중국 송대 천주지역의 조선업

김대식 ( Kim Dae-sik ) 대구사학회 2021 대구사학 Vol.142 No.-

송대는 대외정세의 혼란에 대한 방비와 국내 상업과 해상무역의 발달 등을 이유로 중국사에서 조선업이 가장 활발하게 일어났던 시대다. 국가적인 지원과 수요를 바탕으로 송대 조선업은 관영과 민영을 가리지 않고 전국적으로 조선소가 번성했다. 그중에서 가장 두각을 드러낸 지역이 중국 대륙의 남동해안에 있는 복건지방의 천주지역이다. 당시에 천주 일대는 전국에서 조선업이 가장 발달했고 성능이 좋은 선박을 건조하는 지역으로 정평이 났었는데, 이는 천주가 조선업의 측면에서 상당한 역사적 배경과 입지조건을 가지고 있었기 때문에 가능했다. 천주는 지정학적인 측면에서 여타 지방과 달리 조선업이 발달할 만한 외적 요인을 찾기 힘들다. 하지만 송대에 나타나는 명성만큼이나 천주는 일찍이 앞선 시기부터 조선업이 발달해왔으며 대형 선박을 지을 준비가 돼 있었다. 이는 무엇보다 천주 일대 대부분 면적을 차지하는 광대한 산림 때문에 가능했다. 특히 선박재로 적합한 나무들이 산림 곳곳에 분포했기에 조선업 발달 요인으로써 주요한 물적 토대가 될 수 있었다. 송대 이후 더욱 활발해지는 연해 지방의 해상무역은 천주 일대의 농민에서 황족에 이르기까지 전 계층이 조선업을 이용하게 했다. 이들은 직접 선박을 만들거나 장인에게 위탁하고, 이도 안 되면 선박의 일정공간을 빌리기까지 해서 상업 활동에 직·간접적으로 참여했다. 이처럼 조선업은 좁게는 천주를 위시한 복건의 경제활동을 변화시켰으며, 넓게는 우수한 선박으로 해상무역의 규모까지 확대한 중요한 요인이다. 천주 일대에서 건조된 선박들은 원양에서도 뛰어난 내구성을 바탕으로 안전하게 항해할 수 있었으며, 여타 선박과 비교하면 상당히 빠른 항해속도는 무역에 소요되는 시간을 단축했다. 또한, 선박의 대형화는 막대한 화물을 실을 수 있게 해서 천주 일대 상인들의 이윤 증대를 불러왔다. 천주민들의 경제활동에 중요한 수단으로 자리해온 천주의 조선업은 산림의 풍부한 선박재를 기반으로 발달할 수 있었으며 마침내 당말부터 촉발된 해상무역의 열풍에서 결실을 봤다. 이처럼 천주를 송대의 무역 중심지로 성장시킨 요인은 조선업이었고, 그런 천주의 조선업이 가능했던 것은 산림자원이기에 조선업과 산림은 천주 발전의 주요한 내적 요인이자 원동력이라 할 수 있다. The era of Song Dynasty has been the period, during which the activities of the shipbuilding industries were most active in China as it needed to prevent the potential impact from the disturbing overseas situation and cope with the development of domestic commerce and maritime trade. Based on the national support and demand, the shipyard industry flourished nationwide regardless of official or private one. The most prominent area was Quanzhou area in F ujian province, located on the south east coast of mainland China. At that time, the shipbuilding industry was more highly developed in the whole area surrounding Quanzhou than any other places in China and it was already well known for building the ships with excellent performance. This was possible because Quanzhou had corresponding historical background as well as the conditions of location suitable for the development of shipbuilding industry. In terms of geopolitics, it is hard to find any specific external factors which helped Quanzhou to take the lead in the shipbuilding industry in comparison with other provinces. However, as much as the reputation enjoyed by Quanzhou in Song Dynasty years, the shipbuilding industry in Quanzhou had been developed since the early days so it was already ready to build the large-sized ships at that time. Most of all, this was possible thanks to the vast forests that occupied most of the area in that region. Especially, the trees suitable for the wooden materials to be used for shipbuilding were scattered throughout the forests, while providing a major physical foundation for the development of the shipbuilding industry in the region. The maritime trade in the coastal area, which became more active since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, induced the entire classes, ranging from peasant farmers to the royal family, to take advantage of the shipbuilding industry. They took part in commercial activities directly or indirectly, either by building ships themselves, or by commissioning them to craftsmen, or even by renting certain space of the ships. As such, in narrow meaning, the shipbuilding industry has brought the changes in the economic activities of Fujian province, including Quanzhou, and, in wider aspect, it served as an important factor contributing to the expansion of the scale of maritime trade by providing the fleets of vessels with more advanced performance. The vessels built in the area around Q uanzhou were able to sail safely even on deep seas thanks to the remarkable durability of those ships and their sailing speed significantly faster than other vessels have reduced the sailing time required for trade. In addition, the enlargement of the size of vessels has enabled the loading of enormous quantity of merchandise aboard and brought the increased profitability to the merchants around Quanzhou accordingly. The development of Quanzhou's shipbuilding industry, which has settled as an important means of economic activity for the people of Quanzhou, was possible on the basis of abundant shipbuilding materials available from the vast forests. This eventually came to bear fruit in the boom of the maritime trade that began to erupt at the end years of Tang Dynasty. As such, it was a shipbuilding industry that made Quanzhou to become a trading center in the years of Song Dynasty and it was the resource of the forests that made such a successful shipbuilding industry feasible, so it can be said that both the shipbuilding industry and the forests were the major internal base and driving force for the economic development of Quanzhou. (Keimyung University / kds3088@naver.com)

