닭의 NRAMP-1 유전자 내 변이의 경제형질과의 연관성 분석

공홍식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.6

NRAMP-1 (Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1) plays a role in restriction of microbe replication in macrophages. It is involved in the genetic control of Salmonella spp. load in chicken spleen. NRAMP-1 gene is located on chromosome 17. This study was performed to investi gate the effect of a NRAMP-1 SNP (C3229T) on the economic traits in Rhode Island Red (RIR). C3229T changed amino acid from serine to phenylalanine. Statistical analyses revealed that the C3229T polymorphism in the PLTP gene were significantly associated with average body weight at 150 days in RIR (P < 0.05). Therefore, NRAMP-1 SNP (C3229T) will be useful for the genetic improvement of body weight in chicken as well health trait. 닭의 7번 염색체에 위치하고 있는 NRAMP-1(Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1) 유전자는 면역 반응에서 작용하는 유전자로서 대식세포의 초기 활성화 과정에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 유전자의 변이에 따라 살모넬라균에 감염되었을 시에 비장의 변화에 영향을 주는 것으로 보고되어져 있다. 본 연구는 3개의 품종(로드아일랜드 레드, 코니쉬, 재래닭)을 대상으로 유전자 변이 지역 중 하나인 C3229T 지역의 유전자형을 확인하고, 경제형질간의 연관성을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석결과 C3229T 지역은 변이에 의해 Serine에서 phenyl-alanine으로 변하는 missence mutation으로 확인 되었으며, 로드아일랜드 레드에서 변이지역과 경제형질간의 연관성 분석 결과 150일령 체중에서 유의적인 연관성이 확인 되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 확인된 C3229T 지역의 SNP를 활용하여 추후 닭의 선발 및 육종을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Functional in silico analysis of a non-synonymous SNP located in the coding region of the FASN gene in Korean native cattle

공홍식,이윤석 한국동물유전육종학회 2023 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Bovine fatty acid synthase, an enzyme encoded by the FASN gene in cattle, is a multi-enzyme protein that catalyses fatty acid synthesis. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of palmitate from acetylcoenzyme A and malonyl-coenzyme A in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). However, there is no previous verification study that each allele of SNPs related to lipid synthesis were impact on protein function in Korean native cattle and nsSNPs for the FASN gene have not yet been verified by computer analysis. Given the role of the FASN gene in beef quality traits in cattle, the study aimed to use computational analysis to narrow down the candidate nsSNPs for FASN that may affect protein structure and/or function, which may play an important role in lipid synthesis. These results predicted that the g.16039 T>C nsSNP at position R1957Y of FASN was functionally 'Deleterious' and 'PROBABLY DAMAGING' in non-synonymous SNP functional analysis, and the g.16039 T>C and g.17924 A>G nsSNPs at positions R1957Y and T2266A decrease the stability of a FASN protein and have two PTM sites for proteolytic cleavage and amidation. In addition, the R1957Y and T2266A variants of FASN were shown to have a direct effect on altering the protein structure. Therefore, we suggested that our results could be used as fundamental data for further studies related to functional verification of nsSNPs based on bovine cells.

로보캅.원더우먼 보다 더 열심히 뛰는 축산물등급판정사

공홍식,Gong, Hong-Sik 축산물품질평가원 2005 KAPE누리 Vol.147 No.-

한우 산유량에 미치는 Mitochondrial DNA D-loop영역의 염기서열 변이효과

공홍식,오재돈,임현진,이학교,전광주,윤두학,전기준,최재관,최연호,조병욱 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Identification of microRNA and target gene associated with marbling score in Korean cattle (Hanwoo)

공홍식,성지연,윤효정 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.6

Marbling is a crucial characteristic in meat quality assessment. In the search for a genetic basis of meat quality, a large number of gene analyses seeking to find loci for a marbling trait have already been reported. However, the influence of microRNA (miRNA) on expression patterns and their ultimate influence on marbling is poorly understood. To better understand posttranscriptional influences on marbling, we applied a microarray analysis to measure the relationship between marbling scores and miRNA and messenger RNA expression in Hanwoo longissimus muscle tissue. Our results build correlations between miRNAs and differentially expressed genes and pathways. Our microarray analysis identified 763 genes and 11 miRNAs that are differentially expressed relative to marbling score. Overall, upregulated miRNAs were associated with downregulated genes. Fifteen genes targeted by miRNAs including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and kruppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), which regulate fatty acid synthase and lipid metabolism. And the expression levels of KLF11 and btamiR- 494 were validated. The results show that downregulated bta-miR-494 was associated with the upregulation of KLF11 gene. Among the differentially expressed genes found to be associated with the marbling score, we identified 15 genes targeted by miRNAs. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the genes KLF11, and bta-miR-494, may influence marbling in Hanwoo.

