Impact of Oral Health on Depression: Use of the 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey

정호진,이정화 대한의생명과학회 2023 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.29 No.4

In this study, we use data from the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine the relationship between oral health and depression in Korean adults and provide basic data to prevent oral diseases that affect depression. The final subjects of the study were 5,952 adults aged 19 or older among the 7,090 subjects who responded to the survey in the 3rd year of the 8th period (2021), and the total frequency discrepancy in the research results was omitted due to missing values. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the relationship between oral health and depression. Depression according to general characteristics depends on gender (P < 0.001), number of household members (P = 0.047), and subjective health level (P < 0.001). Depression according to oral characteristics was statistically significant for complaints of chewing discomfort (P = 0.006) and toothache within the past year (P = 0.023). As a result of analyzing factors affecting depression, in terms of gender, men are 0.43 times more likely than women (95% CI: 0.28~0.65), and in terms of subjective health level, good compared to bad is 0.46 times more likely (95% CI: 0.28~0.75), the average was 0.59 times (95% CI: 0.40~0.87) higher, which was statistically significant. Therefore it seems necessary to improve mental health such as depression in order to relieve oral discomfort and to motive people to take responsibility for won health through oral health education programs related to oral health to oral health related to oral health and mental health.

우리나라 지역주민의 보건소 구강보건서비스이용률 분석: 2011-2012년 지역사회건강조사 자료이용

박수경 ( Su Kyung Park ),김춘배 ( Chun Bae Kim ),정원균 ( Won Gyun Chung ),안양희 ( Yang Hee Ahn ),김남희 ( Nam Hee Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2014 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: To determine the utilization of oral health services in community health centers in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved secondary analysis of data obtained from the 2011-2012 Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed to determine the utilization of community oral health services. A total of 458,417 people (weighted sample was 80,268,227) were included. A multistage probability proportional systematic sampling method was used. The dependent variable was the utilization of community oral health services. The independent variables were region (city, town, and district), demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, income, occupation, and basic livelihood security), oral health status, and overall health status. The differences in the utilization of community oral health services related to independent variables were analyzed using an independent t-test and ANOVA. Additionally, a Scheffe post-hoc test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW statistics 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), at the 5% significance level. Results: The average utilization rate was 26.3% for community health care services and 4.3% for oral health services during the study period in Korea. Utilization was associated with old age and lower education and income levels (P<0.01). Furthermore, residents having poor oral health, chewing discomfort, and unmet dental needs most frequently used the community oral health services. Conclusions: The utilization of community oral health services was low in Korea. The needs and circumstances of communities should be considered and unique regional structural characteristics should be identified to plan and execute oral health programs and incorporate them with community health care services for overall community health.

한국 공공의료 구강건강조사 체계 및 아동의 구강건강 현황

최연희(Youn-Hee Choi) 대한치과의사협회 2019 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.58 No.1

This study aimed to introduce what Korea national oral health surveys are and examine recent oral health status in Korean children. Korea Government has implemented national oral health-related surveys during the past two decades. The surveys with oral health examination are Korean Children’s National Oral Health Survey (KCNOHS) since 2000 in 5-year-old and 12-year-old children and Korea National Hhealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) since 2007 aged 1 year and more. KCNOHS provides the information about the distribution of prevalence of dental caries, gingival health , behavioral factors, and dental clinic demands etc. KNHANES has huge amount of health data for representative Korean population including oral health and general conditions. Based on KCNOHS, the prevalence of dental caries and its experience has decreased steadily, and the status of oral hygiene and preventive treatment called sealents has been also improved after the year of 2000. However, there is still a gap to reach to those of Western developed countries. Therefore, more effective oral health policy plans and strategies for Korean children and adolescents are needed to prevent and manage for dental caries in private and clinical field of dentistry with public sector.

한국 성인의 치통 경험과 구강건강행태가 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 -국민건강영양조사 제8기(2019-2020) 2차 자료를 이용하여

정선락,장지언 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2022 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.46 No.4

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between toothache, oral health behaviors, and the quality of health-related life of Korean adults. A national nutrition survey representative of Korea was used. The study presents basic material for developing health improvement and dental health programs to highlight the importance of oral health management and Health-Related Quality of Life improvement. Methods: The second edition of the 8th national health nutrition survey data was used for this study. The subjects were 5,922 Korean adults aged 19 years and above. Results: There was a significant difference in gender, age, marital status, education, income, toothache experience, subjective oral health condition, and the number of daily toothbrushes in participants’ Health-Related Quality of Life. For gender, “male” had an overall higher quality of life which was statistically significant. In toothache experience, Health-Related Quality of Life was significantly higher at 0.027 with “none” (P<0.01). In addition, higher conditions of subjective oral health at 0.077 showed a significantly higher quality of life (P<0.01). Conclusions: This study revealed that higher subjective oral health conditions in Korean adults resulted in higher Health-Related Quality of Life and subjectively better oral health conditions. This means that active health management is possible, and concrete systematic health education program development is urgently needed. Oral health improvement can improve Health-Related Quality of Life. It is necessary to recognize the importance of oral health to improve Health-Related Quality of Life through oral health prevention and promotion programs for adults.

