식품과 화장품의 안전 소재를 이용한 석탄 자연발화 억제에 대한 연구

전수만,김영희 한국응용과학기술학회 2022 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Spontaneous ignition occurs in industrial sites or anywhere in our lives, and is a phenomenon in which a substance ignites itself without an ignition source in the atmosphere. As the rate of chemical reaction increases, the heat generated increases, and the risk of spontaneous ignition increases. In this study, safe raw materials used for food and cosmetics were mixed to prepare coal spontaneous ignition prevention agents specifically among various spontaneous ignition phenomena. The effect of suppressing spontaneous combustion of coal was confirmed through lab and field tests with low-calorie, low-grade coal from Indonesia. As a result of the outdoor field test, the ignition prevention agent manufactured in this study compared with the control group(Fire after 90 days) showed excellent ignition inhibitors for more than 120 days. In addition, CO concentration control was confirmed by comparing the concentration of carbon monoxide for 50 days at the indoor coal yard. It was confirmed that the results were better than the comparative group coal and the existing anti-firing method. In addition, the possibility of coal fire prevention agents for indoor coal farms will be applied from 2024 was confirmed by studying the environment and safety of workers’ working environments through official test such as soil and water quality test, MSDS of coal fire prevention agents in consideration of working workers, water quality, and eye irritation tests. 자연발화 현상은 산업현장 또는 우리 생활 속 어디에서나 발생하며 물질이 대기 중에서 점화원 없이 스스로 발화되는 현상이다. 화학반응 속도가 빨라져 발생하는 열이 증가하게 되어 자연발화의 위험성은 더욱 커진다. 본 연구에서는 식품과 화장품 소재로 이용되는 안전한 원료를 배합하여 다양한 자연발화 현상 중 특히 석탄 자연발화 방지제를 제조하였다. 인도네시아산 저열량, 저급탄에 대한 Lab 과 Field Test를 통하여 석탄 자연발화 억제 효과를 확인하였다. 옥외 현장 테스트 결과, 비교군(90일 후발화)에 비하여 본 연구에서 제조한 발화방지제는 120일 이상 우수한 자연 발화억제 효과를 나타내었으며 실내저탄장에서 50일 동안의 CO의 농도변화를 비교하여 CO 농도 제어 효과를 확인하였다. 비교군인 석탄, 기존의 발화 방지 방법보다 우수한 결과를 확인하였다. 또한, 환경을 고려한 토양 및 수질 시험, 작업 근로자를 고려한 발화방지제의 MSDS, 수질, 안 자극 등의 공인시험을 통하여 환경과 근로자 작업환경의 안전성 등을 연구하여 2024년부터 적용되는 실내저탄장용 석탄 발화방지제의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

혈소판 유래 성장인자에 의한 자연 동맥문합에 관한 연구

양연모,홍성표,이두형 경희대학교 1996 慶熙醫學 Vol.12 No.3-4

상황이야기 중재가 자폐성 장애 아동의 자발적 발화에 미치는 효과

전상신,김은경 한국특수교육학회 2009 특수교육학연구 Vol.44 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine whether social story intervention increases the spontaneous utterance of children with autistic disorder. For this purpose, three children with autistic disorder were selected and multiple prove baseline design across subjects has been used. The intervention was practiced in classroom during the break time. Evaluation was made for 15-minute observation session of education activities using event recording system and anecdotal records. The evaluation was made after intervention. The 2 generalization sessions were conducted to examine the generalization across setting. Two weeks after the intervention was completed, maintenance effects were evaluated in the same setting as the baseline condition. The results of this study showed as follows: First, the social story intervention programs were effective to increase the spontaneous initiation-utterance for the children with autistic disorder. Second, the social story intervention programs were effective to increase the spontaneous response-utterance for the children with autistic disorder. Third, frequency of spontaneous utterance increased during interventions period was generalized in three children with autistic disorder. Fourth, frequency of spontaneous utterance increased during intervention period was maintained after stoping the intervention. These results indicated that the social story intervention is effective for increasing spontaneous utterance of children with autistic disorder and also for generalizing and maintaining the spontaneity. More than 60% of the studies that applied social story intervention focused on reducing problem behaviors of children with autistic disorder. However, this study is significant for expanding communicative behaviors of children with autistic disorder like increasing their spontaneous utterance. Moreover, it is also significant for presenting target children's changes more concretely by analyzing the collected materials based on visual analysis and anecdotal records. Follow-up studies should continue to research systematically and scientifically based on the existing studies. 본 연구에서는 상황이야기 중재가 자폐성 장애아동의 자발적 발화에 미치는 효과와 중재가 끝난 후에도 효과가 일반화되고 유지되는지를 알아보았다. 연구대상은 일반학교의 특수학급에 입급된 초등 1-2학년의 자폐성 장애 아동 3명이며, 실험설계는 대상자간 중다 간헐 기초선 설계를 사용하였다. 중재는 각 아동의 능력과 특성에 맞게 제작된 상황이야기 책을 함께 읽는 것으로 각 대상아동들의 특수학급에서 쉬는 시간에 실시하였다. 목표 행동에 대한 관찰은 수업시간에 이루어졌으며 교사와 또래들과의 상호작용 중 나타나는 대상아동들의 자발적 발화를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 상황이야기 중재는 자폐성 장애 아동의 자발적 시도 발화와 자발적 반응발화를 증가시켰으며 중재가 이루어지지 않은 다른 장소에서도 일반화되었고 중재가 종료된 후 유지되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 상항이야기 중재는 자폐성 장애 아동의 자발화를 촉진하는데 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있으며 교사에게 교실 상황에서 자폐성 장애 아동에게 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 상황이야기의 틀을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

