Vinyl naphthalenes과 styrene의 양이온 공중합에 있어서 vinyl naphthalenes의 반응성에 관한 연구

김덕원 부산대학교 1980 論文集: 自然科學篇 Vol.29 No.-

의료용 Laser

김덕원 한국광학회 1990 한국광학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Characteristics and applications of three major types of lasers are discussed. They are chemical-metabolic, thermal destructive, and nonthermal mechanical lasers. The thermal destructive lasers ($CO_2$, Argon, and Nd:YAG) are especially explained in detail with regard to energy density, wavelength, fluence, stage of thermal destruction, and advantages of laser surgery. Excimer and Q-swiched lasers are discussed as nonthermal mechanical ones. Delivery system, optical fiber and articulated arm, is also discussed. Finally, recent advancements of medical laser are included in the conclusion.

신라 上代 교육활동의 諸樣相 -國學 설립의 이해를 위한 前提-

김덕원 국민대학교 한국학연구소 2010 한국학논총 Vol.34 No.-

Presumably Silla enforced education using letters since the early state of its foundation, and formulated diplomatic relations using documents with neighboring countries staring the 2nd century. In the 3rd century, it seriously began citing the contents in Chinese classical books, there emerged a new class of ‘scholars(士)’, and with subsequent expansion of foreign relations in ‘Maripgan Era(麻立干期)’, many sorts of books including Chinese history books and Confucian scriptures were inherited. Since the introduction of Buddhism to Silla, many scriptures were transmitted. Based on them, new intellectuals appeared, which might have been connected to the expansion of new powers expressed as ‘scholars(士)’ at the middle ancient period. The new influence called ‘scholars(士)’ might have been a class having common characteristics residing at the local area as a whole, and accepting advanced Chinese civilization like Confucianism and Buddhism. They evolved to a power called ‘national scholar(國士)’, formed a close relation with Hwarangdo(花郞徒), and developed a vigorous activity in the process of Silla unifying the three nations. ‘Scholars(士)’ mights have entered into document administrative officials, and acted as the scribing officials(書人) drawing up the epitaph of a monument. This phenomenon extended to the drafting of diplomatic documents which made Wonkwang(圓光) influence setting-up of Sangmunsa(詳文師) taking exclusive charge of diplomatic documents, connected to Kangsu(强首) taking on the drafting diplomatic documents in the age of King Jinpyeong(眞平王). With the distribution of Confucian scriptures in Silla, it recognized the need of organized educational institutions after the appearance of ‘scholars(士)’ digging deeply into that, finally came to establish Kukhak(國學). 신라는 건국 초기부터 문자를 사용하였을 것으로 추정되며, 또 2세기부터 주변 국가와 문서를 사용하는 외교관계를 형성하였다. 그리고 3세기에는 본격적으로 중국의 典籍에 있는 내용들을 인용하고, 새롭게 ‘선비[士]’의 계층이 나타나고 있는데, 이것은 유교와 관련된 교육이 체계적으로 이루어지기 시작하였음을 의미하는 것이다. 그리고 이른바 ‘麻立干期’에는 대외관계가 확대되면서 중국의 史書와 유교 經典을 비롯한 여러 종류의 書籍들이 보급되었고, 불교가 전래된 이후에도 여러 가지의 경전들이 보급되었다. 이것을 바탕으로 새로운 지식인으로 등장하였고, 이러한 현상은 이후 中古期에 ‘선비[士]’로 표현되는 새로운 부류들이 확대되는 것과 연결되었을 것이다. ‘선비[士]’로 표현되는 새로운 세력들은 대체로 중앙과 지방에 거주하면서 문자를 사용하고 유교와 불교 등 선진적인 중국의 문물을 수용하였던 계층이었을 것이다. 이들은 國士로 표현되는 세력으로 발전하여 花郞徒와 밀접한 관련을 맺으며 신라가 삼국을 통일하는 과정에서 활발한 활동을 수행하였을 것으로 보인다. 强首의 스승[師]은 아마도 지방에 거주하면서 문자를 사용하고 유교와 불교 등 선진적인 중국의 문물을 수용하였던 ‘선비[士]’였을 것이다. 그리고 당시 신라에서는 지방에 거주하면서 유교 경전에 능통하여 그 지역의 교육을 주도할 수 있을 정도의 ‘선비[士]’가 다수 존재하였을 것이다. ‘선비[士]’들은 문서행정과 관련된 관직에 진출하였을 것이고, 碑의 비문을 작성하는 書人 등으로 활동하였을 것이다. 이러한 현상은 外交文書의 작성으로까지 발전하여 진평왕대에 외교문서를 전담하여 작성하는 詳文師를 설치하는데 圓光이 영향을 주었으며, 이것은 삼국통일 과정에서 외교문서를 전담하여 작성하였던 强首에게로 이어졌다. 이와 같이 신라는 유교 경전의 보급이 확대되면서 이것을 섭렵한 ‘선비[士]’들이 등장한 이후에 진평왕대에는 외교문서를 전담하여 작성하는 상문사를 설치하였다. 이러한 것을 바탕으로 신라는 인재를 양성하고 관리를 선발하기 위해서 체계적인 교육기관의 필요성을 인식하였을 것이고, 이것은 결국 國學을 설립하는 결과로 나타나게 되었다.

