Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.) Fruit Extracts Ameliorate Iron Overload and Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice

Mehenaz Mithila,M Rabiul Islam,Mst Rima Khatun,M Shamim Gazi,Sheikh Julfikar Hossain 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.28 No.3

Iron overload results in oxidative damage to various biomolecules including DNA, proteins and lipids which ultimately leads to cell death. The Sonneratia apetala fruit contains a high content of antioxidants and displays several bioactive properties. Therefore, the powder of the S. apetala fruit was successively fractionated into n-hexane (Hex), chloroform (Chl), and methanol (Met) fractions to evaluate their efficiency in ameliorating iron overload. In vitro, a colorimetric method was used to assess the Fe-chelating activity of the fractions using ferrozine. The fractions were also used in vivo to examine their efficacy in ameliorating iron overload and iron-induced oxidative stress in mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of ferric carboxymaltose at 100 mg/kg body weight (bw). Among the fractions, Met showed the highest Fe-chelation ability with an inhibitory concentration 50 of 165µg/mL followed by Hex (270 µg/mL), and Chl (418µg/mL). In vivo, the results showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower iron profile (iron and ferritin concentrations in serum and liver tissue and total iron-binding capacity of serum) in the Met and the Hex treated mice groups than in the iron-overloaded group. Met at 1,000µg/kg bw completely ameliorated iron overload in the blood and the liver tissue of mice. At this concentration, Met also prevented iron-induced oxidative stress in the liver tissue of iron-overloaded mice by restoring reducing power, total antioxidant capacity, and total protein. Thus, the S. apetala fruit, especially its Met fraction can be used in treating iron overload and associated toxicity.

Iron (Ⅲ) induces aggregation of hyperphosphorylated τ and its reduction to iron (Ⅱ) reverses the aggregation : implications in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease

Yamamoto, Akira,Shin, Ryong-Woon,Hasegawa, Kazuhiro,Naki, Hironobu,Sato, Hiroyuki,Yoshimasu, Fumio,Kitamoto, Tetsuyuki 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2002 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.4

Iron as well as aluminum is reported to accumulate in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Alzheimer's disease(AD) brain. Previously we demonstrated that aluminum(Ⅲ) shows phosphate-dependent binding with hyperphosphorylated τ(PHFτ), the major constituent of NFTs, thereby inducing aggregation of PHFτ. Herein we report that iron(Ⅲ) can also induce aggregation of soluble PHFτ to occur, iron in the oxidized state (Ⅲ) is essential since iron in the reduced state (Ⅲ) lacks such ability. Furthermore, iron (Ⅲ)-induced aggregation is reversed by reducing iron (Ⅲ) to iron (Ⅱ). Thus the iron-participating aggregation is mediated not only by τ phosphorylation but also by the transition of iron between reduced (Ⅱ) and oxidized (Ⅲ) states. Further incubation of insoluble PHFτ aggregates isolated from AD brain with reducing agents produced liberation of solubilized PHFτ and iron (Ⅱ), indicating that PHFτ in association with iron (Ⅲ) constitutes the insoluble pool of PHFτ. These results indicate that iron might play a role in the aggregation of PHFτ leading to the formation of NFTs in AD brain.

임산부의 철분 섭취량과 흡수율 및 관련된 영양지식에 관한 연구

김은경,이규희 대한지역사회영양학회 1998 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was designed to estimate mean daily iron intake and its bioavailabi- lity and to assess nutrition knowledge for 144 pregnant women in the last trimester. Serum ferritin concentration was analyzed to estimate their iron stores. Dietary intakes of iron(heme iron and nonheme iron), the amounts of MPF(meat, poultry and fish) and ascorbic acid were assessed by modified 24-hr recall method. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects usual food consumption patterns. The mean value of serum ferritin was $21.3\pm{15.2ng/ml}$ and 26.4% of the pregnant women had a serum ferritin level <12ng/ml(i.e. depleted iron stores). The mean daily intake of total orin in the pregnant women was 56.5%(17.0mg) of RDA and heme iron intake was 0.94mg which was 5.5% of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron calculated by the method of Monsen was 2.41mg and bioavailability of dietary iron was 2.41%. Food frequency test score of meats group was positively correlated(r=0.443) with the bioaavailability of dietary iron. The mean score on the nutrition knowledge test of subjects was 12.76(out of a possible 20 points). These results indicate that the nutritional iron status may be improved by increasing either the amount of iron in the diet or its availability.

