미곡 생산의 기상영향 분석

김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),정학균 ( Hak Kyun Jeong ) 한국축산경영학회 2010 농업경영정책연구 Vol.37 No.4

The yield of rice production is affected not only by weather factors but also by technological factors such as breeding, dissemination, and cultivation and policy support as well. The objective of this paper is to measure impacts of weather factors on rice production using logistic functions. The rice yield in Korea has shown a stagnating or decreasing trend since the 2000s. As the factors contributing to such a change in the rice yield, high-quality variety development policy, increase of environment-friendly cultivation, and climate change including temperature rise have been mentioned. The result of an analysis on the factors that have contributed to the stagnation of rice yield in 2002-2003 and 2006-2007 showed that the ``weather`` factor had a far more impact on the yield than the ``technology`` factor. In 2002~2003, weather had a contributing factor of 72.0% whereas technology had a contributing factor of 28.0%. In 2006~2007, weather had a contributing factor of 61.2 % whereas technology had a contributing factor of 38.8%. Among the factors contributing to the rice yield change, the contribution of weather factors appear to have gradually increased such as 16.9% in 1980s, 25.1% in 1990s, and 28.3% in 2000s though its contribution ratio was not very high in the years when meteorological disasters occur.

Evaluation of Chemical Weathering Indices Using Correspondence Analysis

( Yufang Tan ),( Lihui Li ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Chemical weathering indices are used to quantify the extent of rock weathering. Several chemical weathering indices have been proposed that account for the mobility of major element oxides in rocks, but are critically dependent on the parent rock composition and have limited application to certain rock types. Therefore, comprehensive and statistical evaluation of index applications is helpful in the choice of a proper index. In this study, we determined correlations between 11 commonly used indices and rock types using correspondence analysis (CA). The database is about 163 samples of 10 rock types and their chemical weathering indices derived from reported literatures. The CA analysis yields two orthogonal principle factor axes (F1/G1 and F2/G2), which capture 37.7% and 21.2% of total variability, respectively. These two factor axes make up a factor-loading graph, which indicate that certain indices including the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), loss on ignition (LOI), and weathering potential index (WPI) are suitable for weathering grade classification of most rocks. The factor loadings of rock samples of variable weathering grade assemble in three groups in the factor-loading graph and most of them form a linear trend, which is related with mineralogy of the parent rock and the weathering environment. The factor-loading graph has a visual presentation of weathering trends of various rock types, and correlation between weathering indices and rock types. All of the merits suggest that CA is a powerful method for evaluating the applicability of chemical weathering indices.

