Oils과 Carrageenan을 이용한 저지방 소세지의 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화

문점동,송또준,박구부,신택순 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1996 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

육제품을 많이 섭취하면 성인병을 유발한다고 믿고 있는 소비자들의 인식 변화를 유도하기 위한 저지방 소세지의 생산 가능성을 제시코자 첨가하는 지방의 량을 줄여 이에 대체물로서 물을 다량 첨가함과 동시에 3종의 oil로 일부를 대체하고 유화안정제로 카라기난을 첨가하여 low-fat sausage를 제조한 후 5℃에서 6주간 저장하면서 저장기간에 따른 pH, 지방산 조성 및 콜레스테롤의 변화에 대한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모든 처리구들의 pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라서 증가하였으며, 저지방 첨가구의 대조구인 B구의 pH에 비하여 카라기난을 첨가하지 않은 저지방 처리구들의 pH는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 대체로 낮은 pH를 나타내었고, 전 저장기간 동안 카라기난을 첨가한 구들이 대조구 및 다른 저지방 처리구에 비하여 높은 pH를 유지하였다(P<0.05). 2. 지방산의 조성은 대체한 oil에 의해서 oleic, linoleic, linolenic acid가 각각 증가하였으며, 저장기간에 따른 지방산 조성의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 불포화도는 perilla, sunflower, olive의 순으로 낮았으며, 저장기간에 따른 불포화도의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 오메가 지방산의 비율은 대체한 oil에 의해서 대조구와는 다른 비율을 나타내었으며 perilla유 대체구가 가장 높았고, 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화는 없었다. 3. 대조구는 모든 저지방 처리구들 보다 높은 cholesterol 함량을 나타내었고, oil의 대체로 인한 cholesterol 함량의 감소가 나타났으며, 저장기간이 경과함에 따른 cholesterol함량의 변화는 없었다. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of production of low fat sausage which was made with vegetable oils and added water to reduce back fat content in the sausage. Raw meats for the sausage were removed from the pork carcass(90∼100kg, female, 5∼7months of age) 4∼6 hours after slaughter and randomly assigned to one of eight treatments : control(back fat 30% and water 10), treatment A(back fat 15% and water 25%), treatment B(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment C(back fat 7.5%, olive oil 7.5%, water 15% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment D(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5% and water 25%), treatment E(back fat 7.5%, sunflower oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%), treatment F(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5% and water 15%) and treatment G(back fat 7.5%, perilla oil 7.5%, water 25% and carrageenan 0.5%). The sausage samples were stored at 5±1℃. The pH, fatty acid and cholesterol were analyzed for over a period of times(0, 2, 4, 6 weeks) The results obtained were summarized as follows : The pH of all treatments was increased with the storage period. The pH values of sausages with carrageenan were lower than that of treatment A but there were no significant differences between the sausages and treatment A. The pH of sausages with carrageenan was higher than those of control and other(P<0.05). The composition of fatty acids of sausages with olive, sunflower and perilla oil was changed, so treatment B and c, D and E and F and G had higher oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. There was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of sausages was affected by oil type and there was no difference with the storage period. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of sausages was different from that of control, and that of treatment F and G, both of which perilla oil was added, was higher than those of others. There was no difference with the storage period. The cholesterol content of control was higher than those of others, and that of low fat sausages was decreased. There was no difference with the storage period.

Solvent effects on improvement of fuel properties during hydrodeoxygenation process of bio-oil in the presence of Pt/C

Oh, S.,Kim, U.J.,Choi, I.G.,Choi, J.W. Pergamon Press 2016 ENERGY Vol.113 No.-

Bio-oil was subjected to hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions with polar protic (ethanol), polar aprotic (acetone), and nonpolar (ether) solvents in the presence of Pt/C catalyst. Mass balances (gas, light oil, heavy oil and char) of products were influenced by the solvent used. Subjecting the oil to HDO yielded improvement in the following heavy oil properties: water content, heating value, viscosity, acidity, and oxygen level. Especially, the viscosity was reduced from 29.6 cSt of the bio-oil to 2.2-4.4 cSt when ethanol was used, to 3.0-4.2 cSt when acetone was used, and to 6.5-6.7 cSt when ether was used. The initially acidic bio-oil was neutralized by HDO. Furthermore, HDO decreased the water and oxygen content of heavy oil, thereby improving its higher heating value (HHV). Because the polar protic solvent was able to react with bio-oil as a co-reactant during HDO, acid-type components in the bio-oil were converted into acid or ester forms, which were found in the light oil. In terms of carbon recovery from bio-oil to the heavy oil fraction, acetone was the most effective solvent, yielding 72.8% recovery, followed by ether (64.7%) and ethanol (55.3%).