Intrinsic properties and reactivities of mononuclear nonheme iron-oxygen complexes bearing the tetramethylcyclam ligand

de Visser, S.P.,Rohde, J.U.,Lee, Y.M.,Cho, J.,Nam, W. Elsevier Publishing Company 2013 Coordination chemistry reviews Vol.257 No.2

Iron-oxygen species, such as iron(IV)-oxo, iron(III)-superoxo, iron(III)-peroxo, and iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes, are key intermediates often detected in the catalytic cycles of dioxygen activation by heme and nonheme iron enzymes. Our understanding of the chemistry of these key intermediates has improved greatly by studies of the structural and spectroscopic properties and reactivities of their synthetic analogues. One class of biomimetic coordination complexes that has proven to be particularly versatile in studying dioxygen activation by metal complexes is comprised of Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>?O and Fe<SUP>III</SUP>?O<SUB>2</SUB>(H) complexes of the macrocyclic tetramethylcyclam ligand (TMC, 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). Several recent advances have been made in the synthesis and isolation of new iron-oxygen complexes of this ligand, their structural and spectroscopic characterization, and elucidation of their reactivities in various oxidation reactions. In this review, we summarize the chemistry of the first structurally characterized mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complex, in which the Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>?O group was stabilized by the TMC ligand. Complexes with different axial ligands, [Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>(O)(TMC)(X)]<SUP>n+</SUP>, and complexes of other cyclam ligands are discussed as well. Very recently, significant progress has also been reported in the area of other iron-oxygen intermediates, such as iron(III)-superoxo, iron(III)-peroxo, and iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes bearing the TMC ligand. The present results demonstrate how synthetic and mechanistic developments in biomimetic research can advance our understanding of dioxygen activation occurring in mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes.

Effects of Waterborne Iron on Serum Iron Concentration and Iron Binding Capacity of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

지정훈,강주찬,김성길 한국수산과학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.1

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was exposed to waterborne iron (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10mg/L) for 50days. The effects of iron on blood iron status and iron binding capacity were studied. The serum iron concentration was significantly higher than in the group exposed to iron (1, 5 and 10mg/L) in comparison to the control after 30days of exposure to iron. A significant decrease in unsaturated iron binding capacity was found between the control and the group exposed to iron (5 and 10mg/L, respectively) at 40 and 50days, respectively. The total iron binding capacity of serum in the fish exposed to iron concentrations (5 and 10mg/L) showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control at 40days after iron exposure. Serum iron saturation values increased in the flounder exposed to iron concentration (5 and 10mg/L) at 50days. Our data suggest that sub-lethal exposure of waterborne iron alters the blood iron concentration and iron binding capacity, and these parameters seems to be valuable factors for screening and diagnosis of iron overload syndromes in fish.

철을 이용한 실내외 환경조형물 제작에 관한 연구

변건호(Byun Kun Ho) 한국조형디자인학회 2005 조형디자인연구 Vol.8 No.2

The development of industry from ancient times to the present has been underlaid with abilities to handle iron. Assuming that the value and utility of iron as a material of formative arts and crafts have not been appreciated properly, the present study purposed to suggest methods of utilizing iron as a formative material of contemporary arts and crafts. For this purpose, we reviewed the basic properties of iron and examined different kinds of iron and iron alloys. In addition, we investigated the strong points and excellencies of iron, looked for methods of creating environmental formations using iron and evaluated the aesthetic value of !fon. Iron is a widely used important material because it has high strength, hardness and tenacity compared to other metals and the properties can be enhanced to some degree through heat treatment. However, because pure iron is too tender and impractical, it is alloyed with other elements. Among alloys, stainless steel has beautiful surface and high resistance against corrosion, so it is usable without surface treatment such as coating and painting and, as a result, it does not cause environmental contamination. Thus the material is considered to have many positive aspects for the environment. Steel material is economically efficient due to the large amount of deposits. Raw material can be mass-produced and it can be formed and processed into final products. Furthermore, its workability such as cutting and welding is higher than other structural materials, so the material is suitable for part processing and assembly industries. However, because iron is easily corroded and oxidized in the air, it needs to have separate chemical treatment such as surface treatment and coating. For this, external materials with improved surface treatment and corrosion-resistance are being developed recently and one of them is weathering steel. Weathering steel is less corrosive in the air and highly corrosion- resistant compared to ordinary steel. In addition, a stable film is formed over time, which prevents the progress of corrosion and reduces the cost of structure maintenance. Because of these advantages, weathering steel is spotlighted as a new material distinguished from existing finishing materials and expanding its application as an external material of construction. In addition, it is an environment- friendly external material in that it can be used as it is without additional artificial surface treatment. One of patterns that can be called 'contemporary' in fine art since the 20th century is the emergence of iron formations based on welding technology, and another is the establishment of the concept of environmental formations. Formations have a direct relation with vanous materials that have their own uruque properties. With the materials, artists express their ideas in natural forms, and one of their important jobs is to discover beauty latent in the materials. The plasticity, permanence and economic efficiency of Iron suggest new possibility of creation in terms of material and technique. In addition, the durability, heavy feel and gigantic scale of iron make it a suitable material of environmental formations in harmony with urban spaces of contemporary society. Environmental formations are structures installed inside and outside buildings to improve the beauty of surrounding environment and to contribute to emotional stability. They enrich the culture of human community and create new spaces for interaction between man and nature. This is a concept compatible with circulation of nature, and IS consistent with the penTlanent circulation of iron in the aspect of the recycling of iron. The author linked the changing process of fonnations to the concept of circulation in living organic bodies through changes over time in color and texture of weathering steel and contrast between weathering steel and stainless steel.