6․25전쟁시 날씨와 전투사례와의 연계성 연구

반기성 육군군사연구소 2010 군사연구 Vol.- No.130

Military forces, weapons, strategies, tactics, and generalships are the factors that decide the outcome of wars and they apply to not only ancient wars but also modern warfare. However, weather has always been one of the most important factors. The 6․25(Korean War) which was provoked by North Korea 60 years ago was significantly affected by weather in many battles. Korea has very unique weather conditions. It has a rainy season called Jang-ma and 70% of the country is mountainous. The land is inclined and the east is much higher than the west which leads to rivers flowing rapidly along the steep inclines. Korea peninsula is surrounded by three seas, the East Sea, the West Sea, and the South Sea, and it causes extreme changes in the weather. Also, abnormal changes of weather frequently occur. These explain why it was the weather that decided the outcome of Korean War. This report is intended to consider how to deal with weather in the future wars examining the weather factors which determined victory or defeat in the battles of Korean War. In this report, the effect of weather factors by which the outcomes of the 7 battles were decided will be analyzed for the future wars. There are several weather factors classified in this report such as precipitation and poor visibility(Battle of Miari and Battle of Punch Bowl), hot weather(Operation Kean), tides and typhoons(Battle of Incheon), the cold(Battle of Chosin Reservoir and Battle of Nambugun), and abnormal changes of weather(Operation Kean). It is described that what weather factors affected the battles and how these weather factors affected the battles or combat training. Military operations are significantly affected by weather. Therefore, if you make good use of weather information, you can manage military forces cost-effectively and conduct military training efficiently in peace time. You can also secure victory by using weather information during the war. As state-of-the-art weaponry improves, it is important that we maximize efficiency of advanced equipment and change our perception to weather which affects high tech weapons system. For this reason, this report suggests how the army should respond to weather changes. 고대의 원시전쟁에서부터 첨단의 현대전에 이르기까지 전쟁의 승패를 좌우하는 요소로 꼽히는 것은 병력, 무기, 전략과 전술, 제너럴십 등이다. 그러나 어느전쟁이든 날씨는 변함없이 전쟁의 승패에 중요한 요소로 자리 잡고 있다. 60년전 북한의 남침으로 시작되었던 6․25전쟁에서도 날씨는 전투에서 많은영향을 주었다. 특히 우리나라는 세계적으로도 독특한 기상현상이 나타나는 나라이다. 독특한 기상현상인 장마가 있는 나라이다. 산악지형이 70%에 이르며, 동서의 지형 기울기가 심하고, 하천이 급경사를 이루며 흐른다. 서해와 동해, 남해로둘러싸여 기상현상의 변화가 심하다. 기상이변 현상도 자주 발생한다. 그러다 보니 6ㆍ25전쟁에서도 날씨가 전투의 승패를 가른 경우가 많았던 것이다. 과거 6․25전쟁의 전투에서 승패에 영향을 주었던 날씨 요소들을 살펴보고, 장차 전쟁에서 어떻게 대처해야 할 것인가를 살펴보는 것이 중요하다는 판단에서본고를 작성하게 되었다. 본고는 6․25전쟁 당시 날씨가 영향을 주었던 일곱 전투 사례에서 승패에 영향을 주었던 날씨 요소들의 영향을 분석해 장차의 전쟁에도움을 주고자 했다. 날씨요소로는 비와 악시정(미아리와 펀치볼 전투), 무더위(킨 작전), 조수와 태풍(인천상륙작전), 추위(장진호전투, 남부군전투), 기상이변(킨 작전)으로 분류했다. 전투에 영향을 준 날씨요소 및 이런 날씨요소가 전투나훈련에 어떤 영향을 주는가를 서술했다. 군 작전은 날씨에 막대한 영향을 받는다. 따라서 기상을 어떻게 활용하느냐에따라 평시에는 경제적 군 운영 및 효율적인 훈련이 가능하고 전시에는 승리를 담보하는 중요한 정보가 된다. 특히 첨단무기체계가 더욱 정밀화, 고성능화되어 가는 현실에서 장비의 효과를 극대화하고, 또한 첨단무기체계에 영향을 주는 날씨환경에 대한 인식의 전환이 필요하다는 판단 하에 장차 날씨변화에 따른 육군의대응방향에 대해 제언을 하였다.

화강암풍화에 대한 인자분석

임종호 건국대학교 이과대학 지리학과 1992 지역과 환경 Vol.- No.10

The aims of this study are to assess weathering phenomenon and to quantify weathering properties using a cluster and a factor analysis technique. A total of 73 samples were collected from outcrops in study area, 30 March 1989 to 21 December 1992. 32 Physical and Cehmical properties from 50 weathered materials were subjected to cluster and factor analysis. The results of the analysis are summarized as the followings : Results from the factor analysis showed that 86.26% of the total variance in the data set could be accounted for by 8 factor. Factor 1 was readily identi­fied with the geochemical properties and accounts for 26.56% of the total variance. Factor 2 was Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe and was explained 17.28% of the total variance. Factor 3 was Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Fe and was explained 17.28% of the total variance. Factor 3 was Al, Ig­loss, Water contents, and Si and accounts for 12.26% of the total variance. Factor 4 was U, Th, and Zr. Factor 5 was Zn, La. Factor 6 was K, Rb. Factor 7 was attributed to pH. Factor 8 was Mg, Ce and the loading has negative correlation with Ce.

훼손유형별 석조문화재의 풍화양상 비교 연구 Vol.26 No.2 : 여주군 신륵사 석물을 사례로

선진명(Jin myung Sun),성효현(Hyo Hyun Sung) 한국문화역사지리학회 2014 문화 역사 지리 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 여주군 신륵사에 있는 석조문화재의 풍화양상을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 표면풍화와 생물오염 및 변색에 대한 훼손유형별 풍화훼손분류도를 작성하고, 풍화양상의 원인을 구조적, 지형적, 미기후 및 생물적, 인위적 요소를 통해 설명하였다. 구조적으로 대리석 석물은 용해에 따른 훼손점유율이, 화강암 석물은 입상붕괴와 박리박락의 점유율이 높게 나타났으며, 석물의 형태가 풍화조건에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 경사면에 위치한 석물은 사면경사에 따른 지반침하의 영향을 받았다. 미기후 및 생물적 요소로는 표면최고온도가 낮고, 주변의 수목피도가 높은 석물에서 생물오염 및 변색에 따른 훼손율이 높게 나타났다. 인위적으로는 전쟁, 도굴, 부적절한 보존방식, 관광객에 의해 풍화가 심화되는 현상이 발견되었다. This study analyzes weathering characteristics of stoneworks in Silleuksa Temple, Yeoju, Korea. The weathering characteristics are deduced by producing weathering deterioration maps. The maps fall into two categories: surface deterioration and biological contamination and discoloration. The causes of the weathering are understood with structural, geomorphic, micro-climatic and biological, and artificial factors. In terms of the structural factors, solution is prominent in marble one. The granite stoneworks have significant contour scaling based on granular disintegration. The shapes of the stoneworks contribute to weathering conditions. A stonework on a slope has structural damage by land subsidence. For the micro-climatic and biological factors, a stonework with lower surface temperature and higher tree-covering rate has higher deterioration rate. With regard to the artificial factors, some stoneworks are deteriorated by wars, tomb robberies, improper preserving methods or tourists. These results indicate that cautious approach to mitigation of weathering in stoneworks is needed.