Study on the Effect of the Smart Factory applying GPM Performance Small and Medium Enterprises(Focusing on the shipbuilding equipment industry)

민병수(Byung-Soo Min) 캐롤라인유니버시티(글로벌융복합학회) 2021 글로벌융복합학회 학술발표집 Vol.2021 No.-

The 4th industrial revolution is hitting the entire industry these days, and the Korean shipbuilding industry has been experiencing unprecedented difficulties in the wake of the slowdown of the shipbuilding and offshore industries that started in 2014 and the low-price offensive from China, a late shipbuilding country. As a result, it has been restructuring skilled and high-level personnel for the survival of the industry. Recently, ship orders from domestic shipyards are increasing due to an increase in ship orders due to oil price hikes. It has regained the world's No. 1 position, which was lost to China, and the ship price is also getting out of the worst situation. Shipbuilding equipment manufacturers that are vertically integrated with shipyards to produce and deliver equipment are also suffering from a double burden of declining shipbuilding volumes and lowering production costs. Production process innovation and factory automation are essential in order to produce the increasing number of orders for ships according to the set delivery date and production cost in a situation where the infrastructure is collapsing due to the retirement and aging of highly skilled workers. In this situation, shipbuilding equipment makers are focusing their attention on building a smart factory, and some companies are implementing smart factory introduction and digital cluster projects, and more companies are reviewing them. In particular, the shipbuilding equipment industry, the target industry of this study, is the back-end of the shipbuilding industry that manufactures and supplies 55-60% of the shipbuilding cost of the shipbuilding industry, a key industry in Korea. In this study, in order to suggest alternatives on how these companies should prepare for the establishment of a smart factory, which is absolutely necessary for factory automation and productivity improvement, and to suggest a direction for efficiently promoting the project, new research models and hypotheses were presented based on the theories revealed through the review of previous studies. In the research model setting, the GPM capability of organization, manpower, and process, which are factors that smart factory establishment has on the performance of SMEs, is set as independent variables, and integrated PM maturity and smart factory introduction level are set as mediating variable, and corporate performance (non-financial perspective and financial perspective) were set as dependent variables to enable hypothesis testing. For a survey while conducting this study, a total of 341 people were targeted and their opinions were collected, including employees who were related to the research topic while the researcher worked at the shipyard for 33 years, officials from companies that manufacture and deliver shipbuilding equipment, and personnel from the Shipbuilding & Marine Equipment Cooperatives. Since the answers to the questionnaire were received from the workers of shipyards and equipment companies currently employed, the reality is reflected, and the impact on project performance through smart factory establishment of shipbuilding equipment and equipment companies as well as academic value can be verified in advance. It has great significance as a research study, so it will be a guideline for building a smart factory for shipbuilding equipment makers. In summary, this is the first study to study the effect of smart factory construction on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) projects in the shipbuilding equipment industry. This is a meaningful study that can contribute to national competitiveness along with the development of the Korean shipbuilding industry by reducing the number of trial and error and improving the competitiveness of individual companies, as well as improving the trustworthiness of large shipowners through compliance with ship delivery schedules at shipyards and leading to ship orders.

