Output relationships of China and India with the USA: How do the Asian giants respond to America?

BIRU PAKSHA PAUL 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.1

With the advent of globalization, China and India, the two emerging giants of the world, are being integrated with the US, the leading economy, more than ever before. Hence, examining output relationships among them becomes necessary. This work finds a long run cointegrating relationship in output among these countries. The US economy remains exogenous in the short run error correction mechanism, but China and India correct any deviations from this equilibrium relationship. While theory expects a positive response of China and India to an output shock in America, India, and China respond in a significantly negative fashion to the US economy, as found in impulse responses. The US explains a major share of output variance in these Asian economies, but the reverse is not true. These findings have policy implications not only for India and China, but also for other developing nations that are growing fast through globalization and embracing further integration with the US economy.

Expectation Maximization Algorithm for Time-delay Output-error Models Based on Finite Impulse Response Method

Yan Pu,Yongqing Yang,Yingjiao Rong,Jing Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.12

In this paper, an output error (OE) model with random time delay is identified by using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Since the regression model of the OE system has a colored noise, the finite impulse response (FIR) method is used to transform the OE model into an FIR model, whose regression model contains a white noise. An EM algorithm is proposed to iteratively estimate the time-delays and model parameters. Furthermore, the parameters of the OE model can be yielded based on the parameter estimates of the FIR model through the matrix transformation method. The convergence analysis and simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

MONETARY, REAL SHOCKS AND EXCHANGE RATE VARIATIONS IN INDIA

BISWAJIT MAITRA 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2016 Journal of Economic Development Vol.41 No.1

This article examines how a rate of the change of the exchange rate as well as how a rate of the change of the expected exchange rate are related to the unanticipated change in domestic money supply and output. Empirical analysis involves quarterly time series of the rupee/US dollar exchange rate, the narrow money M1, the broad money M3 and output in India under the market based exchange rate regime. The paper testifies exchange rate overshooting phenomenon where both unanticipated M1 and M3 cause variations and depreciation of rupee. Some evidence of the causal role of unanticipated output is observed. The rupee is found to be sensitive with both unanticipated money and output shocks where the impact of money shocks is stronger than output shocks.

ICA기법을 이용한 실구조물의 모드특성 추정에 관한 연구

박성철,황재승,이상현 대한건축학회지회연합회 2013 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.15 No.2

독립성분분석(ICA)은 미지의 신호원으로부터 측정된 신호를 분리하기 위한 비감독화 선형 변환법으로 알려져있다. 본 논문의 목표는 ICA기법에 기초한 응답기반 시스템 식별과 현장 구조물에 적용 가능성을 확인하는 것이다. 구조물에 태풍이 접근할 때 구조물의 상부에 설치된 3개의 가속도계로부터 가속도 응답을 직접적으로 측정된다. 측정된 가속도 응답은 구조물의 모드와 밀접히 관련되어 병진-비틀림이 연계되어 나타난다. 모드분리를 위한 성능지수로서 첨도를 최소화하기위해 ICA기법을 적용하여, 병진-비틀림이 연계된 모드 응답은 밀접하게 인접한 모드일지라도 정확하게 분리되고 변환행렬에 의해 자동적으로 모드 형상은 결정되어지는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 고유진동수와 같은 모드 특성은 힐버트 변환에서 얻은 각 모드의 시변 고유진동수의 누적 분포 함수로부터 추계학적으로 추정할 수 있다. 본 논문의 결과는 새롭게 제안된 기법이 기존의 응답기반 시스템 식별보다 구조물의 응답에 매우 강력하게 적용되는 것을 보여준다.

배기시스템 Hanger의 DPDS성능 개선에 관한 연구

김인국(In-Guk Kim),우성동(Sung-dong Woo) 한국자동차공학회 2015 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2015 No.11

The automotive industry demands increasingly stringent levels of acceptable interior noise. The main source of interior noise is exhaust system vibration which is transferred by engine energy. It means that the exhaust company need to understand the vibration transfer path to decrease noise. The vibration isolation systems which is consist of body hanger, isolator and exhaust system hanger is main routine of structure-borne noise. So to decrease noise, DPDS of hangers should be considered. In this paper, we describe the methodology to enhance exhaust system hanger DPDS by changing design, type, adding rod and increasing welding length. And for reliable results, experimental test and FE simulation is compared and show good correlation.

부동산 산업의 경제적 파급효과와 충격반응 분석

서진호,진창하 한국부동산연구원 2023 부동산연구 Vol.33 No.3

This study examines the effect of the real estate industry on other industries as input and output resources. We define the real estate industry based on the two- and three-digit industry classification system as the recent real estate industry expands into other interdisciplinary business sectors. We also aggregate the sub-sector of the real estate–related industry into the broad real estate–related industry. We analyze input–out tables to find the spillover effect and value chain to other related industries by utilizing a total of 17 annual industry input–output tables from the Bank of Korea. This study also extends the spillover effect of the real estate industry along with a fluctuation of macroeconomic conditions. We find that the magnitude of the economic effect of the real estate industry on other industries is large when we classify the real estate industry into the two-digit industry classification system except for the analysis of the additive value impact. We also examine the impulse response analysis (IRA) by utilizing vector autoregression analysis. IRA indicates that macroeconomic variables affect the real estate industry and drive the same directional spillover effect on other industries. Our analysis segregates the national input–output analysis into the regional input–output analysis to identify the economic effect of real estate market fluctuation of the Seoul Metropolitan Area on other regions.

