On the Modernity of Willa Cather’s My Ántonia

( Zhang¸ Bin ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

Willa Cather is a prominent female novelist in the early of the 20th century, when the modernist novel was taking its form and expanding its influence. Though it is mostly for her realistic and stylistic writing that Willa Cather takes an important place in American literature, her work My Ántonia bears the stamp of modernism both in the writing techniques and the modernist theme. In this paper, My Ántonia’s modernity was analyzed from the use of modernist techniquepolyphony and the modernist theme of people's existential dilemma and the motif of death. To begin with, the characters in this novel have their own independent consciousness and can voice their own understanding of the world equally and freely, and therefore, My Ántonia is definitely what Bakhtin called the “polyphonic novel”. Besides, Jimmy’s life trajectory manifested the modern people’s existential dilemma in the capitalist society. Last but not the least, the motif of death keeps recurring in this novel, which is quite impressive and symbolic. The death story symbolizes the despair of the migrants in America superficially, the despair of the human beings in the large and deep.

ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS IN AN INTEGRATED WALRASIAN-GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND NEOCLASSICAL-GROWTH THEORY

Wei-Bin Zhang 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Development Vol.39 No.3

This study deals with interactions of economic growth and environmental change with heterogeneous households. The analytical framework is built by integrating the three important theories in economics - the Walrasian general equilibrium theory, the neoclassical growth theory, and the neoclassical growth model with endogenous environment. The three theories are integrated by applying Zhang’s approach to household behavior. The economic system consists of one capital goods sector, one consumer goods sector, one environmental sector, and any number (of types) of households. The motion is described by a set of differential equations. For illustration, we simulated the motion of the economic system with three groups. The comparative analyses provide some insights into the complexity of economic growth with environment. For instance, the study by Grossman and Krueger (1995, p. 353) identifies no evidence that “environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth.” Our simulation indicates that although the conclusion made by Crossman and Krueger holds for the national economy, but is invalid for a certain group.

A TWO - COUNTRY DYNAMIC TRADE MEDEL WITH MULTIPLE GROUPS

ZHANG, WEI BIN 한국국제경제학회 1995 International Economic Journal Vol.9 No.3

9.73% Efficiency Nonfullerene All Organic Small Molecule Solar Cells with Absorption-Complementary Donor and Acceptor

Bin, Haijun,Yang, Yankang,Zhang, Zhi-Guo,Ye, Long,Ghasemi, Masoud,Chen, Shanshan,Zhang, Yindong,Zhang, Chunfeng,Sun, Chenkai,Xue, Lingwei,Yang, Changduk,Ade, Harald,Li, Yongfang American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.14

<P>In the last two years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) developed quickly with n-type organic semiconductor (n-OSs) as acceptor. In contrast, the research progress of nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) with organic small molecule as donor and the n-OS as acceptor lags behind. Here, we synthesized a D-A structured medium bandgap organic small molecule H11 with bithienyl-benzodithiophene (BDTT) as central donor unit and fluorobenzo-triazole as acceptor unit, and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.73% for the all organic small molecules OSCs with H11 as donor and a low bandgap n-OS IDIC as acceptor. A control molecule H12 without thiophene conjugated side chains on the BDT unit was also synthesized for investigating the effect of the thiophene conjugated side chains on the photovoltaic performance of the p-type organic semiconductors (p-OSs). Compared with H12, the 2D-conjugated H11 with thiophene conjugated side chains shows intense absorption, low-lying HOMO energy level, higher hole mobility and ordered bimodal crystallite packing in the blend films. Moreover, a larger interaction parameter (chi) was observed in the H11 blends calculated from Hansen solubility parameters and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. These special features combined with the complementary absorption of H11 donor and IDIC acceptor resulted in the best PCE of 9.73% for nonfullerene all small molecule OSCs up to date. Our results indicate that fluorobenzotriazole based 2D conjugated p-OSs are promising medium bandgap donors in the nonfullerene OSCs.</P>

AUTONOMOUS LAND VEHICLE PATH PLANNING USING TERRAIN DATABASE

Bin, Zhang Shi,Wei, Tang Guo,Yue, Ma,Wen, Zhang Tian,Xiong, Zhang Shi 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

We describe a new path planning system using terrain database. The system is adapt to the navigation of autonomous land vehicle under known environment such as road network without unknown moving obstacles. We discuss the terrain database structure, terrain representation, global path planning, local path planning under the direction of global path planning.

