu 이하에서는 거의 잠입이 이루어 지지 않았다. 따라서, 적정 살포를 위한 잠입률은 치패의 크기와 상관없이 저질종류는 모래 (75%) + 뻘 (25%), 입자크기는 1 mm 모래에서 높게 나타났다. 공기 중 노출시간은 짧을수록, 수온은 30℃ 이내에서 높을수록, 염분은 20-35 psu이내에서 높을수록 잠입률이 높은 경향을 나타내었다.감사의 글본 연구는 국립수산과학원의 수산시험연구과제인 패류양식산업안정화연구 (RP-2006-AQ-030) 의 일부로 수행되었습니다.

망명지에서 피어난 희곡문학의 에델바이스

김병학 천년의시작 2010 (계간)시작 Vol.9 No.4

영양상태, 운동상태와 골밀도의 상관관계

김병학,정민훈,조승진,최상철,배경림 한국건강관리협회 1998 건협 Report Vol.1 No.-