상황이야기 중재자 자폐성 장애 아동의 자발적 발화에 미치는 효과

전상신(Jeon, Sang Shin),김은경(Kim, Eun Kyung) 한국특수교육학회 2009 특수교육학연구 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구에서는 상황이야기 중재가 자폐성 장애아동의 자발적 발화에 미치는 효과와 중재가 끝난 후에도 효과가 일반화되고 유지되는지를 알아보았다. 연구대상은 일반학교의 특수학급에 입급된 초등 1-2학년의 자폐성 장애 아동 3명이며, 실험설계는 대상자간 중다 간헐 기초선 설계를 사용하였다. 중재는 각 아동의 능력과 특성에 맞게 제작된 상황이야기 책을 함께 읽는 것으로 각 대상아동들의 특수학급에서 쉬는 시간에 실시하였다. 목표 행동에 대한 관찰은 수업시간에 이루어졌으며 교사와 또래들과의 상호작용 중 나타나는 대상아동들의 자발적 변화를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 상황이야기 중재는 자폐성 장애 아동의 자발적 시도 발화와 자발적 반응발화를 증가시켰으며 중재가 이루어지지 않은 다른 장소에서도 일반화되었고 중재가 종료된 후 유지되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 상황이야기 중재는 자폐성 장애 아동에게 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 상황이야기의 틀을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine whether social intervention increases the spontaneous utterance of children with autistic disorder. For this purpose, three children with autistic disorder were selected and multiple prove baseline design across subjects has been used. The intervention was practiced in classroom during the break time. Evaluation was made for 15-minute observation session of education activities using event recording system and anecdotal records. The evaluation was made after intervention. The 2 generalization sessions were conducted to examine the generalization across setting. Two weeks after the intervention was completed, maintenance effects were evaluated in the same setting as the baseline condition. The results of this study showed as follows: First, the social story intervention programs were effective to increase the spontaneous initiation-utterance for the children with autistic disorder. Second, the social story intervention programs were effective to increase the spontaneous response-utterance for the children with autistic disorder. Third, frequency of spontaneous utterance increased during interventions period was generalized in three children with autistic disorder. Fourth, frequency of spontaneous utterance increased during intervention period was maintained after stopping the intervention. These results indicated that the social story intervention is effective for increasing spontaneous utterance of children with autistic disorder and also for generalizing and maintaining the spontaneity. More than 60% of the studies that applied social story intervention focused on reducing problem behaviors of children with autistic disorder. However, this study is significant for expanding communicative behaviors of children with autistic disorder like increasing their spontaneous utterance. Moreover, it is also significant for presenting target children's changes more concretely by analyzing the collected materials based on visual analysis and anecdotal records. Follow-up studies should continue to research systematically and scientifically based on the existing studies.

소아의 소장 중첩증의 치료 : 자연 정복 vs 수술적 치료

김은영,정규환,박태진,박귀원,정성은,김현영,Kim, Eun-Young,Jung, Kyu-Whan,Park, Tae-Jin,Park, Kwi-Won,Jung, Sung-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Young 대한소아외과학회 2010 소아외과 Vol.16 No.2

