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일본 기수호 (Lake Obuchi)에서 생태계 모델의 개발과 적용
( Ueda Shinji ),( Kunio Kondo ),( Jiro Inaba ),( Masahiro Hosoda ),( Hiroshi Kutsukake ),( Yasushi Seike ),( Kisaburo Nakata ) 한국하천호수학회 2004 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.4
In order to evaluate the water quality (N, P and C) and the biological mass balance of semi-enclosed brackish Lake Obuchi, Japan, an ecosystem model was developed and applied to the lake, using the flow field calculated by a hydrodynamic model. The time series data of the observed tide level, river discharge and meteorological parameters from January 2001 to December 2002 were incorporated as the parameters of the hydrodynamic model. Water quality and biomass balance were estimated by the ecosystem model, and simulated fluctuations in water quality agreed with our observations. The carbon contents of POC, phytoplankton and zooplankton in the lake were calculated by the model at an average 7200, 1500 and 22 ㎏, respectively, which somewhat agreed with our observations of POC (5900 ㎏), phytoplankton (3800 ㎏), and zooplankton (150 ㎏).
Keiji Hirai,Saori Minato,Shohei Kaneko,Katsunori Yanai,Hiroki Ishii,Taisuke Kitano,Mitsutoshi Shindo,Haruhisa Miyazawa,Kiyonori Ito,Yuichirou Ueda,Yoshio Kaku,Taro Hoshino,Tatsuro Watano,Shinji Fujino 대한신장학회 2019 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.38 No.3
Background: We investigated the relationship between serum total carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3 -) concentrations in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and devised a formula for predicting low bicarbonate (HCO3 - < 24 mmol/L) and high bicarbonate (HCO3 - ≥ 24 mmol/L) using clinical parameters. Methods: In total, 305 samples of venous blood collected from 207 pre-dialysis patients assessed by CKD stage (G1 + G2, 46; G3, 50; G4, 51; G5, 60) were investigated. The relationship between serum total CO2 and HCO3 - concentrations was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. An approximation formula was developed using clinical parameters correlated independently with HCO3 - concentration. Diagnostic accuracy of serum total CO2 and the approximation formula was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and a 2 × 2 table. Results: Serum total CO2 correlated strongly with HCO3 - concentration (r = 0.91; P < 0.001). The following approximation formula was obtained by a multiple linear regression analysis: HCO3 - (mmol/L) = total CO2 - 0.5 × albumin - 0.1 × chloride - 0.01 × (estimated glomerular filtration rate + blood glucose) + 15. The areas under the curves of serum total CO2 and the approximation formula for detection of low bicarbonate and high bicarbonate were 0.981, 0.996, 0.993, and 1.000, respectively. This formula had superior diagnostic accuracy compared with that of serum total CO2 (86.6% vs. 81.3%). Conclusion: Serum total CO2 correlated strongly with HCO3 - concentration in pre-dialysis CKD patients. An approximation formula including serum total CO2 showed superior diagnostic accuracy for low and high bicarbonate compared with serum total CO2.