국내 7대 광역시 산림 연결성 비교 분석

강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ),김지원 ( Jiwon Kim ),박찬열 ( Chan Ryul Park ),성주한 ( Joo Han Sung ) 한국농림기상학회 2014 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This quantitative research aims to examine the connectivity of forest networks in seven metropolitancities of South Korea using a graph-theoretical approach. We first estimated an overall networkconnectivity at multi-scales (i.e., dispersal distances), ranging from 100 m to 20 km, and quantified thecontribution of small forest patches (less than 10 ha) to the overall network connectivity by comparingnetworks according to the presence and absence of small ones. As a result, the cities were divided intotwo groups depending on the network connectivity; one group of cities with high connectivity such asDaegu, Daejeon, and Ulsan and the other group of cities with low connectivity including Gwangju, Busan, Seoul, and Incheon. The result showed that small forest patches, especially in the cities withlow connectivity, played a key role as stepping stones that connect large forested patches, therebycontributing to maintaining connectivity. This study also suggests that large and well-connected forestareas may be the key factor to preserve the connectivity in the cities with high connectivity, while thecites with low connectivity are in need of some complementary strategies. Through the study, wesuggest that the creation of new forest patches in the areas where a gap in connectivity presents isneeded in order to improve connectivity; and that the conservation of the existing small forest patchesis essential in order to maintain the current connectivity level.

생태네트워크와 접근성 분석에 의한 서울시 미집행 도시공원의 보전 우선순위 평가

강완모 ( Kang Wan-mo ),송영근 ( Song Young-keun ),성현찬 ( Sung Hyun-chan ),이동근 ( Lee Dong-kun ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2018 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the conservation priorities of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul both from an ecological and public perspective. To this end, two methodologies, ecological network analysis based on graph and circuit theory and accessibility analysis, were employed in order to assess ecological connectivity of and public accessibility to unexecuted parks, respectively. This study applied linkage-mapping methods (shortest path and current flow betweenness centrality) of connectivity analysis to an integrated map of landscape permeability. The population-weighted accessibility to unexecuted parks was measured based on a negative exponential distance decay function. As a result, for both ecological connectivity and accessibility, Gwanaksan, Suraksan, and Bulamsan urban natural parks are found to be the most important (rank 1-3) to be conserved. For these sites, inner park areas with conservation priorities for connectivity and accessibility were identified. The findings of the study can be used for giving conservation priority to the unexecuted urban parks in terms of long-term sustainable urban planning.

수도권 지역 산림성 조류 서식지의 통로와 연결망 분석

강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ),박찬열 ( Chanryul Park ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.3

서식지 연결성을 정량적으로 평가하고 지도화하는것은 지속가능한 도시 계획과 설계 과정에 있어 필수적이다. 이 연구에서는 그래프 이론을 적용하여 서울 을 포함하는 수도권 지역을 대상으로 산림성 조류의 이동 통로들이 서식지들을 어떻게 연결 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 산림 피복율과 인간 간섭을 의미하는 거주지역, 도로 네트워크의 영향을 고려하여 양질의 산림 서식지를 추출하였다. ArcGIS 파이썬 패키지 FunConn을 활용하여 서식지 연결망을 구축하고, 서식지 간 최소비용거리(Q1)와 25번째 백분위수 비용거리 (Q25)에서의 조각 중요도를 산출하였다. 10개 지역에서 조사된 산림성 조류 종의 풍부도와 Q1과 Q25 비용거리에 따른 조각 중요도 값, 서식지 면적 간 스피어만 상관분석을 하였다. 서식지 면적의 효과를 통제했을때, Q25에서의 조각의 중요도 값이 종 풍부도와 가장높은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다(P<0.001). 따라서 25번째 백분위수 비용거리를 통해 연결성 유지에 중요한 역할을 하는 조각들과 통로의 위치, 연결망의 중추적 경로를 도출하였다. 연구에서 제시된 연결망은 향후도시 생물다양성 보호와 증진을 위한 핵심 보전지역의 설정과 생태통로의 조성과 관리에 유용하게 활용될 수있을 것이다. Measuring and mapping connectivity among habitats is a key component of sustainable urban planning and design process. In this study, we examined how functional corridors connect forest bird habitats in a metropolitan area of Korea using graph theory-based techniques. High-quality forest habitat was defined as a function of forest cover, presence of residential areas, and road networks. We then constructed a network of high-quality forest habitats using the FunConn (functional connectivity) tools, and computed metrics (Ti) of patch importance based on the minimum (Q1) and the 25th percentile (Q25) rank least-cost distance values. We investigated the relative influence of two values of patch importance on forest bird species richness. As a result, the patch importance index based on the Q25 effective distance threshold was most positively correlated with species richness (P < 0.001) after controlling for the area effect. Thus, using the Q25 effective distance threshold, we mapped not only the locations of important habitat patches and functional corridors, but also the network backbone of forest bird habitats. The network developed in this study can help guide urban planning for biodiversity conservation.

