陸佃思想硏究 ― 以『?冠子解』爲硏究中心

양조귀 ( Yeung Siukwai ),조은상 ( Cho Eunsang ) 한국중국학회 2018 中國學報 Vol.85 No.-

陸佃生於北宋。北宋初期,釋、道思想影響頗大;王安石推行新政,偏重法而不重人。陸佃受時代思潮、王氏影響,特別重視道家黃老之學。這在『?冠子解』裡充分表現出來。『?冠子解』是『?冠子』最完整注本。?對硏究『?冠子』宋版或以前版本有價値。雖然這本書字數不多,但?是硏究陸佃思想的一本重要書本。通過這本注解,陸佃闡述他的道論、宇宙生成論、聖人論、理想政治論、因任之論、法論、賞罰論、家庭倫理論及養生論等。這些看法基本上繼承了先秦道家、法家的思想,又稍爲融合儒家思想。可見陸佃有些復古思想,與當時思潮有暗合之處;亦可知道這幾方面的思想明顯受到黃老學影響,某些地方也吸收儒家學說。黃老學在北宋仍有相當影響力,儒、道在宋代合流是一大趨勢。陸佃花了較多篇章論述法,也許與王安石推行新政、重視法有密切關係。硏究陸佃的思想,對硏究宋代陸氏家族思想文化乃至兩宋思想文化,具有一定的價値。 Lu Dian was born in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism were greatly influenced. Wang Anshi carried out the new deal and emphasized law rather than man. Lu Dian was influenced by tthe thought of the times and the influence of Wang, and paid special attention to Taoism. This is fully manifested in HeGuanZiJie. Lu Dian’s HeGuanZiJie is the earliest annotation which explained the whole book of HeGuanZi. It is valuable for studying the Song Dynasty edition or the previous edition. Although this book has few words, it is an important book to study Lu Dian’s thought. Through this annotation, Lu Dian explained his theory of Tao, the theory of cosmos, the theory of Saint, the theory of ideal politics, the theory of appointment, the theory of law, the theory of reward and punishment, the theory of family ethics and the theory of health. These views basically inherited the thoughts of Taoists and Legalists in the pre Qin period and slightly integrated Confucianism. It can be seen that Lu Dian have some ideas of restoring the ancients, which coincide with the trend of thought at that time. The thought of Lu Dian is obviously influenced by Huang-Lao Thought, and some places also absorb Confucianism. It can be seen that Huang-Lao Thought still had considerable influence in the Northern Song Dynasty. The combination of Confucianism and Taoism was a major trend in the Song Dynasty. Lu Dian has spent more textual discussions, which may be closely related to Wang Anshi's new policy and law. Studying Lu Dian's thought is of certain value to study Lu's family's ideological culture and even the two song's ideology and culture.

港澳大學生辨認書寫簡化字調査與分析

양조귀 ( Siukwai Yeung ),오학충 ( Hokchung Ng ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2015 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.37 No.-

Classical Chinese Characters are always used in different levels of school education stages, such as pre-school education, junior and senior forms education, and local books and magazines in Hong Kong and Macau. However, Simplified Chinese Characters have been used more and more popularly and existed in different industries because different modes of exchange have become frequently between mainland China and HK and Macau. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) expresses clearly and definitely that examinee can write in Simplified Chinese Characters in public examinations. This will surely affect primary and secondary students’ learning attitude as well as their reading and writing of Chinese characters in Hong Kong. In order to investigate university students’ recognition and writing simplified Chinese in Hong Kong and Macau, we designed a set of questionnaire which consisted of three parts: the first part consisted of 200 frequently-used simplified Chinese characters to test how many of them that the students were able to recognize. The second part consisted of 50 frequently-used simplified Chinese characters to test the same thing. The last part consisted of 100 selected simplified Chinese characters to test whether students could write them properly. According to the result of the questionnaires, Hong Kong and Macau university students were able to recognize a large proportion of standard simplified Chinese characters in Mainland China but were unable to write them properly. This brings concern for language educators in Hong Kong and Macau to remind students of writing proper simplified Chinese characters in their teaching.