거제시 산업위기 대응 전략에 관한 연구

하경희 한국사진지리학회 2024 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Geoje City has faced a crisis in its regional industries as the amount of shipbuilding industry’s orders has continued to drop since 2013. Its dependence on the single industrial structure of shipbuilding was so high that its regional economy tumbled. In 2018, the city became an object of the government’s policy support as it was appointed as a special area reacting to an industrial crisis. This study analyzes the reality of Geoje’s industrial crisis according to the changes in its industrial structure and environment with a focus on the indicators to diagnose the crisis of the shipbuilding industry in the city. Based on the analysis results, the researcher built an AHP research model with SWOT factors and along with an expert on regional industrial crises, examined their relative importance for strategies to cope with the crisis. The SWOT/AHP analysis results found that Geoje’s status as a specialized city for shipbuilding recorded the highest rank as a strength factor along with the high market share of high value added ships as an opportunity factor and the competitive edge of Geoje’s shipbuilding industry as another strength factor. By considering the strength and opportunity factors based on this, the study made plans to deal with the reality of Geoje’s industrial crisis and reaction to it and provided their implications. First, Geoje is a specialized city for the shipbuilding industry and needs a strategy to have the labor force that left the city return to it. Second, it also needs a strategy to develop the future manufacturing industry according to the paradigm shift to a digital and environment-friendly manufacturing industry. Third, there should be strategies for the Ppuri industries and corporations sustaining the shipbuilding industry. Fourth, the city also needs strategies for skilled technicians working in the shipbuilding and Ppuri industries. Finally, It is necessary to establish governance to effectively manage and operate regional industrial crises. This study closely checked the reality of the crisis in Geoje’s shipbuilding industry, put together opinions from experts, and made plans to react to the regional industrial crisis of Geoje, thus holding its significance. The study will hopefully mark the beginning of active discussions about various topics, including an analysis of the effects of the government’s policy support for the shipbuilding industry and the special area to cope with an industrial crisis.

조선산업

배석만(Bae Suk Man) 역사비평사 2018 역사비평 Vol.- No.122

This study investigated how the Park Chung-hee Administration’s industrial promotion policy operated in the shipbuilding industry. Especially, this study analyzed how the present Korean shipbuilding industry that is not related to the domestic market, but dependent only on the export market has been formed historically in the relationships with ‘policy,’ ‘company’ or ‘industry.’ After liberation, the successive regimes in South Korea have labored for the promotion of the shipbuilding industry. Till the 1960s, they aimed to make it an industry that can replace importation through national nancial investment and nancial support, mainly by the Korea Shipbuilding Corporation, operated by the state. However, this attempt that had lasted for more than 20 years did not succeed. The government prepared an institutional device that would make the building of ships domestically more advantageous than importing them, but it failed to raise the fund that would support this. In the 1970s, the Korean shipbuilding industry achieved a dramatic conversion to an export specialized industry, absolutely dependent on the export market. It took an opportunity of the construction of the Hyundai Heavy Industries Ulsan Shipyard. e prototype of the Korean shipbuilding industry like it is today was formed. But this was not a new solution to the shipbuilding policy set forth by the government, taking a lesson from the failure of making it an industry that could replace importation attempted for a long time till the 1960s. is was a result of the policy on the promotion of the military industry for the self-reliance of national defense in an unexpected situation of the emergence of a security crisis in the late 1960s. Private Enterprise, Hyundai Engineering & Construction that took charge of the construction of a shipyard of four plants to be constructed to promote the military industry of four plants almost by force promoted and succeeded in constructing a large shipyard that would only build ships for exportation on the dimension of a corporate strategy to survive. The success of the Hyundai Heavy Industries was adopted as the government’s policy on the promotion of the shipbuilding industry, according to the policy on heavy chemical industrialization begun just in time. In this sense, it may be judged that the short period of years in the early 1970s, when the Hyundai Heavy Industries Ulsan Shipyard was constructed was the period in which the strategy of the private enterprise led the policy.