A MULTI - COUNTRY FREE TRADE MODEL WITH CAPITAL ACCUMULATION

ZHANG, WEI BIN 한국국제경제학회 1994 International Economic Journal Vol.8 No.1

The paper develops a multi-country endogenous growth model to investigate possible causes for the existence and persistence of trade patterns among countries with different preferences and production functions and perfect international capital mobility. Private consumption and savings are derived from maximizing utility level which is dependent upon current levels of wealth and consumption functions may affect the trade patterns in the dynamic competitive world economy. [F11,O41]

VHL Gene Mutation Analysis of a Chinese Family with Non-Syndromic Pheochromocytomas and Patients with Apparently Sporadic Pheochromocytoma

Zhang, Bin,Qian, Jing,Chang, De-Hui,Wang, Yang-Min,Zhou, Da-Hai,Qiao, Gou-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Objective: The Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLD), an inherited neoplastic syndrome predisposing to central nervous system hemangioblastoma (CNS), pheochromocytoma (PCC), renal cell carcinoma(RCC), retinal hemangioma (RA) and renal cysts, is caused by mutations or deletions of the VHL tumor-suppressor gene. To assess VHL genotype-phenotype correlations with function of pVHL a gene mutation analysis of members in a Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and individuals with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma (ASP) was performed. Materials and Methods: DNA samples of 20 members from the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and 41 patients with ASP were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, confirmed by Taqman probe. Results: Three novel mutations (H125P, 623(^TTTGTtG) and R120T) were identified in the Chinese family and in 3 among 41 ASP patients. The mutations were all located in exon 2 of VHL gene encoding ${\beta}$-domain of pVHL. The tumor type in H125P carriers and R120T carriers was VHL type 2C. And 623(^TTTGTtG) carriers presented VHL type 2B or type 2C. Conclusions: VHL gene abnormalities were identified in the Chinese family with non-syndromic PCCs and patients with APS, resulting in dysfunction of pVHL. H125P and R120T could be associated with VHL type 2C, while 623(^TTTGTtG) might be linked with VHL type 2B or type 2C. Not only is the genetic analysis helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with VHLD, it is also benefitial for research intoVHLD pathogenesis.

Modeling and Analysis of Conducted EMI for a Modular Multilevel Converter

Zhang Bin,Chen Wenjie,Huang Lang,Zhang Jiao,Yang Xu 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Currently, the modular multilevel converters (MMCs) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system have been widely applied due to its better characteristics, such as the stringent modular structure and good line-side behavior. This paper studies the conducted common mode electromagnetic interference (EMI) in MMC based HVDC system. As a matter of fact, interference sources are very complicated for large amounts of switches in large scale MMCs. This paper proposed a novel EMI model of MMC for the first time. Based upon that model, the influence of parasitic parameters of switches, the voltages stage of direct current side and the switching frequency on the leakage current are studied in detail. Useful information about the distribution of conducted interference both in time domain and in frequency domain can be acquired from the proposed model. Theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrated the proposed EMI model provides an intensively investigation and discussion for the conducted EMI in MMC based HVDC system.

3D printing of high-resolution PLA-based structures by hybrid electrohydrodynamic and fused deposition modeling techniques

Zhang, Bin,Seong, Baekhoon,Nguyen, VuDat,Byun, Doyoung IOP 2016 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.26 No.2

<P>Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has received much attention for shape forming and manufacturing. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer is one of the various 3D printers available and has become widely used due to its simplicity, low-cost, and easy operation. However, the FDM technique has a limitation whereby its patterning resolution is too low at around 200 <I>μ</I>m. In this paper, we first present a hybrid mechanism of electrohydrodynamic jet printing with the FDM technique, which we name E-FDM. We then develop a novel high-resolution 3D printer based on the E-FDM process. To determine the optimal condition for structuring, we also investigated the effect of several printing parameters, such as temperature, applied voltage, working height, printing speed, flow-rate, and acceleration on the patterning results. This method was capable of fabricating both high resolution 2D and 3D structures with the use of polylactic acid (PLA). PLA has been used to fabricate scaffold structures for tissue engineering, which has different hierarchical structure sizes. The fabrication speed was up to 40 mm/s and the pattern resolution could be improved to 10 <I>μ</I>m.</P>

One-Step Sub-micrometer-Scale Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Three-Dimensional Printing Technique with Spontaneous Nanoscale Joule Heating

Zhang, Bin,Seong, Baekhoon,Lee, Jaehyun,Nguyen, VuDat,Cho, Daehyun,Byun, Doyoung American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.35

<P>A one-step sub-micrometer-scale electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet three-dirnensional (3D)-printing technique that is based on the drop-on demand (DOD) operation for which an additional postsintering process is not required is proposed. Both the numerical simulation and the experimental observations proved that nanoscale Joule heating Occurs at the interface between the charged silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) because of the high electrical contact resistance during the printing process; this is the reason why an additional postSintering process is not required. Sub-micrometer-scale 3D structures were printed with an above-35 aspect ratio via the use of the proposed printing technique; furthermore, it is evident that the designed 3D structures such as a bridge-like shape can be printed with the use of the proposed printing technique, allowing for the cost-effective fabrication of a 3D touch sensor and an ultrasensitive tihict air flow-rate sensor. It is believed that the proposed one-step printing technique May replace the conventional 3D conductive-structure printing techniques for which a postsintering, process is used 'because of its economic efficiency.</P>