한국인의 주관적 구강건강불평등 인식수준 및 관련 요인 분석

신보미 ( Bo Mi Shin ),정세환 ( Se Hwan Jung ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2012 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the socio-economic inequalities in the self-rated oral health status in the study group of South Koreans, as associated with other factors (health behaviors factors, psychological factors, and oral health status) on the social gradients in the self-rated oral health status. Methods: The cross-sectional data was from the Forth Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were 18,886 people over the age of 6 years who participated in the health interview, dental examination, and dietary survey. They were divided into four groups according to their life course: children (6-11 years), adolescents (12-18 years), adults (19-64 years), and the elderly (65 years and older). The income and education level brackets were selected as measures of socio-economic position (SEP). The complex samples logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. To assess the association of the other factors, additional models (which adjusted for the gender, age, and each of the other factors) were compared to the initial model (which adjusted for the gender and age only). Results: We found that there were socio-economic differences in the self-rated oral health status at all stages of life, and that the differences were up sharply for the vulnerable social groups. Dental care utilization factors and the oral health status mainly affected the socio-economic inequalities of the poor self-rated oral health status group at all stages of life. Socio-eoconomic differences remained statistically significant in the models that controlled for all related factors except the models of household income in adults. Conclusions: There were socio-economic differences in the poor self-rated oral health status at all stages of life. But it is difficult to definitely confirm the pathway of socio-economic inequalities in the selfrated oral health status, because of the limitations of the cross sectional study and the use of restricted variables in this survey. Therefore more extensive longitudinal research is required to better address the pathways that explain the socio-economic inequalities in the self-rated oral health status throughout the life courses in the Republic of Korea.

노인의 소득 및 교육수준에 따른 구강건강행태와 구강건강 삶의 질

양혜정 ( Hye-jung Yang ),서원식 ( Won-sik Suh ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2018 한국치위생학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out differences in oral health status, defined as their oral health and oral health quality of life among the elderly depending on their income and education levels. Methods: This study used 922 senior citizens over 65 from the data (2015) of the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). The regression analysis was adopted to identify factors affecting their oral health status which has effect on their oral health quality of life. The statistical package SPSS 21.0 was employed. Frequency analysis, chi-squared analysis and regression analysis were used, and the significance level or Cronbach's alpha value was 0.05. Results: Depending on income levels, there were differences in their oral health status as to whether they use oral hygiene products, take dental examinations, join private health- insurances, and delay dental treatments or not. And educational levels also made significant differences in their oral health status as to whether they smoke, drink alcohol, how many times they brush teeth a day, whether they use oral hygiene products, take dental treatments, and join private healthinsurances. Regression analysis on the relationship between their oral health status and the oral health quality of life showed that there were significant differences depending on whether they take dental treatments, delay dental medical treatments, smoke, take oral examinations, how many times they brush teeth a day, and whether they use oral hygiene products, or join private health-insurances. Conclusions: The study shows that a comprehensive plan is needed to raise attention on proper oral health-care and ultimately to improve the quality of life by considering the daily number of tooth brushing, oral hygiene product use, regular dental treatments, and other medical uses.

성인의 유산소 신체활동과 구강건강 및 구강건강행태와의 관련요인 : 제8기 국민건강영양조사 이용

정호진,김경민 대한통합의학회 2024 대한통합의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose : Many studies have confirmed the relationship between physical exercise, chronic diseases, and quality of life, but few of those studies were limited to aerobic exercise. Above all, no research has confirmed the relationship between aerobic exercise and the oral health. This study is significant because it is the first study to confirm the relationship between aerobic exercise, which is practiced more frequently than other exercises, and oral health in adults. Through this study, we hoped to confirm the complex impacts of aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life, oral health-related behavior, and oral health status in adults and to use these impacts as basic data on the importance of aerobic exercise. Methods : In this study, the following analysis was conducted based on a complex sample design that applied stratification variables, cluster variables, and weights using SPSS version 21.0. Complex sample cross-analysis was conducted to identify general characteristics according to aerobic physical activity practice, and oral health-related characteristics according to the aerobic physical activity practice rate. Then, complex sample logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic physical activity practice on oral health-related characteristics. During the statistical analysis, missing values were treated as valid values, and the statistical significance level was set at .05. Results : Aerobic physical activity practice was 1.39 times higher among the respondents who brushed their teeth after lunch (p<.001), 1.43 times higher among those who used dental floss (p<.001), 1.24 times higher among those who used mouthwash (p=.040), and 1.37 times higher was among those who had not experienced dental treatment (p=.040), which were statistically significant differences. Conclusion : This study found that when an individual's health status is maintained, positive oral health behavior can be achieved by paying attention to oral health, and this appears to contribute to improving oral health.