조선·해운업의 위기와 구조조정 방안

조영철(Young-Chul Cho) 고려대학교 노동문제연구소 2016 노동연구 Vol.33 No.-

한국경제는 내수침체와 수출 감소에 의한 총수요 부족으로 침체에 빠져 있다. 특히 한국의 조선·해운업은 조선 수주 격감과 선박 운임료 하락으로 인해 심각한 타격을 받고 있다. 현대상선, 한진해운은 경영 능력이 없는 가족 경영으로 실패하였고, 외환위기 이후 산업은행의 자회사가 된 대우조선해양은 전임 경영진들의 부패, 산업은행의 관리 부실과 낙하산 인사를 주도한 정부의 도덕적 해이 등 여러 요인이 결합해 심각한 재무위험에 처해 있다. 조선·해운업의 위기는 이미 대규모 정리해고라는 고용 위기를 야기하고 있다. 특히 조선·해운업이 부산, 울산, 경남에 집중되어 있어 대량 실업이 특정지역에 집중 발생해 지역경제도 침체를 겪고 있다. 조선업 분야를 오랫동안 연구해온 전문가들에 따르면 조선업이 사양산업이 아니며, 기자재 국산화와 설계 및 기술개발을 통해 국제경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 산업이라는 인식 속에서 구조조정 정책을 펼 필요가 있다고 한다. 정부는 2016년 6월말 조선업을 특별고용지원 업종으로 지정했는데, 현대중공업 등 빅3 하청업체 근로자들의 경우 고용유지지원금을 받지 못하고 있어 하청노동자를 실질적으로 지원할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 한다. 근로자는 일자리 나누기를 위해 근로시간 단축과 임금 감소 비용을 감수하는 대신, 구조조정이 성공한 이후 노동자가 이익분배에 참여할 수 있도록 구조조정 기업에 우리사주제를 대폭 확대할 필요가 있다. Korean economy now experience serious economic depression because aggregate demand declines owing to depressed domestic demand and export decrease. Korean shipbuilding industry and shipping industry were in crisis with slump in shipbuilding order and ocean freight charge market. Hyundai Merchant Marine and Hanjin Shipping Co. failed because of incompetent chaebol family-run corporate governance. Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. which the Korea Development Bank owed after Korean foreign exchange crisis, experience serious financial risk because of Korean Government’s moral hazard that government agency inappropriately appointed managers and auditors of public institutions, the Korea Development Bank former CEOs’ corruption and unreliable management. The crisis of Korean shipbuilding industry and shipping industry caused large scale layoff. There are mass unemployment and depressed regional economy in Pusan city, Ulsan City and Kyungnam district which shipbuilding industry and shipping industry are gathered. According to opinions of specialists who have studied shipbuilding industry for a long time, Korean shipbuilding industry is not decaying industry and will be international competitive industry if government support R&D investment and correct structural adjustment program for Korean shipbuilding industry. Korean government appointed shipbuilding industry to special employment promotion support industry at the end of June in 2016. But subcontractors’ employees do not receive employment promotion subsidy because subcontractors’ employers avoid burden which employers have to bear 25% wage cost to get employment promotion subsidy. It is needed to actually support subcontractors’ employees in shipbuilding industry.