기상요소가 장년근로자의 근로손실일수에 미치는 영향

최재욱,김태완,이찬식 한국건설관리학회 2019 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

With the aging of the population and the slowdown of the job market, elderly workers make up a large portion of the construction workforce. Also, due to the nature of the construction industry, where outdoor work is frequent, the weather has a more sensitive impact on elderly workers than on younger ones. The study aims to analyze the degree of weather risks exposed to elderly workers in the construction industry using the measure of work loss days. To that end, construction accidents that affected 28,514 elderly workers in seven cities from 2012 to 2016 (a total of 12,789 days) were analyzed to calculate work loss days per different weather factors. The results show that the elderly workers were seriously affected when the temperature was between –12℃ and –10℃, humidity between 55% and 60%, precipitation between 128㎜ and 181㎜, and wind speed between 5.5㎧ and 6.5㎧, with the highest work loss days. The combined effects between the weather factors were also analyzed to identify the condition that leaded to high work loss days of elderly workers. This study contributes to effective safety management and pleasant working environment between weather factors and shedding light on the relationship between weather factors and work loss days of elderly workers.

미세먼지(PM)와 기상요인이 실내외 관광지 방문객 유치에 미치는 영향

강봉조 ( Kang Bong Jo ),홍성화 ( Hong Sung Hwa ) 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2019 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose - Weather factors have a major impact on the tourism industry. Research on this issue is actively underway. However, while the interest of Particulate Matters is growing, research on Particulate Matters is lacking in the field of tourism. Research design, data, and methodology - Weather factors and Particulate Matters try to influence how they attract visitors to indoor-outdoor attractions. Especially, we try to distinguish tourist sites from indoor and outdoor. And I want to find out the difference between the influence of Particulate Matters and weather factors. Result - Particulate Matters are more influential on outdoor attractions than indoor tourist attractions. In order to attract visitors from tourist sites, weather factors have a greater impact than Particulate Matters. And the Particulate Matters and weather factors are highly related. Conclusions - This study confirms that Particulate Matters is affecting attracting visitors to tourist attractions. Further research is needed to see if behavior changes due to Particulate Matters recognition of actual tourists.

사과생산량에 영향을 미치는 기상요인 분석

김미리 ( Mi Ri Kim ),김승규 ( Seung Gyu Kim ) 한국농림기상학회 2014 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Crops and varieties are mostly affected by temperature, the amount of precipitation, and duration of sunshine. This study aims to identify the weather factors that directly influence to apple yield among the series of daily measured weather variables during growing seasons. In order to identify them, 1) a priori natural scientific knowledge with respect to the growth stage of apples and 2) pure statistical approaches to minimize bias due to the subject selection of variables are considered. Each result estimated by the Panel regression using fixed/random effect models is evaluated through suitability (i.e., Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion) and predictability (i.e., mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean absolute percentage). The Panel data of apple yield and weather factors are collected from fifteen major producing areas of apples from 2006 to 2013 in Korea for the case study. The result shows that variable selection using factor analysis, which is one of the statistical approaches applied in the analysis, increases predictability and suitability most. It may imply that all the weather factors are important to predict apple yield if statistical problems, such as multicollinearity and lower degree of freedom due to too many explanatory variables used in the regression, can be controlled effectively. This may be because whole growth stages, such as germination, florescence, fruit setting, fatting, ripening, coloring, and harvesting, are affected by weather.