Unreduced small bowel intussusception requires operative treatment although the rate of spontaneous reduction is 60 to 70 %. The aim of this study is to compare clinical characteristics and outcome between spontaneous reduction and operation group and to analyze factors related to decisions to treat small bowel intussusceptions. The records of 25 patients with small bowel intussusceptions treated in Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1999 to August 2009 were reviewed respectively. Spontaneous reduction group (n=12, 48 %) had signs and symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, currant jelly stool, abdominal distension, fever, increased CRP but no rebound tenderness. One of them had been diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and no one displayed pathologic leading point by image study. Operation group (n=13, 52 %) consisted of patients who had primary surgery. Their signs and symptoms were similar to spontaneous reduction group. Seven of them had underlying diseases such as Crohn' disease, ALL, Lymphoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (n=3), post-transplanted state of liver and 2 of them displayed Peutz-Jeghers polyp and Meckel's diverticulum as pathologic leading point by preoperative ultrasonography. Mean relieve interval (interval between onset of symptoms and reduction/operation) was 1.78 days in spontaneous reduction group and 2.25 days in operation group (p=0.341). Seven of operation group had manual reduction and 6 out of 7 received segmental resection of the small bowel. No one of them underwent manual reduction and all of them underwent segmental resection were found to have pathologic leading points [Peutz-Jeghers polyp (n=3), Meckel's diverticulum (n=2), lymphoma (n=1)] during operation. In conclusion, 48% of small bowel intussusceptions resolved spontaneously. Patients' symptoms and relieve intervals were not related to the operative decisions. We therefore recommend significant factors for determining treatment plan such as change of clinical symptoms, underlying disease or pathologic leading point by imaging.

Is placental KISS-1 expression associated with first trimester abortion spontaneous?

( Eser Colak ),( Emel Ebru Ozcimen ),( Ozgur Hilal Erinanç ),( Yusuf Aytac Tohma ),( Mehmet Ufuk Ceran ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4

Objective Several studies have examined biological markers during the first trimester to predict the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. One such marker is kisspeptin, which is encoded by the KISS-1 gene. We aimed to determine whether firsttrimester pregnancy losses were associated with levels of placental KISS-1 expression. Methods This prospective case control study was conducted at a tertiary center. The study group included 27 and 24 patients who underwent dilation and curettage at <10 weeks of gestation, due to first trimester spontaneous pregnancy loss and for elective termination (control), respectively. Placental and decidual tissues from all patients were sectioned and immunohistochemically analyzed for kisspeptin. Results Age, gravida status, parity number, gestational week, and number of previous abortions did not significantly differ between the groups. KISS-1 expression levels were significantly lower in the group with spontaneous abortion compared with the group with elective termination. The median staining intensity of KISS-1 expression in the elective and spontaneous termination groups were 3 (strong) and 2 (moderate), respectively (P=0.004). KISS-1 expression levels were significantly lower among patients with previous abortions in the elective termination group (P=0.002). Conclusion KISS-1 expression levels were found to be significantly reduced in patients with spontaneous pregnancy loss; KISS-1 plays an important role in the implantation and continuation of pregnancy.

자연물을 활용한 숲 체험 놀이가 발달지체 유아의 자발화에 미치는 영향

진정민(Jin, Jeong-Min),최윤희(Choi, Yun-Hee),김지은(Kim, Ji-Eun) 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2016 특수교육 Vol.15 No.2

연구목적: 언어는 발달지체 유아의 의사소통능력 증진과 사회적 적응을 위해 반드시 습득되어져야 하는 기술이다. 그러나 발달지체 유아들은 타인과의 의사소통에 있어 자발성이 부족하다. 발달지체 유아가 자발성을 갖고 자신의 의사소통 의도를 타인에게 표현하도록 하는 자발화를 촉진하는 것은 유아의 사회적 상호작용의 기초를 마련해 주는 매우 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자연물을 활용한 숲 체험 놀이가 발달지체 유아의 자발화를 증가시키는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 대상자간 간헐 중다기초선 설계를 사용하여 기초선, 중재, 일반화, 유지의 단계로 실험을 실시하였다. 중재 종료 후 대상 유아들의 일반화를 관찰하였으며, 유지효과는 중재 종료 3주후에 기초선과 동일한 상황에서 측정하였다. 연구결과: 자연물을 활용한 숲 체험 놀이는 대상 유아들의 자발화 빈도를 증가시켰으며 중재가 종료된 후에도 일반화되고 유지되었다. 결론: 자연물을 활용한 숲 체험 놀이가 발달지체 유아의 자발화를 증가시키는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 자연물을 활용한 숲체험 놀이가 발달지체 유아의 자발화 빈도를 증가시키기 위한 효과적인 전략으로 제시될 수 있다. Purpose: Language is one of the essential skills for promoting communication capacity and social adjustment behavior. Children with development delay, however, are insufficient in communicating spontaneously with others. It can be necessary to facilitate to pontaneously express their intention for establishing the basis of the social communication. This study was to investigate the effect of spontaneous speech on forest plays experience programs for developmental delays. Method: The experimental design was a multiple probe baseline across subject designs. Experimental conditions at baseline, interventions, and generalization and maintenance phases were performed. Results: First, the ecological experience program increased the frequency of spontaneous speech of all three participants. Second, the increased frequency of spontaneous speech of all three participants were generalized and maintained after withdrawal of the intervention. Conclusion: The ecological experience program using natural objects showed a positive effect on the frequency of spontaneous speech of children with developmental delays. Therefore, this kind of activity can be a presented as a effective strategy for developing the frequency of their spontaneity.