브라질 석유산업의 형성과 석유의 소비, 정유, 생산에 대한 일고찰

윤택동,곽진희 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2008 중남미연구 Vol.26 No.2

Oil is an indispensable resource in modern life. It causes internationalconflicts nowadays and also has a great influence on economy. Especialy, theworld economy is influenced by fluctuations of an international oil price . A n dthe Oil price changes can affect prices directly.This paper analyzes an industry of petroleum in Brazil. First, it covers thehistory of Brazilian oil industry. Before oil was founded, there were onlydistribution and sales of imported oil in Brazil. However, the Brazilian industry of petroleum began in downstream sector, which refers to therefining of crude oil, transportation, and the selling and distribution afterdiscovering oil reserves in territory. This industry has been expandedgradually to upstream sector which is known as the exploration andproduction sector. Brazil already made a declaration of oil self-sufficiencyand is also expected opportunities to find potential oil reserves.Second, this study analyzes tendency of Brazilian oil industry andconsiders meaning of tendency changes as time goes by. For this purpose,we use time-series data of the oil consumption, the oil refining (capacities),and the oil production of Brazil. As a result, the Brazilian oil industry showssimilar tendency with Brazilian economic performance. Particularly, the o i lconsumption moves in the same direction with economic fluctuations. The oilrefining is related to facilities and policy, the oil production does to thecondition of oil import.

멕시코만 딥워터 호라이즌호 기름유출 사고 대응을 위한 유출유 수지분석 모델 분석 및 국내 적용성 검토

김충기,오정환,강성길 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2016 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Oil budget analysis identifies the removal pathways of spilled oil by both natural and response methods, and estimates the remaining oil required response activities. A oil budget calculator was newly developed as a response tool for Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident in Gulf of Mexico in 2010 to inform clean up decisions for Incident Comment System, which was also successfully utilized to media and general public promotion of oil spill response activities. This study analyzed the theoretical background of the oil budget calculator and explored its future application in Korea. The oil budge calculation of four catastrophic marine pollution incidents indicate that 3-8% of spilled oil was removed mechanically by skimmers, 1-5% by in-situ burning, 5-16% by chemical dispersion due to dispersant operation, and 37-70% by weathering processes such as evaporation, dissolution, and natural dispersion. The results show that in-situ burning and chemical dispersion effectively remove spilled oil more than the mechanical removal by skimming, and natural weathering processes are also very effective to remove spilled oil. To apply the oil budget calculator in Korea, its parameters need to be optimized in response to the seasonal characteristics of marine environment, the characteristics of spilled oil and response technologies. A new algorithm also needs to be developed to estimate the oil budget due to shoreline cleanup activities. An oil budget calculator optimized in Korea can play a critical role in informing decisions for oil spill response activities and communicating spill prevention and response activities with the media and general public. 연안 및 해양에 유출된 기름의 자연적 또는 인위적 제거 경로와 양을 파악하고 방제활동이 필요한 잔류기름 양을 산정하는 것을 유출유 수지분석이라 한다. 2010년 멕시코만 딥워터 호라이즌호 사고 시 개발된 유출유 수지분석 모델은 현장 방제기술의 하나로서 미국 국가사고지휘본부에 방제전략 수립를 위한 핵심적인 정보를 제공하였고 방제활동의 언론 및 대국민 홍보 등에 성공적으로 활용되었다. 본 연구에서는 유출유 수지분석 기법의 이론적 내용을 분석하고 향후 국내 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 국내외의 재난적 해양오염사고들의 유출유 수지분석 결과를 비교해보면, 유회수기를 활용한 기계적 수거로 유출량 대비 3-8%, 소각 1-5%, 유처리제에 의한 화학적 분산으로 5-16%의 기름이 제거되었고, 자연적 풍화작용(증발, 용해, 자연분산 등)에 의해서 37-70%가 제거된 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 유회수기와 함께 소각 및 화학적 분산이 효과적인 해상방제 기술로 적용될 수 있으며, 자연적인 풍화작용 또한 유출유 제거에 효과적임을 보여준다. 유출유 수지분석 모델이 국내 방제활동에 활용되기 위해서는 국내의 계절적 해양환경, 유류 및 방제장비 특성, 방제방법 등을 고려한 최적화된 매개변수 설정연구가 선행되어야 하며, 해안방제에 의한 유출유 제거량 산정 기법이 새로이 개발되어야 한다. 향후 국내환경에 최적화된 유출유 수지분석 모델을 개발하여 방제 현장에 적용할 경우 보다 체계적이며 신뢰성 있고 일관성 있는 방제전략 수립, 방제작업 현장관리, 대국민 홍보 및 언론 보도 등에 유용하게 활용가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