Bacillus sp.의 생장과 인 제거능에 대한 단일 및 2종 혼합 중금속의 독성 평가

김덕원,박지수,오은지,유진,김덕현,정근욱 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.11

In this study, the effects of single and binary heavy metals toxicity on the growth and phosphorus removal ability of Bacillus sp.. known as be a phosphorus-removing microorganism, were quantitatively evaluated. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni were used as heavy metals. As a result of analysis of variance of the half of inhibition concentration and half of effective concentration for each single heavy metal treatment group, the inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. And the inhibitory effect on phosphorus removal by Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. When analyzing the correlation between growth inhibition and phosphorus removal efficiency of a single heavy metal treatment group, a negative correlation was found (R2 = 0.815), and a positive correlation was found when the correlation between IC50 and EC50 was analyzed (R2 = 0.959). In all binary heavy metal treatment groups, the interaction was an antagonistic effect when evaluated using the additive toxicity index method. This paper is considered to be basic data on the toxic effects of heavy metals when phosphorus is removed using phosphorus removal microorganisms in wastewater.

임피던스 혈량측정법을 이용한 손가락 혈류량의 측정 ( Development of Impedance Plethysmography and Measurement of Digital Blood Flow )

김덕원,송철규,김원기,이명호 대한전자공학회 1991 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1991 No.5

임피던스 카디오그래피

김덕원 대한마취과학회 1989 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.22 No.5

석회화 건염

김덕원 대한견주관절의학회 2010 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

임피던스 심장기록법

김덕원 대한전기학회 1988 전기의 세계 Vol.37 No.7

新羅 眞智王代의 政局運營

김덕원 이화사학연구소 2003 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.30

After ascending the Hone, King Jinji(眞智王) got to face the biggest political crisis due to the death of his supporting power Geochilboo(居柒夫) and Kim, Moo-ryuk(金武力) and the threat of Dongyungye(銅輪系) standing face to face with him. In this condition, King Jinji may ye independently tried to administer political situation. However, on the other hand he may have strongly coped with the incursion of Baekje(百濟) externally and tried to promote the alliance wit new power internally. What attract our attention in King Jinji attempting the political consolidation with a new power was Misirang(未尸郎) and Jinjasa(眞慈師). King Jinji had an intention to pick out a talent called Misirang, absorb him into a political power, which was deeply related to Buddhism(佛敎). And another power was Saryangboo(沙梁部). Deciding to independently operating political situation King Jinji may have made his way through the unfavorably developing circumstances by the political consolidation with Dohwanyeo(桃花女) Group of Saryangboo. However, this effort of king Jinji ended in a failure, and he was dethroned for the reason of 'Politics is chaotic and impure(政亂荒음)' by kookin(國人) supporting Baekjeong(白淨) of Dongryungye. Likewise, the tate of Dohwanyeo and Bihyungrang(鼻荊郞) is thought to ye to do with the operation of political situation in the reign of King Jinji and the content of 'Politics is chaotic and impure' is not the result of the personal character of King Jinji but the expression of unstable political situation by the threat of then Dongryungye Power, in other words the symbolization of King Jinji's awareness of political crisis.

트래드밀 운동시 임피던스 심장기록법을 이용한 심박출량의 측정

김덕원,송철규 대한의용생체공학회 1989 의공학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Measurement of cardiac output during exercise by noninvasive technique is very needed in the area of sports medicine. However there are only two noninvasive techniques, one of which is $CO_2$ subscript rebreathing technique and the other one is impedance cardiography. While $CO_2$ rebreathing technique needs special breathing and metablic steady state, impedance cardiography has motion Uiiau problem. In this study maior sources of the mothion artifact during treadmill exercise was found experimentally to. be the impact caused by each step on the treadmill. Thus special shoes to reduce the impact were developed. These are the shoes with silicon rubber and hard sponge attached to the soles. It was possible to measure cardiac output with the newly developed shoes for Burke protocol whose speed of the treadmill was constant 3.5 miles/hour while it was impossibel with the conventional exercise shoes.