기상 정보를 이용한 의류제품의 판매량 예측 모형 연구

홍진환,이현정 韓國商品學會 2013 商品學硏究 Vol.31 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구구에서는 날씨가 의류제품의 판매에 영향을 미친다는 기존 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 기상 요인들이 의류 제품의 판매에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 과거 데이터에 대한 시계열분석을 통해서 판매량 예측 모형을 제시한다. 연구설계 및 방법론: 국내 유명 의류 제조업체의 각 품목별 일일 판매 데이터와 기상 정보 데이터의 분석을 통해서 기상 요인들이 판매에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이를 바탕으로 ARIMA 모델을 이용한 판매 예측 모형을 개발한다. 분석 및 연구 결과: 각 의류 품목에 계절 ARIMA 모형을 적용하여, 계절적 요인과 기온이나 강수량 등의 기상요인, 휴일 효과, 세일 기간 등을 포함한 시계열 판매량 예측 모형을 도출하였으며, 예측값이 얼마나 정확한지 확인하였다. 시사점 및 연구의 한계점: 의류 제품은 날씨가 판매량에 많은 영향을 미치는 계절 상품으로서, 의류 업체들은 기상 정보를 마케팅에 활용하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 기상 정보를 활용한 의류제품의 판매량 예측 모형은 기상 변화에 따른 생산 및 주문 시기 조정, 재고관리, 판촉 전략 등 기업의 날씨 마케팅에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 향후 연구 방향: 데이터의 한계가 있으며, 향후 연구는 의류 판매에 영향을 미치는 다른 변수들이나, 다른 기업의 데이터들을 포함하여, 연구의 타당성을 높이는 방향이 필요하다. 공헌점: 의류 제품은 날씨가 판매량에 많은 영향을 미치는 계절 상품으로서, 의류 업체들은 기상 정보를 마케팅에 활용하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 기상 정보가 판매에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증 연구로서 의미가 있다. Purpose: This study proposes a sales forecast model of apparel products using meteorological factors and the daily sales data from a leading Korean clothing company, based on previous studies on the influence of weather on the sales of apparel products. Design/methodology/approach: We analyze the influence of weather on the sales of each item, and propose a sales forecast model using a seasonal time-series ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model. This model considers seasonal factors, meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation, and weekend factors to forecast the sales of each item. Results/findings: We identify the effects of meteorological factors on the sales of apparel products, and then we forecast the revenue using this model. Finally, we verify the accuracy of the sales forecast model. Research implications/limitations: Apparel products are widely recognized as seasonal products that are significantly affected by meteorological factors. The sales forecast model of apparel products considering real daily sales data and meteorological factors is expected to be used in diverse parts of weather marketing such as production and ordering, inventory management, and sales promotion. Future work/research: Future study must improve the forecast model validity of this study by adding other variables that influence sales, and by using sales data from other companies Originality/value: Fashion and apparel companies make efforts to use meteorological information for marketing. The contribution of this study can be found in the empirical test of the sales forecast model of apparel products, including real daily sales data and meteorological factors.

도로기상요인의 영향에 따른 고속도로 교통상황 유형 분류

심상우(Shim Sangwoo),최기주(Choi Keechoo) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.29 No.6D

본 연구는 다양한 기상 요인의 영향 정도에 따른 속도 변화를 분석하여 고속도로의 교통상황 분류를 목적으로 하였다. 서해대교의 RWIS와 VDS 자료를 활용하여 요인분석한 결과 교통상황에 영향을 주는 기상요인은 날씨, 온도, 시정거리로 나타났다. 각 요인에 따른 교통상황을 분류하기 위해 요인별로 분산분석을 실시한 결과 날씨는 맑음과 강우, 온도는 5℃ 이하와 이상, 시정거리는 강우 시에만 10㎞ 이하와 이상으로 분류되어 총 5개 유형의 교통상황으로 분류되었다. 보다 원활한 교통 관리를 위해 각 상황별로 교통량-속도 모형을 추정하였으나 분석자료의 부족으로 설명력은 다소 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 장기간의 자료를 본 연구에서 제시된 분석과정에 입각하여 분석할 경우 기상요인에 따른 유형별 교통관리가 기능할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this paper is to classify the traffic condition in freeway by the impacts of road weather. The factor analysis showed that weather factors, which are considered as influential, are identified as weather condition (rain or clear), temperature and sight distance with RWIS and VDS data in Seohae bridge used. The result of ANOVA shows that weather is divided into clear and rainy; temperature into below and equal or above 5℃; and sight distance into below or equal or above 10㎞. Based on those factors, the freeway traffic condition has been classified as five different types. The flow-speed model for each traffic conditions was proposed, which was not significant due to the lack of smaple data. Although not sufficient, the methodology to categorize traffic situation model presented in this paper may shed light on the idea for the future and can be used for proper traffic management for each weather condition.