論陸賈的仁義觀

楊兆貴,조은상 중국어문논역학회 2010 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.0 No.26

육가(約前240∼前170)는 한대 문인이자 사상가이다. 그는 일찍이 유방(約前247∼前195)을 도와 천하를 통일하였고, ≪詩≫와 ≪書≫를 경시하였던 유방의 태도를 바꾸어 놓기도 하였다. 유방이 육가에게 진나라가 망한 이유를 글로써 설명하라고 하자, 그는 ≪新語≫를 지어 진나라가 망한 원인을 설명하였고, 아울러 치국과 위정의 도를 해석하기도 하였다. 그는 ≪新語≫에서 강렬한 인문정신을 나타내었는데, 특히 仁義의 중요성을 강조하였다. 일부학자들은 육가의 핵심사상은 인의라고 주장하기는 하였으나, 그 주요 내용이 어떠한지, 역사와 인성 등 방면에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지, 또 맹자와 순자와의 관계는 어떠한지에 대해서는 깊이 있는 연구를 진행하지 않았다. 본고는 이점을 염두에 두고 육가의 仁義觀에 대해 토론을 전개하였으며, 그 결과 육가의 인의관은 역사를 평가하는데 주로 표현되었으며, 이는 유가적 仁義史觀임을 알 수 있었다.

港澳大學生辨認書寫簡化字調查與分析

楊兆貴,吳學忠 한국한자한문교육학회 2015 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.37 No.-

Classical Chinese Characters are always used in different levels of school education stages, such as pre-school education, junior and senior forms education, and local books and magazines in Hong Kong and Macau. However, Simplified Chinese Characters have been used more and more popularly and existed in different industries because different modes of exchange have become frequently between mainland China and HK and Macau. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) expresses clearly and definitely that examinee can write in Simplified Chinese Characters in public examinations. This will surely affect primary and secondary students’ learning attitude as well as their reading and writing of Chinese characters in Hong Kong. In order to investigate university students’ recognition and writing simplified Chinese in Hong Kong and Macau, we designed a set of questionnaire which consisted of three parts: the first part consisted of 200 frequently-used simplified Chinese characters to test how many of them that the students were able to recognize. The second part consisted of 50 frequently-used simplified Chinese characters to test the same thing. The last part consisted of 100 selected simplified Chinese characters to test whether students could write them properly. According to the result of the questionnaires, Hong Kong and Macau university students were able to recognize a large proportion of standard simplified Chinese characters in Mainland China but were unable to write them properly. This brings concern for language educators in Hong Kong and Macau to remind students of writing proper simplified Chinese characters in their teaching. 港澳地區的幼兒教育、初等和中等教育所教的漢字向來為繁體字,本土出版的報刊雜誌也多用繁體字. 隨著港澳與中國大陸之間的交流往來日益頻繁,民間使用簡化字的頻率增加了,各行各業出現了繁簡體字並用的情況. 而香港考試及評核局更明確表示在公開考試中可以使用規範的簡化字,對香港中小學生學習和書寫漢字的心態造成一定的影響. 為了調查現今港澳大學生辨認和正確書寫簡化字的情況,我們設計了調查問卷,問卷分成三部分︰先挑選二百多個常用簡化字以檢測學生的簡化字辨認率,再挑選五十個常用簡化字以詞語形式檢測學生簡化字辨認率,最後再挑選一百個簡化字用作測試學生簡化字的正確書寫率. 調查報告統計港澳大學生簡化字的辨認率和正確書寫率,可以看出︰港澳大學生能認讀大部分中國大陸規範簡化字,但往往會書寫不規範的港式簡化字,這一現象值得港澳語文教育工作者注意,在教學上須提醒學生避免書寫港式簡化字.