Effects of the elderly’s oral health status and dental care utilization on their health-related quality of life

Seong Hyeon Chae,김춘배 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2019 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.43 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate the oral health status, dental care utilization and health-related quality of life of elderly living alone to collect basic data on how to improve quality of life using the components of the European Quality of Life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) scale. The study used raw data of the community health survey from 2016 for South Jeolla Province. The data entailed 2,671 elderly people of aged 65 years and above living alone. Statistical analysis was performed by frequency analysis and chi-squared and t-tests. Analysis of variance was performed using multiple regression analysis. The significance level was determined to be 0.05. Chewing problems and speaking discomfort, oral health examination and unmet dental needs (p<0.001) were all significantly related. In the effect on the components of the EQ-5D by logistic regression analysis, gender, age, education level, economy activity, chewing problems, speaking problem, oral health examination and unmet dental needs were the significant variables in the quality of healthrelated life. The results showed that oral health status and dental care utilization significantly influenced the quality of life in elderly living alone. Through the recognition of the impact of oral health on health-related quality of life, we expect that the data from this study will help promote the development of oral health and oral health education programs for the maintenance and promotion of adult health.

A Survey Study on the Subjective Oral Health Status and the Non-Diagnosis of Dental Treatment in Korean People: Focusing on Data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

문선정,가경환,Eun Hee Kim 대한예방치과학회 2020 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.16 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data necessary for the elimination of oral health inequality and for the access to dental services through comparatively surveying the subjective oral health status and the non-diagnosis of dental treatment according to socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Subjects were set to include 4,778 people who suffice for the purpose of research in the data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A comparative analysis was made on a difference in the subjective oral health status, in the appearance of experiencing toothache for the recent 1 year, in whether or not using oral care products, and in a reason for the non-diagnosis of dental treatment depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Results: As a result of this study, the subjective oral health status was shown a significant difference in gender, age, educational level, average monthly income, and marital status. The appearance of experiencing toothache in the past year was seen a significant difference in age and marital status. A statistically significant difference was indicated in gender, age, educational level, and average monthly income as for whether or not using oral care products. Conclusion: Oral health is existed inequality by social class. To remove disparity in oral health, the medical-insurance policy support and the system improvement are needed that are proper for vulnerable social group. The economic barrier to dental use is considered to be necessarily lowered by diversification in private insurance.

한국 청소년의 건강위험행동 및 구강건강행동과 구강증상경험의 관련성 - 2018년도 제14차 청소년건강행태온라인조사를 중심으로

정선락 ( Sun Rak Jeong ),장지언 ( Ji Eon Jang ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2019 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.43 No.3

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between risky health behaviors, occurrence of oral symptoms, and oral health-related behaviors. Methods: The subjects were 60,040 adolescents selected from the web-based survey from the 2018 Korean Youth Health Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. The data were analyzed using a combined sample analysis method. The software SPSS version 12.0 was used to conduct the analyses. Results: 1. Men were observed to partake in risky health behavior at significantly higher rates than were women in terms of smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse. Our data showed the percentages of men taking part in these behaviors to be 21.1%, 46.4%, 1.3%, and 7.6%, respectively (P<0.01). 2. Of all subjects, 49.1% brushed their teeth more than three times a day, and 43.6% brushed more than twice a day. Further, a significantly higher number of men (46.0%) did not brush their teeth after lunch compared with women (29.1%) (P<0.01). 3. Of all subjects, 52.9% had developed oral symptoms in the previous year. The rate of women experiencing oral symptoms was significantly higher, at 58.1%, compared with men (48.1%, P<0.01). 4. Risky health behavior, such as smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse, was significantly associated with occurrence of oral symptoms (P<0.01). Those that had not partaken in smoking, drinking, and sexual intercourse were significantly lower by 0.73, 0.87, and 0.89 times, respectively, compared with those that responded with “yes” (P<0.01). Conclusions: We have evaluated the rates of risky health and oral health-related behavior in Korean youth and identify their association with the oral symptoms. It is essential to understand the risks of oral diseases so that appropriate oral health education can be provided to adolescents for promoting behavioral changes.