그래프 이론을 적용한 벼 병원균 확산 공간 연결망 분석

강완모 ( Wa Nmo Kang ),이도원 ( Do Won Lee ),박찬열 ( Chan Ryul Park ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

기후 변화로 인해 벼 병해충 예찰과 방제가 더욱 어려워지면서 주곡인 쌀의 생산량이 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 그래프 이론을 적용하여 전국 시·군 지역을 대상으로 행정구역 단위의 벼 병원균 확산 공간 연결망을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 병원균 확산 연결망의 중추적 경로는 서해 연안의 행정구역 간에 연결된 링크들인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 서해 연안 지역들은 병원균에 대한 경관 저항성이 매우 낮았고, 서해 연안의 핵심지역들과 경남·경북의 핵심지역들을 연결시키는 허브지역들을 도출할 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 통해 병원균 확산을 예측하고, 병원균이 발생하였을 때 확산을 방지하기 위해 우선적으로 방제되어야 하는 지역이 어디인지를 구분할 수 있었다. 연구결과는 병해충 방제 공동대응을 위한 행정구역 단위의 방제 구역 할당과 통합적인 병해충 관리계획 수립에 있어 유용한 농업환경지리·공간 자료로 활용될 수있을 것이다. The spread and expansion of pests and pathogens due to climate change have caused considerable reduction of rice yield in agricultural landscapes. This study was conducted to quantitatively analyze the spread of rice pathogens carried by insect pests on spatial network in South Korea using graphtheoretic methods. We identified the connectivity “backbone” of pathogen spread network among the cities along the coastal area of West Sea. In addition, we graphically represented 1) the core areas that can cause local and regional outbreaks of pathogens; and 2) the areas that act as bottlenecks in the spread of pathogen which can link the core areas. Especially, the cities in the coastal areas of West Sea that have the high density of rice crops, represented a low spread resistance to pathogen infection. These results may suggest insights into planning the integrated pest management possibly through regional collaboration.

선형계획문제의 강성다항식 계산단계 기법에 관한 연구

정성진(S.J, Chung),강완모(W.M, Kang),정의석(E.S, Chung),허홍석(H.S, Hu) 대한산업공학회 1993 대한산업공학회지 Vol.19 No.4

접근성 개념을 적용한 문화서비스 평가 -남양주시를 대상으로-

전배석 ( Baysok Jun ),강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ),이재혁 ( Jaehyuck Lee ),김성훈 ( Sunghoon Kim ),김벼리 ( Byeori Kim ),김일권 ( Ilkwon Kim ),이주은 ( Jooeun Lee ),권혁수 ( Hyuksoo Kwon ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2018 환경영향평가 Vol.27 No.4

A cultural ecosystem service(CES), which is non-material benefit that human gains from ecosystem, has been recently further recognized as gross national income increases. Previous researches proposed to quantify the value of CES, which still remains as a challenging issue today due to its social and cultural subjectivity. This study proposes new way of assessing CES which is called Cultural Service Opportunity Spectrum(CSOS). CSOS is accessibility based CES assessment methodology for regional scale and it is designed to be applicable for any regions in Korea for supporting decision making process. CSOS employed public spatial data which are road network and population density map. In addition, the results of ‘Rapid Assessment of Natural Assets’ implemented by National Institute of Ecology, Korea were used as a complementary data. CSOS was applied to Namyangju-si and the methodology resulted in revealing specific areas with great accessibility to ‘Natural Assets’ in the region. Based on the results, the advantages and limitations of the methodology were discussed with regard to weighting three main factors and in contrast to Scenic Quality model and Recreation model of InVEST which have been commonly used for assessing CES today due to its convenience today.