香港浸會大學內地生學寫繁體字的心態及學習能力研究

楊兆貴,吳學忠 한국한자한문교육학회 2014 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.34 No.-

Recently more and more mainland students further study in universities of Hong Kong. They must cope with difficulty caused by cultural divergence. Reading traditional Chinese characters is one of their obstacles. The target group of this paper is a group of undergraduate (year 1) Mainland China students attending the teaching Mandarin programme and they are coming from different faculties of Hong Kong Baptist University. The teaching materials of this programme are written in traditional Chinese and the participating Mainland students are required to write traditional Chinese in the examinations. Through conducting questionnaire surveys as well as comparison of pre‐test and post‐test results, this paper analyses and discuss the learning ability and attitude of these Mainland students. The findings will enlighten curriculum design, development of teaching materials and pedagogy as instructors can adjust the teaching content according to the academic level of their students. It is found that after the completion of the programme, students are able to grasp knowledge on, for example, the principle of analogizing traditional characters from the simplified one; new and old fonts; variants; one‐to‐more mapping between simplified and traditional form; the inductive method for the three master tables on Simplified Chinese Characters that could be used to check related traditional form etc. The scores in their post‐test are comparatively much higher than their pre‐test. In addition, the instructors have adjusted the teaching content in response to students’ needs. At the same time, students are encouraged to read more books written in traditional form published in Hong Kong and Taiwan; to write traditional form based on papers written in simplified form in order to nurture their sense of language in traditional form. Moreover, computer softwares, such as ‘繁簡通 (Fan‐jian Tong)’, have been introduced to students as self‐learning tools which are useful when they encounter read and write difficulties in traditional form. The programme and related activities help the Mainland students to grasp the traditional form of Chinese that, in return, facilitate the adaptation to their campus life as well as social inclusion in Hong Kong society. 近年來, 越來越多內地學生來香港就讀大學. 內地生須面對語言和文化的差異而造成的種種學習上的困難, 如他們不太懂繁體字. 本文以香港浸會大學一年級內地學生為研究對象, 他們來自不同學院, 分別是三年制和四年制學生. 他們雖然上普通話教學班, 但課程講義以繁體字編製, 考試時必須盡量用繁體字作答. 本文嘗試從問卷調查․學生的前測和後測的成績比較等方法, 分析․探討這些內地生學․寫繁體字的心態及其學習能力, 闡述其對課程․教材․教法所帶來的啟發. 結果發現, 他們經過上課․學習後, 了解繁․簡體字的類推原則․新舊字型․異體字․一簡多繁等現象與規律, 了解 <簡化字總表第一表>․<第二表> 和 <第三表>的歸納方法, 從而利用簡化字總表查檢相對應的繁體字. 他們的後測成績比前測成績提高很多. 另外, 授課教師在教學過程 因應學生的需求, 微調課程的講授內容. 學生多看香港․台灣地區出版的繁體字書籍, 嘗試把簡化字的文章用繁體字抄寫, 慢慢培養語感, 還可以透過 「繁簡通」 等電腦軟件, 輕鬆地將簡化字轉換成繁體字, 從而解決繁體字學習和書寫上的困難. 這些教學活動幫助內地學生盡快掌握繁體字, 並適應校園生活, 融入香港社會.

’大明紅’考實

楊兆貴(Yeung, Siukwai),趙殷?(Cho, Eunsang),劉永連(Liu, Yongnian) 國際言語文學會 2013 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.27

On Lu Jia’s poetics

楊兆貴,조은상 한국중국학회 2010 中國學報 Vol.61 No.-

Lu Jia emphasized the concepts of humanity and righteousness in ShiJing. He interpreted the poem “Luming” in terms of humanity and the poem “Guanju” in terms of righteousness. His interpretations and viewpoints on Shi Jing were somewhat different from Poetics, Preface to Poetry, Mao Zhuan and Han Shi Wai Zhuan, and that he laid special emphasis on the summarization of Shi Jing. He used poems and phrases of Shi Jing as evidence of political theory, especially emphasizing on humanity and righteousness. Moreover, he emphasized Shi Jing’s functions and effects on politics and society. He pointed out the point “Poetry Expresses Intent”, and emphasized the importance of both intent and emotions. His opinion was obviously affected by Confucius. Some phrases of poems he quoted in Xin Yu were related to exegesis of meaning of words in different versions, main ideas of creation of works, reserving missing anecdotic poems and phrases, was a contribution to the study on Shi Jing.