파스퇴르와 푸셰의 논쟁으로부터 살펴본 1860년대 프랑스에서의 자연발생 논란과 그 영향

김성현(Sunghyun Kim) 한국창조과학회 2022 Origin Research Journal Vol.2 No.2

사람들은 관찰을 통해 동물은 자연발생한다는 것을 고대로부터 사실로 받아들였다. 17세기 레디는 비로소 실험을 통해 구더기는 자연발생하지 않음을 증명하였다. 그러나 미생물의 자연발생에 관해선 18세기 니담과 스팔란자니의 논쟁에도 불구하고 여전히 해결되지 않은 상태로 있었다. 19세기 중반 프랑스에서는 푸셰에 의해 자연발생설이 새로이 대두되었다. 파스퇴르는 발효에 관한 그의 연구를 바탕으로 이러한 주장에 반대하면서 파스퇴르와 푸셰와의 논쟁이 시작되었다. 양측은 실험을 바탕으로 자신의 주장을 함으로써 논쟁은 수년간 계속되었다. 첫번째 논쟁은 파스퇴르가 프랑스 학술원이 제시한 실험을 성공적으로 수행하여 상과 상금을 획득함으로써 파스퇴르의 승리로 일단락이 되었으나 푸셰와 그의 동료들이 곧바로 파스퇴르에 도전하면서 논쟁의 2라운드가 시작되었다. 학술원은 양편에 동일한 실험을 하여 결과를 제출할 것을 제시하였으나 푸셰측은 부주의한 실험에 대한 파스퇴르의 지적, 위원회의 요구사항에 대한 불만 등으로 실험을 철회함으로써 논쟁은 끝났으며 파스퇴르의 승리가 확정되었다. 이후 파스퇴르에 대한 여러 비판에도 불구하고 자연발생설은 부정되었고 더 이상 등장하지 않았으나 아이러니하게도 화학 반응에 기초한 생명의 무생명발생설이 등장하여 오늘날에 이르고 있다. Through observation, people have accepted from ancient times that animals arise spontaneously. In the 17th century, Redi experimentally proved that maggots did not appear spontaneously but arised from fly’s eggs. However, spontaneous generation of microorganisms remained still unresolved despite arguments between Needam and Spallanzani in the 18th century. In France in the mid-19th century, the doctrine of spontaneous generation was newly emerged by Pouchet. Pasteur-Pouchet controversy over this doctrine began when Pasteur, based on his research on fermentation, stood against Pouchet. The debate continued for several years, with both sides making their cases based on experiments. The first debate ended when Pasteur successfully conducted experiments suggested by the French Academy of Science and won prizes, but the second round of the debate soon began when Pouchet and his colleagues challenged Pasteur. The Academy suggested that the two sides submit the results by conducting the same experiments. But the Pouchet side withdrew from the competition due to Pasteurs criticism of their carelessness in experiments and their dissatisfaction about the committees requirements, which ended the debate and confirmed Pasteurs victory. Despite various criticisms for Pasteur, the doctrine of spontaneous generation was denied and no longer appeared since then, but ironically, the theory of abiogenesis based on chemical reactions has emerged to this day.

조영증강 안와 전산화단층촬영 후 자연 호전된 목동맥해면굴샛길

김병진(Byung Jin Kim),박혜연(Hye Yeon Park),신혜영(Hye Young Shin) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.10