고혈압 남성의 점증적 유산소운동 실시에 따른 심혈관 반응

황미진(Mi-Jin Hwang),최현민(Hyun-Min Choi),김경애(Kyung-Ae Kim),노호성(Hosung Nho),김종경(Jong-Kyung Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2014 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.21 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate physiologic response during dynamic exercise in the people with normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension. Thirty males (12 normotensive, 9 prehypertensive, and 9 hypertensives) were recruited in this study. To determine relative exercise intensity, all subjects completed maximal cycling exercise test and then performed two submaximal testing at the intensity of 40% and 60% VO2max. Subjects were instrumented to measure the cardiovascular responses by non-invasive method through the experiment. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were measured by Physio Flow and blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer from the brachial artery. The results indicate that excessive response in blood pressure was found in the both prehypertensives and hypertensives with increasing exercise intensiy compared to normotensives, and the hypertensives had a significantly higher blood pressure compared to prehypertensives. Both prehypertension and hypertension had significantly higher CO during dynamic exercise compared to normotension. The CO response also tended to be higher in hypertensives compared to the prehypertensives. Total vascular conductances (TVC) were significantly increased in three groups as the exercise intensity increased, but there were no significant differences between groups. Thus, the excessive pressor response in both prehypertension and hypertension during dynamic exercise is mediated by an increase in CO despite little change in TVC. This study suggests that the strategies to treat excessive cardiac output response may prevent an exaggerated blood pressure response during dynamic exercise in both prehypertension and hypertension.

Finite Memory Controls for Discrete-Time State-Space Systems

Soohee Han,Jung Hun Park,Wook Hyun Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

As a new type of output feedback control for a stochastic discrete-time state-space system, a finite memory control (FMC) is proposed and its properties are investigated. Instead of using an internal state involved with old data, the FMC is required to have finite memory with respect to inputs and outputs together with the future reference signals and minimize a conditional receding horizon quadratic performance criterion. It turns out that the FMC is linearly expressed in terms of inputs and outputs on the recent time, and the future reference signals on the finite time. As the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controls with infinite memory structure can be separated into the linear quadratic (LQ) controls and the Kalman filters, the proposed FMC consists of a receding horizon control (RHC) for state feedback control and a minimum variance finite impulse response (MVFIR) filter for state estimation. It is shown that closed loop poles are made up of those involved with the RHC and the rest of zeros. The stability is also shown to be guaranteed under some condition.

Sectoral Effects of Ringgit Depreciation Shocks

Mansor H.Ibrahim 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2007 Journal of Economic Development Vol.32 No.2

The paper seeks to address two important questions-namely, is exchange rate depreciation expansionary or contractionary and are there distributional consequences of exchange rate shocks for the case of Malaysia? In the paper, we consider the relations between aggregate output as well as eight sectoral outputs and real effective exchange rate in multivariate setting. Applying multivariate cointegration test, we find evidence for cointegration among the variables for all sectors. More importantly, both real output (aggregate output as well as all sectoral output) and real exchange rate contribute significantly to the cointegration space, affirming the presence of long run relations between the two focused variables. In most cases, the estimated cointegrating vectors suggest expansionary currency depreciation. Our simulated dynamics using generalized impulse responses further substantiate this finding especially over longer horizons. Over shorter horizons, however, exchange rate depreciation can be contractionary for certain sectors particularly for the construction sector. Lastly, we also find evidence indicative of the differential effects of the currency shocks. Comparatively, the manufacturing sector, transport, storage and communication sector, and finance, insurance, real estates and business services sector seem to be affected more by exchange rate fluctuations.

오메가-3 불포화지방산이 노인여성의 심혈관 반응 및 노르에피네프린에 미치는 효과

한송이(Song Yi Han),김경희(Kyung Hee Kim),조등(Cao Teng),김종경(Jong Kyung Kim) 한국발육발달학회 2013 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.21 No.4

It is generally known that Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementations decrease risks of sudden death and cardiovascular diseases. A previous study showed that n-3 PUFAs supplements improved stroke volume and peripheral vasoconstriction in the young. On the other hand, in the elderly, systolic blood pressure increases because of arterial stiffness produced by structural alterations of arterial wall occurring with aging. However, the effect of n-3 PUFAs has not been revealed in older humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hemodynamic responses with n-3 PUFAs supplement at rest and during exercise in elderly women. Subjects (>60 yrs) were divided into only n-3 group (OG), n-3+Placebo group (CG), and placebo group (PG). All subjects completed submaximal exercise testing for 5-7 minutes (60% VO2peak) before and after the nutritional supplementation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) were continuously measured from rest through exercise. Blood samples were collected at rest and during exercise. There were no differences in HR and SBP at rest across groups. SBP was significantly decreased in OG (p<.05) and CG (p<.001) during exercise after the n-3 supplement. DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were not significantly different at rest and during exercise across groups (p<.05). There were no differences in SV, cardiac output (CO), and total vascular conductance (TVC) at rest across groups. Both SV and CO were significantly decreased in PG (p<.05), and TVC were significantly decreased in PG (p<.05). Both SV and TVC tended to be increased during exercise in OG and CG. There was no difference in norepinephrine (NE) concentration at rest across groups, while NE tended to be decreased in OG and CG. These results suggest that n-3 PUFAs supplement could improve SV and blood flow to active skeletal muscle. Thus, n-3 PUFAs supplement may prevent hypertension and enhance exercise performance in elderly women.