論錢穆對漢代『春秋』學的硏究

楊兆貴 ( Yang¸ Zhao Gui ),趙殷尙 ( Cho¸ Eun Sang ) 한국중국학회 2021 중국학보 Vol.97 No.-

錢穆對秦漢史、漢代經學研究飮譽學林, 影響很大。他這兩方面的論著大多已逾半世紀, 在出土文獻日益增多、研究方法多元化等學風下, 他的論著有哪些價值?對當代相關研究有什麼影響?筆者結合他這兩方面的研究, 聚焦他的漢代『春秋』學, 以見他治學、見解之一斑。 要探討他對漢代『春秋』學的看法, 則先簡介他對『春秋』及三傳的看法。他與傳統主張孔子作『春秋』的看法相同, 並從史學肯定『春秋』、『左傳』的史學價值。他認為漢代經學今古文之別是王官學與百家言之殊, 而非文字古今之異。這是他論漢代經今古文最具特色的部分。他撰『孔子與春秋』一文, 著重闡釋『公羊』學的精神, 強調孔子『春秋』以百家言而成為新的王官學。他在不同時期對『公羊』學與董仲舒的評價不同。他認為漢儒多通古今, 因此治『春秋』者多能兼採三傳或兩傳之義、說。他又指出, 『春秋』學與漢代思想尤其是災異說、禪讓說、禮制說有密切的關係。 Prof. Qian Mu has a great influence on the honorary scholars of Qin and Han history and Han dynasty studies. Most of his works in these two areas have been over half a century. With the increasing number of unearthed documents and diversified research methods, what is the value of his works? And what is the impact on contemporary related research? This essay combines his research in these two areas and focuses on his study of Chun Qiu in the Han Dynasty, so as to see his academic research methods and insights. To explore his views on the study of Chun Qiu in the Han Dynasty, the first part of the essay introduces his views on Chun Qiu and the three ‘Zhuan’. He is the same as the traditional view that Confucius wrote Chun Qiu, and affirmed the historical value of Chun Qiu and Zuo Zhuan from his historiography. He believes that the difference between modern and ancient literatures in Han dynasty is the difference between Ancient Official Document and Philosophers, rather than the difference between ancient and modern writing. He wrote the article Confucius and Chun Qiu, focusing on explaining the spirit of school of Gong Yang, emphasizing that Confucius' Chun Qiu became a new official ideology with the philosophical thought in Han China. He had different evaluations of Gong Yang and Dong Zhongshu in different periods. He believes that the Han scholars are mostly integrated with the ancient and modern literatures, so most of them who studied Chun Qiu can adopt the meaning and theories of the three or two ‘Zhuan’ at the same time. He also pointed out that the study of Chun Qiu has a close relationship with the thoughts of the Han Dynasty, especially the theory of catastrophe, concession, and etiquette.

內地生學寫繁體字的心態及學習能力研究

吳學忠,楊兆貴 한국한자한문교육학회 2013 국제한국한자한문교육학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

語文學部 : 馮夢龍話本小說士商情愛觀及其背後的社會影響

오학충,양조귀,조은상 한국중국학회 2016 중국학보 Vol.75 No.-

馮夢龍編作的話本小說集有不少作品以愛情爲主題, 歷來學者多著重於人物形象的探討, 硏究成果也頗豊碩, 至於其他內容的探討則較爲零星. 本論文以馮夢龍編作的話本小說集愛情題材作品中的士子和商人爲硏究對象, 藉探討身處社會階級最高層的士子和身處社會階級最低層的商人的情愛觀的異同, 分析在傳統``士農工商``的社會階級發生了微妙變化的明代末期這兩階層人物對愛情的態度, 從而探析其背後的文化意涵. 總而言之, 馮夢龍編作的愛情題材話本小說中的士子和商人均是當時社會的産物, 他們的故事卽取材自當時的社會, 又유合了馮夢龍復雜矛盾的思想觀. 其次, 馮夢龍作品中的文人士子之所以被描寫成軟弱無能, 不及女性大膽ㆍ積極, 而商人則一反傳統, 被賦予正面的形象, 實與當時的社會環境和小說尙``奇``的特點有關.