경남 조선산업 성장의 구조적 특성에 관한 분석

조현주,윤지수,김석호 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2023 지역산업연구 Vol.46 No.4

This study examines the economic effects of the shipbuilding industry on regional industries through industry-related analysis in order to analyze the inherent capabilities of the shipbuilding industry in Gyeongsangnam-do to respond to changes in the global shipbuilding economy, and at the same time, to identify the characteristics of the shipbuilding industry in the region. Dynamic variance assignment analysis according to the change in time was performed. As a result of analyzing the industry-related effects of the shipbuilding industry in the Gyeongnam region, the production inducement effect was analyzed to be KRW 42.7997 trillion in 2016 and KRW 23.2631 trillion in 2021. During the analysis period 2016-2021, production inducement effect, import inducement effect, and added value inducement effect all show negative growth (-45.6%), and at the same time, the total production value also shows a decrease during 2016-2021. As a result of the dynamic shift-share analysis of the shipbuilding industry in Gyeongsangnam-do from 2015 to 2021, the total regional growth was -4,283.6 billion won, of which the national growth effect was 7,116.8 billion won and the industrial structure effect was -22,403.4 billion KRW, and the competition effect was analyzed to be KRW 11.3 trillion. Among the three growth effects, the net relative effect, which is the sum of the industrial structure effect and the competition effect, shows a positive value only in the 2015-2016 period and negative values in all other periods. This study can present a direction for securing competitiveness of industries in the region through the analysis of the characteristics of specific industries limited to the region and the inter-industry linkage effect, and at the same time, by identifying the structural characteristics of the total growth of the shipbuilding industry, It is expected to provide a direction for the growth of the shipbuilding industry.

The Characteristics of Industrial Accidents in Shipbuilding Industry

Kyung Tae Lee 대한인간공학회 2012 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of industrial accidents in shipbuilding industry. Background: As the accident frequency in shipbuilding industry is higher than those of other industries, it is important to grasp the accident characteristics of shipbuilding industry to reduce the accidents. Method: This paper aggregated some important accident report of the shipbuilding industry including industrial accident analysis of Korean government and drew some important accident characteristics of shipbuilding industry. Results: Accidents in Shipbuilding industry was reviewed in respect of accidents rate, accidents distribution by age, accidents by employed period, accidents severity, accidents type, accidents type by process, accidents caused by object, and hazards in process. Conclusion: Accident related indexes in shipbuilding were much higher than those of whole industry. Application: These results can be used to provide base information for more effective accident preventions in shipbuilding industry.

조선산업의 디자인 전문인력 필요성에 관한 연구

정찬수 ( Jung Chan-soo ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2009 한국디자인포럼 Vol.24 No.-

한국의 조선산업은 최근 몇 년 동안 건조물량 및 기술력에서 세계1위를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 조선산업의 호황과 세계적인 경쟁력에도 불구하고, 산업의 특성상 디자인산업과의 관련성은 매우 미비한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 향후 한국의 조선산업은 고부가가치 확보를 위해 크루즈, 요트 등의 산업으로 이동 할 것으로 판단된다. 크루즈, 페리는 디자인 산업과 관련성이 매우 높은 분야로 디자인 전문인력에 대한 수요와 필요성이 있을 것으로 전망 된다. 본 연구는 조선산업의 디자인 전문 인력 수요욕구와 필요성을 탐색하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 먼저 수요 조사에 의한 수용 욕구를 파악하기 위하여 선박 건조 및 장비기계 업종의 533개의 기업들을 모집단하여 종업원의 수와 매출액에 따라 각각 3개의 집단으로 기업규모를 분류 하였다. 각 집단별 일정 수의 표본이 추출될 수 있도록 단순임의추출법(simple random sampling)에 의해 표본을 133개 기업을 표본 추출하여 인력수요를 조사 하였다. 또한 디자인 전문인력의 필요성을 파악하기 위해서는 전문가 집단 조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상은 디자인전문가 및 조선산업의 전문가로 표본 크기는 50명의 전문가 집단을 표본으로 선정하여다. 조사결과 전문인력 수요욕구와 필요성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 조선산업에 대한 디자인전문인력이 양성된다면 다음과 같은 산업적 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 첫째, 지역조선산업에 디자인을 통한 산업지원에 이바지 할 것이다. 둘째, 해양레저산업과 함께 문화 관광산업에도 파급효과가 있을 것이다. 셋째, 디자인 인력의 신규일자리 창출과 디자인산업 성장도 동시에 달성 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 디자인산업이 조선산업체의 경쟁력을 향상시켜 궁극적으로는 국가 산업 경쟁력 확보에 도움이 될 것으로 전망 한다. In recent years, Korean shipbuilding industry has been ranked the first place in the world. In spite of the boom of shipbuilding industry and its international power, it has very little relationship with the design industry because of its characteristics. Hereafter the Korean shipbuilding industry will move toward the fields of cruise boats, ferries or yacht, and etc for the high value-added. Those fields have very strong relations with the design skill, and we can expect the need for their design professionals. In this research, we investigate the demand and need for design professionals in Korean shipbuilding industry. First of all, to grasp for demands, we made a population of 533 business enterprises in the fields of building vessels and mechanical equipments. Then, we classified it with 3 groups by the number of employees and the amount of sale, sampled 133 business enterprises from each group by Simple Random Sampling, and investigated the demands of human design resources. Also we inquired the senior designer groups about the need of design professionals in this area by fax, phone, or visiting. They are 50 of professional designers and engineering specialists in shipbuilding industry. The result shows high demand and need for professionals. It is expected that the education of design professionals will result in the following industrial effects. First, it will contribute the prosperity of local shipbuilding industry by the support of advanced design skills. Second, cultural and tourism as well as maritime leisure business also will be benefitted. Third, new job creation for design professionals and the growth of design industry will be achieved together. In the long run, design industry will help the competitive power of shipbuilding industry, an important part of whole Korean industries.