인공위성 원격탐사 데이터와 수치모델을 이용한 해상 유출유 예측 향상 연구: Hebei Spirit호 기름 유출 적용

양찬수 ( Chan Su Yang ),김도연 ( Do Youn Kim ),오정환 ( Jeong Hwan Oh ) 대한원격탐사학회 2009 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.25 No.5

해상 기름 유출사고 시, 효율적인 방제 전략을 위해서는 유출유의 위치 및 이동 특성을 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 유출유의 모니터링은 항공기와 인공위성을 이용하고 있으며, 유출된 기름의 이동 경로를 예측하기 위해 수치모델이 적용되고 있다. 하지만, 원격탐사에 의한 모니터링 정보를 이용한 수치모델의 초기조건 적용은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인공위성 자료를 통해 추출된 유출유 정보를 이용한 예측 모델의 활용가능성을 제시하고자 한다. EFDC 3차원 수치모델을 이용하여 2007년 12월 7일 태안 해안에서 발생한 Hebei Spirit호 기름유출사고의 유출유 이동을 예측하였다. 모델 초기조건과 모델결과 비교를 위하여, 12월 8일 KOMPSAT-2 MSC와 12월 11일 EVNISAT ASAR위성자료로부터 추출된 유출유 정보를 사용하였다. 모델초기 조건으로 인공위성 자료를 이용한 경우가 사고지점에서 유출을 가정하여 방류한 초기조건보다 유출된 기름의 분포측면에서 더 개선된 결과를 보였다. In the case of oil spill accident at sea, information concerning the movement of spilled oil is important in making response strategies. Aircrafts and the satellites have been utilized for monitoring of spilled oil. In these days, numerical models are using to predict the movement of the spilled oil. In the future a coupling method of modeling and remote sensing data should be needed to predict more correctly the spilled oil. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of satellite image data to an oil spill prediction model as an initial condition. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code (EFDC) was used to predict the movement of the oil spilled from Hebei Spirit incident occurred in Taean coastal area on December 7, 2007. In order to make the model initial condition and to compare the model results, two satellite images, KOMPSAT-2 MSC and ENVISAT ASAR obtained on December 8 and 11, were used during the period of the oil spill incident. The model results showed an improvement for the prediction of the spilled oil by using the initial condition deduced from satellite image data than the initial condition specified at the oil spill incident site in the respects of the distributed spilled area.

식물성 기름을 이용한 전통한지 유지(油紙)의 제조 및 열화 특성 (I)

신효영(Hyo Young Shin),최태호(Tae-Ho Choi) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이기술 Vol.50 No.5

Oiled Korean traditional paper was mainly used in portraits, books, and household goods. However, there is a lack of research on manufacturing methods and techniques for oiled paper products. This study was carried out to investigate the properties of plant seed oils for oiled Korean traditional paper. Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), perilla seeds (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara), and tung nut (Aleurites fordii Hemsley ) were used for oil expression. Yield, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, and fatty acid composition of sample oils were analyzed, respectively. The oil yields were over 30% and the perilla was the highest. The viscosity of oil was 41.3 cP for perilla seeds, 64.0 cP for sesame seeds, and 248.8 cP for tung nut at 20℃. As the heating temperature increased, the viscosity of oils decreased and the viscosity of tung oil decreased rapidly. Appropriate temperature of oil suitable for oiled Korean traditional paper was determined to be 60℃ in the sesame oil and the perilla oils and 70℃ in the tung oil. Acid value was highest in the sesame oil, but peroxide value was highest in the tung oil. The optimum temperature of oil for oiled Korean traditional paper did not affect the acid value and the peroxide value change. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the main components of the sesame oil and the perilla oils and the palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were the main components of the tung oil.