제조물책임에 있어서 쇠고기 이력제의 역할과 법개정의 필요성

공홍식(Kong Hong-Sik),김종현(Kim Jong-Hyun) 한국법학회 2010 법학연구 Vol.39 No.-

만약 쇠고기 등의 1차 농축산물로 인하여 소비자에게 피해가 발생하였다고 한다면, 과실책임을 원칙으로 하고 있는 일반불법행위책임법하에서는 그 피해에 대한 효율적 구제를 기대하기 어려울 것이다. 그 이유는 안전하지 않은 소나 쇠고기로 인하여 손해를 입은 소비자로서는 그것을 유통시킨 축산농가나 공급업자(또는 수입업자)를 상대로 하여 그 손해발생에 대한 과실책임을 추궁하기가 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 그 상황은 무과실책임을 원칙으로 하고 있는 제조물책임법의 적용이 가능하게 된다면 충분히 달라질 수 있다. 하지만 현행 제조물책임법은 미가공의 1차 농축산물을 본법의 적용대상인 제조물의 범위에서 제외시키고 있기 때문에 그 적용이 거의 불가능한 상황이다(제2조 1호 참조). 따라서 그 문제의 해결을 위해서는 미가공 1차 농축산물에 대해서도 무과실책임이 적용될 수 있도록 본법이 정하고 있는 제조물의 개념을 개정할 필요가 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 법개정은 생산자표시의 불명확성과 유통과정의 복잡성 때문에 그 책임소재가 불명확하다는 1차 농축산물에서의 근본적인 문제가 해결되지 않는 이상 큰 실효를 거두기가 어려울 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 최근 도입된 쇠고기 이력제는 그와 같은 문제를 해결하는 데 있어 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이라 기대되며, 나아가 제조물책임법상 제조물개념의 규정을 개정하려는 시도에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Article 2(1) of product liability provides that products mean manufactured or processed movables including other movables or a part of immovable properties. According to this rule, unprocessed primary agricultural products is not included. However, aspects of the liability without fault relating to consumer protection and the introduction of new traceability system call for the reform of Article 2(1). The beef traceability system makes consumers feel safe for the occurrence of any problems by taking an immediate action along with informations on the birth, slaughter, processing and sales. Give an identification number to every cattle with an ear tag to keep track of an entire distribution process from its birth to consumer's table at home.

초위성체를 이용한 한국 재래닭의 원산지 추적 및 개체 식별 방법에 관한 연구

박미현,오재돈,전광주,공홍식,상병돈,최철환,연성흠,조병욱,이학교 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

In an animals, identification system has been widely used by ear tag with dummy code and blood typing for parernity. Also, genotyping methods were using for useful mean of individual identification for live animals. In the case of genotyping estimation of gene in population of korean native chicken. In this study, we tested for development of genetic markers used it possible to determination of individual identification system. The candidate genetic markers were used already know 10 of microstalite DNA sequence information in chromosome No. 1 and 14. Result of analysis for genotyping, the number of alleles of those microstatelites DNA was shown minimal 3 to 12 and the heterozygote expression frequency range was shown from 0.617 to 0.862. In our result, effective number of allele for each microsatellites DNA was shown 3~7, and the accuracy of individual identification was shown nearly 100%, when used with 6 genetic marker. This study was about genotyping method for identification used specific genetic marker form microsatellite DNA in the brand marketing of korean native chicken. Our results suggest that genotyping method used specific genetic marker from microsatellite DNA might be very useful for determination of individual identification.

한국 재래돼지 브랜드 돈육 원산지 검증을 위한 유전자 감식 기법 활용 연구

최봉암,이학교,전광주,오재돈,최일신,박미현,공홍식,정일정,김태헌,윤두학,조병욱 한국유기농업학회 2004 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

Identification of animals has been used with an ear tag with dummy code and blood typing has been used for paternity and individual identification in live animals. Various genetic markers are different for breeds of pig and hence, it is necessary to identity the discrete genetic marker in korean native pig. A total of 240 pigs were used to find korean native pig population specific markers that expressed in population of korean native pigs. To identify the individual traceability, 20 animals were randomly chosen and tested for a whole process from being live to slaughter stages. The candidate genetic marker used in the study were 18 DNA microsatellites which were identified in pig genome. The number of alleles of those DNA microsatellites ranged form a minimum of 3 to maximum of 6. The heterozygote frequency ranged from 0.44 to 0.69. Effective number of alleles for each DNA microsatellotes were 2 to 4. By choosing 6 candidate genetic markers among all, the traceability of individual identification was estimated as accurate as 99.99%(p>0.0014), nearly.

Polymorphisms of LEP, LGB and PRLR in water buffalo

성지연,공홍식 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.4

The polymorphisms of several genes including Leptin (LEP), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB) and Prolactin receptor (PRLR) have been shown to affect milk composition traits in dairy cattle. But, the effects of these polymorphisms on the milk traits of Philippine water buffalo are still unclear. In the Philippines, buffalo are the major milk producers most of which are the Philippine carabao (PC), the American Murrah Buffalo (AMB) and Bulgarian Murrah Buffalo (BMB). The LEP, LGB and PRLR genes are considered to be associated with milk production traits. The objective of the present study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LEP, LGB and PRLR genes of PC, AMB and BMB and to investigate the effect of the SNPs on milk production traits in these buffalo. Genetic polymorphisms were screened by DNA sequencing and 12 SNPs were detected in BMB; 5 SNPs were in LEP exon3 region (G14227A,G14343A, T14502C, C14526T, G14603A); 5 SNPs were in LGB exon 2 region (G1861C, A1900G, G1901T, T1948C,G1949A); 2 SNPs were in PRLR exon 6 (T59047C, T59109C). Also, 12 polymorphism sites between cattle and buffalo were identified. Our analysis of the association between SNPs and milk production traits should be useful in future studies of buffalo breeding to improve lactation performance.

Multiplex PCR 기법을 활용한 종계 개체식별 시스템 연구

서주희,공홍식 한국가금학회 2017 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.11