박정희정권기 조선공업 육성정책과 일본

배석만(Suk-Man Bae) 한국경영사학회 2010 經營史學 Vol.55 No.-

본 연구는 박정희정권이 대한조선공사 -이하 ‘조공’으로 줄임-를 다시 공기업화 하고 ‘일본 요소’와의 결합을 통해 조선공업(造船工業)의 육성을 추진했던 1960년대 정책 전개과정을, 222만불의 일본 상업차관 도입 사례를 통해 구체적으로 검토하는 것을 목적으로한다. 이를 통해 박정희정권의 국가주도 산업정책에 대한 평가 및 그 과정에서 일본이라는 요소의 역할을 살펴보았다. 1960년대 박정희정권의 조선공업 육성정책은, ‘국가의 강력하고도 효율적 개입’의 사례로 개발국가론자들이 흔히 거론하는 현대그룹 울산조선소를 중심으로 한 1970년대 조선공업 육성정책보다, 국가의 개입정도가 훨씬 더 강력하고 전면적인 것이었다. 그러나 222만불에 달하는 조선 기자재를 상업차관으로 도입하려는 정책의 전개과정을 구체적으로 파악 해 봤을 때 박정희정권의 조선공업 육성을 위한 산업정책은 효율적이지 않았다. 오히려 일관성 없고 내부 모순적이기까지 한 정책추진과정은 조공 부흥에 걸림돌이 되었다. 한편 조선 최강국이자 인접한 거리에 있던 일본은, 1960년대 조선공업 육성을 위한 자본 및 기술 공급처로 박정희정권이 주목한 나라였다. 그러나 일본은 박정희정권이 기대한 만큼 협조적이지 않았다. 일본정부는 일본 민간해운업계의 한일항로 진출을 위한해운협정 개정을 위해 222만불 조선 기자재의 수출승인을 보류하여 조공의 조선계획에결정적 차질을 초래했다. 이런 모습은 제국주의적 경제 진출의 일면으로 평가한다면 지나친 것 인지 모르겠지만, 최소한 이웃 나라와의 공존공영과 호혜의 원칙에 입각해서선의의 원조를 제공한다는 일본 정부의 공식적 입장과는 거리가 있었다. 일본정부는 경 제협력의 구체적인 과정에서 철저하고 신중하게 국익을 따지고 민간 경제계의 요구를 대변하는 자세를 고수했다. 결과적으로 1960년대 국가의 강력한 개입을 통한 ‘조공’ 부흥과 일본 의존으로 요약되는 조선공업 육성정책은 비효율적이었으며 실패한 것이었다. 이것은 박정희정권기 공업화에서 국가 개입의 효율성과 일본 요소를 강조하던 연구들의 주장이 극히 제한적으로 적용되어야 함을 의미한다. 물론 이러한 정책 실패가 아무런 의의가 없는 것은 아니었다. 1960년대 시행착오의 정책 경험은 1970년대 조선공업 육성정책에 주요한 영향을 미쳤기 때문이다. This study was designed to review development process of policies in 1960’s what were established to promote shipbuilding industry by nationalizing ‘Korea Shipbuilding& Engineering Corporation’ (referred to as ‘KSEC’ below) again in the Park Chung Hee Regime Period and combining it with ‘Japanese components’ through introduction cases of 2,22 million commercial loan from Japan. Furthermore, it aims to assess industrial policies led by the Park Chung Hee Regime and examine Japan’s roles in the process. As cases of a ‘powerful and efficient intervention of nation’, the policies to promote shipbuilding industry in the Park Chung-Hee Regime of 1960 s were much more powerful and general than those established in 1970’s focusing on Ul-san Shipyard of Hyundai Group what developmental state theorists frequently used to mention. However, industrial policies for promoting shipbuilding industry in the Park s Regime were not that efficient, considering the developmental process of policies to introduce shipbuilding materials accounting for 2,22 million dollar as commercial loan. It was rather a big obstacle to revive KSEC, since the process to push ahead with the policies were extremely inconsistent and internally contradictory. On the other hand, the most powerful country in shipbuilding industry, Japan, located close to Korea was that the Park’s government paid attention to as a supplier of capital and technology. But Japan was not as cooperative as they expected. Japanese government caused serious failure in KSEC s shipbuilding plans by holding off exporting 2,22 million shipbuilding materials to revise the shipping agreement for Japanese private shipping companies