A numerical study on oil retention and migration characteristics in the heat pump system

최종원,김모세,신정섭,오세기,정백영,김민수 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.7

In HVAC system, the oil circulation is inevitable because the compressor requires the oil for lubrication and sealing. A small portion of the oil circulates with the refrigerant flow through the system components while most of the oil stays or goes back to the compressor. Because oil retention in refrigeration systems can affect system performance and compressor reliability, proper oil management is necessary in order to improve the compressor reliability and increase the overall efficiency of the system. This paper describes a numerical analysis of oil distribution in each component of the commercial air conditioning system including the suction line, discharge line and heat exchanger. In this study, system modeling was conducted for a compressor, discharge line, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and suction line. Oil separation characteristics of the compressor were taken from the information provided by manufacturer. The working fluid in the system was a mixture of a R-410A refrigerant and PVE oil. When the oil mass fraction (OMF) was assumed, oil mass distribution in each component was obtained under various conditions. The total oil hold-up was also investigated, and the suction line contained the largest oil hold-up per unit length of all components.

다양한 식용유로 제조한 물속 기름 에멀션의 자동산화 안정성 평가

최동진 ( Dongjin Choi ),임지원 ( Jiwon Im ),최은옥 ( Eunok Choe ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the autoxidative stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (4:6, w/w) of various edible oils manufactured by different processing methods. Methods: Emulsions consisted of commercially available edible oils (40 g) and citrate buffer (pH 4.0, 60 g) with addition of xanthan gum (0.35 g) and egg yolk lecithin (35 mg), and were stored in the dark at 40°C. The edible oils included refined olive oil (ROO), extra virgin olive oil without refining (EVOO), refined, bleached, and deodorized soybean oil (RBDSO), cold pressed oil of unroasted sesame seeds (URSO), roasted sesame oil (RSO), and RBD canola oil (RBDCO). Lipid oxidation of the emulsions was spectrophotometrically evaluated based on the hydroperoxide contents and p-anisidine values (PAV). Total contents of polyphenols in the emulsions were determined by spectrophotometry. Results: The hydroperoxide content and PAV increased with storage time due to lipid oxidation. The emulsion with URSO, ROO or EVOO showed higher hydroperoxide contents than the emulsion with RBDSO or RBDCO during storage mainly due to higher initial values. However, the oxidation rate was lower in the emulsion with EVOO or RSO compared to ROO and URSO, respectively. The emulsion with RBDCO or RBDSO which was fully-refined oil showed higher oxidation rates than those with olive or sesame oils. This suggests higher oxidative stability of the emulsion with olive or sesame oils despite their higher initial value of lipid oxidation, possibly due to the higher quantities of polyphenol compounds and their stability in these oils. The Maillard reaction products could be additional contributors to the oxidative stability of the RSO emulsion. Conclusion: The results suggested that the variation in autoxidative stability of O/W emulsions with different oils could be attributed to more hydrophilic polyphenol compounds rather than hydrophobic tocopherols. Thus, EVOO or RSO could be a good choice of edible oil for the preparation of an O/W emulsion with high lipid oxidative stability.

The Impact of Oil Market Power on Coup Risk

우정무 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2018 평화연구 Vol.26 No.1

Prior studies have argued that because oil increases the value of capturing a state, oil increases coup risk. However, political stabilization in Equatorial Guinea reveals that oil may reduce coup risk by attracting support for the government from oil-importing states. In order to explain the two contrasting effects of oil on coup risk, this study suggests a theory to explain how a state’s oil export reduces coup risk. In the international oil market, although oil is a primary energy source in most states, there are few oil exporters. Thus, if a coup attempt in a state damages the state’s capability to produce and export oil, oil-importing states’ economies would be damaged. Thus, oil-importing states are likely to support oil- exporting states’ governments to reduce coup risk. The possibility of support for an oil-exporting state’s government from oil-importing states reduces coup plotters’ perceived probability of a coup’s success and, thus, coup risk.

중국의 석유소비가 한국의 동북아 석유물류허브 구축에 미치는 영향

이충배,이종철 한국동북아경제학회 2009 동북아경제연구 Vol.21 No.2

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of China’s oil consumption on the establishment of Korea’s oil logistics hub for the Northeast Asia. In order to draw implications for Korea’s oil hub strategy from the rapid increase in the oil consumption in China, we investigate first the situation in China’s demand and supply of oil as well as export and import of oil. In doing so, we use data for oil products from the various sources including FACTs, BP etc. In addition, we also analyze the changes in the oil industry policy in China to deeply understand China’s oil market. We argue from the analysis that Korea can play a central role in terms of oil trade and oil logistics in the Northeast Asia because Korea has comparative advantages in many aspects with oil hub. Considering the huge economic spillover effects from the existing oil hubs in the world at Singapore, ARA, and Gulf area in the U.S.A., we argue that Korea should be born again through the establishment of the oil hub for the Northeast Asia. Korea needs to overcome several bottlenects with infra like tank storage, especially with institutions related to the oil logistics to become an oil hub in the Northeast Asia.