Effect of Iron-nanoparticles and Iron-microparticles on Erythropoiesis and Iron-storage in Iron-deficiency Anemic Mice

Jong-Soo Kim, Young Mi Kim, Ki-ho Lee, Dang-Young Kim, Bong Su Kang, Ja Seon Yoon, Yoon-Bok Lee, Jae-Hwang Jeong, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Iron is an essential trace element for normal functions of the body. Restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups, including the normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in the normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for seven weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for three weeks with the low Fe diet, animals in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups received oral administration of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg for four weeks. The IDA group showed markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with the normal group throughout the experimental periods. Treatments with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for four weeks resulted in restoration of the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. The Fe-NPs group showed faster restoration in values than Fe-MPs with passage of time. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than in the normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Treatment with Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs resulted in a significant increase in hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation, compared with the IDA group with passage of time. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups, similar to the normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can result in recovery from anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.

Effect of Iron-nanoparticles and Iron-microparticles on Erythropoiesis and Iron-storage in Iron-deficiency Anemic Mice

YOUNG-MI KIM,Ki-ho Lee,Dang Young Kim,Bong Su Kang,Ja Seon Yoon,Yoon-Bok Lee,정재황,남상윤,윤영원,김종수,이범준 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Iron is an essential trace element for normal body’s functions. The restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups including normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, the animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for 7 weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for 3 weeks with the low Fe diet, the animals in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were orally treated with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at the daily dose of 40 mg/kg for 4 weeks. IDA group showed a markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with normal group throughout experimental periods. Treatments of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for 4 weeks restored the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. Fe-NPs group showed the faster restoration in the values than Fe-MPs as time passes. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased by Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs treatments compared with IDA group as time increase. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups similarly to normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can recover anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.

운동영양학 : 철분 투여가 여자 검도 수련생의 혈중 철분 지표와 지질 및 항산화능에 미치는 영향

김종호(JongHoKim) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.6

Elevated iron stores may or may not promote atherogenesis by increasing free radical formation and oxidative stress, but studies about effects of iron supplementation on serum lipid profile and antioxidant capacity are lacking. We investigated changes in iron status, serum lipid profile and antioxidant capacity of Kumdo trainees after iron supplementation for 6 weeks. Twenty iron-depleted (serum ferritin < 20 g/L), nonanemic (hemoglobin > 11 g/dL) women who had participated in Kumdo received iron (iron group) or placebo (placebo group) for 6 wk in a randomized, double-blind trial (n = 10 per group). No significant differences between the groups in baseline iron status, nutrition status and physical activities were observed. After treatment, serum iron and transferrin saturation increased significantly in the iron group (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Serum transferrin receptor concentrations increased significantly in the placebo group (P < .05) but not in the iron group. No significant differences between the groups in lipid profiles, except for Serum HDL-C level which decreased significantly in the iron group (P < .05) were observed. TBARS decreased significantly in the iron group (P < .05)

Effects of Waterborne Iron on Serum Iron Concentration and Iron Binding Capacity of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Jee, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Seong-Gil,Kang, Ju-Chan 한국수산학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.1

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was exposed to waterborne iron (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) for 50 days. The effects of iron on blood iron status and iron binding capacity were studied. The serum iron concentration was significantly higher than in the group exposed to iron (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) in comparison to the control after 30 days of exposure to iron. A significant decrease in unsaturated iron binding capacity was found between the control and the group exposed to iron (5 and 10 mg/L, respectively) at 40 and 50 days, respectively. The total iron binding capacity of serum in the fish exposed to iron concentrations ( 5 and 10 mg/L) showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control at 40 days after iron exposure. Serum iron saturation values increased in the flounder exposed to iron concentration ( 5 and 10 mg/L) at 50 days. Our data suggest that sub-lethal exposure of waterborne iron alters the blood iron concentration and iron binding capacity, and these parameters seems to be valuable factors for screening and diagnosis of iron overload syndromes in fish.