to break into and advance to Korean and Japanese sea routes. It was definitely different from the official situation of Japanese government to provide well-meant aid based on the principle of live-and-let-live and reciprocity, although, this situation can be explained as part of an imperialistic economic buildup. Japanese government hanged on to their position to give priority to national interests thoroughly and carefully and speak for requests of private economic world during the concrete process of economic cooperation. Eventually, promotion policies in 1960’s what was to revive KSEC through powerful intervention of nation and highly depended on Japan, were inefficient and failed. This implies, researches which have stressed the efficiency of the national intervention and Japanese components during the industrialization led by the Park s Regime need to be applied very restrictively. Of course, it doesn’t mean that there was no significance in failure of these policies, because such political trials and errors had considerable effects on another promotion policies of shipbuilding industry in 1970.

중국 조선산업 성장에 관한 고찰 -한,중 비교를 중심으로-

김태식 ( Tae Shik Kim ) 한중사회과학학회 2010 한중사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.3

Korea has been the strongest country in the world`s shipbuilding industry since 2000. Korea replaced the position of Japan and ranks second to none because it has well-educated work force, advanced technology and relatively high intensity of shipbuilding industry. China, however, emerged as a big giant in the shipbuilding industry like other industries in recent years. A lot of media stated that China`s shipbuilding industry is rapidly increasing quantitatively, and Korea is going to be left behind in the competition with China in the near future. Under the circumstances, the necessity of examining on the China`s shipbuilding industry is strongly raised to seek the way of handling the crisis, if the situation is a real fact. Therefore, the whole developing trend of China`s shipbuilding industry, the policy of Chinese government and the major Chinese shipbuilders are thoroughly examined in this study. Also, the competition between Korea and China is analysed from the major aspects. After the thorough analysis, two key points were discovered. First, it is true that China is rapidly growing in the shipbuilding industry, but it is only in the matter of quantity, not the matter of quality. Second, Korea still has quite a strong competitiveness over China in all aspects, and this situation is not going to change in the near future. Because of the fact that China has just emerged as a shipbuilding giant in the international arena, there were not much previous studies and statistical data to refer. This can be the limitations of this study. Hopefully, there will be a lot of further studies based on this study.