목적: 조영제를 사용한 안와 전산화단층촬영 후 목동맥해면굴샛길이 자연적으로 폐쇄된 증례 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 증례요약: 80세 여자 환자가 내원 1개월 전 비정기적 안과 검진에서 좌안의 안압상승이 확인되었으며, 만성폐쇄각녹내장 의심하에 의뢰되었다. 좌안에서 결막충혈과 corkscrew 양상의 결막혈관의 확장을 보이며, 지속적인 고안압과 중심망막정맥폐쇄가 안저상으로 확인되었다. 이에 시행한 안와 전산화단층촬영에서 좌측 위눈정맥의 확장이 관찰되었으며, 목동맥해면굴샛길이 의심되어 진단을 위한 뇌혈관조영술촬영을 위해 신경외과에 의뢰하였다. 하지만, 2주 뒤 시행한 뇌혈관조영에서는 목동맥해면굴샛길이 관찰되지 않았다. 이후 8개월에 걸쳐 임상양상이 서서히 호전되어 목동맥해면굴샛길의 자연폐쇄가 일어났음을 추측할 수 있었다. 결론: 목동맥해면굴샛길 환자에서 조영제를 사용한 안와 전산화단층촬영 촬영 후 자연폐쇄될 가능성이 있으며, 임상증상이 호전되는 일련의 경과에 대해 아는 것이 중요하다. Purpose: We report a case of spontaneous closure of a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) after contrast-enhanced orbit computed tomography (CT). Case summary: A 80-year-old female was referred to our clinic under suspicion of chronic angle- closure glaucoma because of persistently high intraocular pressure commencing one month prior. Slit-lamp examination revealed a conjunctival injection and corkscrew-like vessel dilatation in the left eye, and a high intraocular pressure. Dilated fundus examination revealed central retinal vein occlusion in that eye. Contrast-enhanced orbit CT revealed a dilated, superior ophthalmic vein in the left orbit, and she was transferred to our department of neurosurgery for digital subtraction angiography (DSA); this is the gold standard imaging modality for the diagnosis of direct and indirect CCFs. DSA was performed two weeks after orbit CT; however, no CCF was visible. Thereafter, the conjunctival injection and the elevated intraocular pressure improved gradually over eight months. We suspect that the CCF closed spontaneously. Conclusions: Our case highlights the fact that a CCF can close spontaneously after contrast-enhanced orbit CT; ophthalmologists may wish to bear this in mind. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2021;62(10):1455-1458

의도적 유치발치술에 의한 이소매복 영구치의 맹출유도

최인영,김승혜,김성오,최형준,이제호,최병재,손흥규,송제선 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

맹출에 관계되는 여러 요소가 부정적으로 작용할 때 맹출장애가 유발될 수 있다. 맹출장애의 일종인 매복이 발생할 경우 주 기적인 관찰, 공간확보, 외과적노출, 교정적견인, 외과적노출과 교정적견인의 병행, 발거 후 자가치아이식 등의 방법을 고려 할 수 있다. 첫 번째 증례는 9세 남환에서 상악 좌측 측절치의 수평매복을 발견하여 상악 좌측 유측절치 및 유견치를 발거 후 5개월 뒤 개창술(window opening)을 시행한 증례로, 8개월의 정기검진시 치아가 부분맹출 하였으며 18개월 후 매복된 상악 좌측 측 절치가 치축이 개선되며 자발적으로 맹출하였다. 두 번째 증례는 10세 남환에서 상악 우측 제1소구치의 이소매복을 발견하여 상악 우측 제 1 유구치를 발거한 증례로, 10개월 뒤 치아가 부분맹출하였으며 19개월 후 매복된 상악 우측 제1소구치가 자발 적으로 맹출하였다. 본 증례들에서 이소매복된 영구치는 맹출경로에 있는 유치의 의도적 발거 후 경과관찰을 한 결과 맹출 위치의 개선 및 자발 적 맹출이 유도되었기에 보고하는 바이다. When many factors involved in the eruption of the teeth act as negative effects, they can cause eruption disturbance. Periodic observation, space acquirement, surgical exposure, orthodontic traction, orthodontic traction accompanied with surgical exposure, and surgical repositioning are considered as the treatment options of an impacted tooth, which is a form of eruption disturbance. In the first case, a male patient, age 9, visited Yonsei University Dental Hospital (YUDH) with a chief complaint of ectopic impaction of the upper left lateral incisor. We extracted the upper left primary lateral incisor and primary canine, and 5 months later, a window opening procedure was executed. Eight months later, the upper left lateral incisor partially erupted, and 18 months after the extraction, the axis of the tooth improved and the tooth erupted spontaneously. In the second case, a male patient, age 10, visited YUDH with a chief complaint of ectopic impaction of the upper right first premolar. We extracted the upper right first primary molar. Ten months later, the upper right first premolar erupted partially, and 19 months after the extraction, the upper right first premolar erupted spontaneously. We reported two cases in which improvement of eruption path and spontaneous eruption of an ectopic impacted tooth was achieved by extracting the deciduous tooth which interfered with the proper eruption of it.