에디 공분산 기반의 플럭스 타워 관측자료를 이용한 국내외 산림과 농업 생태계 탄소 흡수량 분석

이보라 ( Bora Lee ),강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ),김충기 ( Choong-ki Kim ),김지은 ( Gieun Kim ),이창훈 ( Chang-hoon Lee ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2017 환경영향평가 Vol.26 No.2

Measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO₂ based on the eddy covariance technique provide reasonable carbon balance estimates in response to local environmental conditions. In South Korea, the forest ecosystems cover approximately 64% of the total area, thereby strongly affecting regional carbon balances. Cultivated croplands that cover about 17% of the total area should also be considered when calculating the carbon balance of the country. In this study, our objectives were (a) to quantify the range and seasonal variation of NEE at forest ecosystems, including deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests, and agricultural ecosystems, including rice paddies and a potato field, in South Korea and (b) to compare NEE at ten Fluxnet sites that have the same or similar ecosystems as found in South Korea. The results showed that the forest and agricultural ecosystems were carbon sinks. In Korea, NEE at the forest ecosystems varied between -31 and -362 gC/m²/yr, and NEE at the croplands ranged from -210 to -248 gC/m²/growing season. At the deciduous forest, NEE reached low values in late spring, early summer, and early autumn, while at the coniferous forest, it reached low values in spring, early summer, and mid autumn. The young mixed forest was a much stronger carbon sink than the old-growth deciduous and coniferous forests. During each crop growing season, beet had the lowest NEE value within six crops, followed by wither wheat, maize, rice, potato, and soybean. These results will be useful for designing and applying management strategies for the reduction of CO₂ emissions.

CAD System for Financial Derivative Design

Hayong Shin(신하용),Wanmo Kang(강완모),Taehyuk Park(박태혁),Hyung-Il Moon(문형일) 한국경영과학회 2010 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

InVEST 모델링 기반 생태계 수자원 공급 서비스 평가

김충기 ( Choong-ki Kim ),강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ) 한국환경경제학회, 한국자원경제학회 ( 구 한국환경경제학회 ) 2017 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.하계

건강한 자연 생태계는 인간문명 지속성과 후생증진의 필수요소인 다양한 생태계 서비스를 제공한다. 그러나 최근 들어 무분별한 경제개발과 자원의 남용, 기후변화로 산림, 초지, 습지 등 자연 서식지가 파괴되고 파편화됨에 따라 생태계 서비스기반의 환경적 지속가능 발전이 큰 위협을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환경·경제적 측면을 함께 고려할 수 있는 InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)의 Water Yield 모델을 국내 낙동강 대권역에 적용하여 생태계 물 제공 서비스를 평가하였다. 하천유량 관측자료 및 SWAT 모델 결과와 비교 검증을 통해 모델 신뢰성을 평가하고, 중권역과 생태계 유형별 물 제공 기능을 정량화하였다. 검증되고 계량화된 생태계의 수자원 함양량은 생태계 유형과 유역, 행정구역별 물 사용 방식(생활용수와 공업용수 등)에 따른 수요량과 원단위 가격을 바탕으로 경제적 가치 평가 또한 가능하다. 또한 수자원 공급의 안정성을 향상하기 위한 생태계 환경관리에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 향후 이러한 환경·경제 통합 생태계 서비스 모델링 접근법은 보전과 개발에 따른 생태계 서비스 간 시너지와 상충관계를 정량적으로 분석 가능하게 하여 자연 생태계의 균형적 관리방안 마련과 지역단위 지속가능 발전전략 수립에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

매개중심성 분석을 활용한 서울시 미집행공원 내 사유지 보전 우선순위 평가

황병묵 ( Byungmook Hwang ),고동욱 ( Dongwook W. Ko ),강완모 ( Wanmo Kang ) 한국산림과학회 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.1

The implementation of the sunset provision of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul has been postponed; however, the mentioned parks still remain vulnerable since they can be subject to development under certain circumstances. Local governments may purchase the parks to prevent their loss but are constrained due to limited resources. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the purchase of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul based on landscape connectivity, which represents the important role of allowing the movement of wildlife and providing biodiversity in urban environments. In this study, we used four potential scenarios (PB100, PB1, PA100, PA1), which reflects the degree of land cover change resulting from the implementation of the sunset provision, and the role of Han River as a conduit or barrier for wildlife movement. Landscape connectivity was evaluated by calculating current flow betweenness centrality (CFBC). This was used to rank the importance of the unexecuted urban parks in Seoul. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the sunset provision will greatly decrease the connectivity of all parks in Seoul and particularly more so for parks in the southern part of the city. In addition, the results suggested that the low connectivity of Han river will diminish the connectivity around Bukhansan Mountain in the northern part of Seoul. Our study can be used for the prioritization of purchase, since it has the ability to evaluate the anticipated vulnerability of each park's connectivity after the sunset provision.