Effect of Different CO₂ Deastringency Application Timing on Fruit Quality Attributes and Physiological Disorders in Cold-Stored ‘Sangjudungsi’ Persimmon Fruit

Nay Myo Win,Jingi Yoo,Jinwook Lee,Hee-Young Jung,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.3

The effects of different application timing of CO₂ deastringency treatment on fruit quality attributes and physiological disorders of ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage were evaluated. Treatment with an application of 95% CO₂ at harvest ensured the complete removal of astringency after one or two months of cold storage. The deastringency treatment greatly reduced flesh firmness, and early CO₂ application caused the lowest flesh firmness at the end of cold storage. The soluble solids content (SSC) was also decreased after CO₂ application, while fruit treated later with CO₂ had lowest SSC, compared with the other CO₂ application timings. Weight loss and respiration rate both increased in deastringency-treated fruit. Peel color variables, as measured using the CIELab color space, were also affected by the treatment. The changes in peel color variables were more detectable in the calyx-end regions than in the equatorial regions. Fruit treated with CO₂ one-month after harvest were observably different in peel color variables. Flesh browning was also detected in fruit treated one-month after harvest. The decrease in astringency following CO₂ treatment led to increased incidence of flesh browning and fruit softening at the end of the cold storage period. Peel blackening was also detected in early deastringency-treated fruit at the end of cold storage. This study suggested that earlier CO₂ application may decrease flesh firmness and increase the incidence and severity of physiological disorders in ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage.

Effect of Application Timing of Deastringency and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatments on Fruit Quality Attributes and Physiological Disorders of Two Astringent Persimmon Cultivars during Cold Storage

Jingi Yoo,In-Kyu Kang,Seulgi Ryu,Nay Myo Win,Jinwook Lee 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.3

Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit are treated with high levels of CO₂ or alcohol treatments to remove bitterness, but additional treatments are needed to maintain fruit firmness for long-term cold storage. Currently, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is widely employed to maintain fruit firmness during cold storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of application timing of a combination of deastringency and 1-MCP treatments on fruit quality attributes and the incidence of physiological disorders in the cold-stored astringent persimmon fruit of two cultivars, ‘Tonewase’ and ‘Sangjudungsi’. Fresh weight loss gradually increased in ‘Tonewase’, regardless of the timing of the deastringency and 1-MCP treatment. However, the 1-MCP treatment alone resulted in the smallest loss of fresh weight compared with the other treatments in ‘Sangjudungsi’. Fruit firmness was highly maintained by the 1-MCP treatment, regardless of cultivar and application timing. Furthermore, the soluble solids content (SSC) was not affected by the 1-MCP treatment, but was significantly reduced by the deastringency treatment. The SSC was highly retained in ‘Sangjudungsi’. The variation in various color variables was greater in ‘Sangjudungsi’ fruit than in ‘Tonewase’ fruit. Compared with the other treatments, the combination of 1-MCP and deastringency treatments significantly reduced all color variables at both of the peel regions of ‘Tonewase’ fruit. Fruit softening, decay, and wilting rates were highest in the combined 1-MCP and deastringency treatments in ‘Tonewase’ fruit. On the other hand, ‘Sangjudungsi’ was relatively less susceptible to physiological disorders during cold storage. Overall, our results show that astringent persimmon cultivars require individually-tailored management techniques immediately before cold storage to retain fruit quality.

Effects of Polyethylene Film Liner, 1-Methylcyclopropene, and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Treatments on Fruit Quality Attributes of ‘Tonewase’ Persimmon Fruits During Cold Storage

Nay Myo Win,Jinwook Lee,Jingi Yoo,Seulgi Ryu,Kyoung-ook Kim,Dae Hyun Kim,Hee-Young Jung,Myoung-Gun Choung,Kyeung-il Park,Young-Je Cho,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was carried out over two consecutive years to evaluate the effects of polyethylene (PE) film liner, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality attributes of ‘Tonewase’ persimmon in cold storage. Fruit was harvested at two different levels of maturity, at a normal commercial harvest date in the first year and 10 days earlier in the second year. The PE film liner treatment significantly suppressed losses of fresh weight during cold storage, compared with the other treatments in both years. However, peel color variables (L*, a*, and b*) in the calyx-end regions declined when treated with the PE film liner, compared with the other treatments in both years. None of the treatments affected ethylene production and fruit decay was not detected during storage between the treatments. The highest level of fruit softening was observed in persimmon fruit treated with the PE film liner, while the softening rate in the other treatments was less than 50% at the end of cold storage. Fruits in all treatments were unmarketable after 2 months of storage. For the persimmon fruit harvested at the normal harvest date, the treatment with 1-MCP resulted in the highest average respiration rate and the lowest soluble solids content (SSC), compared with fruit in the other treatments. For the persimmon fruit harvested at the early harvest date, flesh firmness of fruit treated with the PE film liner declined significantly, but less so than for fruit in the other treatments by the end of storage, whereas the SSC and respiration rate were not affected by any of the treatments during cold storage. The PE film liner significantly reduced fresh weight loss during cold storage and flesh firmness and peel color were significantly affected by this treatment in second year. Overall, the results suggested that fruit harvest time in terms of fruit maturity and PE film liner treatment would retain greater fruit quality attributes during storage.

조 · 만생종 완전단감의 과실발달 단계별 형질특성 및 유전자 발현 분석

김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),안광환(Gwang-Hwan Ahn),박기림(Girim Park),손병구(Beunggu Son),최영환(Youngwhan Choi),강점순(Jumsoon Kang),이용재(Youngjae Lee),제병일(Byeong Il Je),박영훈(Younghoon Park) 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.3

완전단감 품종 중 만생종인 ‘부유’와 조생종인 ‘조추’의 과실 발육 단계 별 주요 형질과 과실 내 발현되는 전사체의 비교 분석을 통해, 만생종과 조생종 간 숙기 조절 관련 유전자를 탐색하였다. 개화 후 6주부터 ‘조추’는 개화 후 18주까지, ‘부유’는 24주까지 과피색과 유리당 함량을 3주 간격으로 조사한 결과 ‘조추’의 과실 성숙이 ‘부유’보다 이른 시기에 시작됨을 보여 주었다. 색도는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 과피 착색이 빠르게 진행되었고, 개화 후 18주에 두 품종 간 차이가 현저하게 드러났다. 과실내 유리당 함량을 조사한 결과, ‘조추’의 서당 감소 시점이 ‘부유’에 비해 약 9주 빨랐다. 두 품종의 과육 전사체 분석은 개화 후 9주부터 18주까지 3주 간격으로 수행하였다. 전사체의 GO term 분석에서는 세포와 세포소기관에서 대사과정과 발육을 조절하는 촉매작용과 수송 관련 유전자, 그리고 KOG 분석과 KEGG pathway 분석에서는 신호전달과 핵산구조, 전분과 당 대사에 관한 pathway 유전자가 주를 이루었다. DEGs 분석은 각 품종의 개화 후 9주의 과육 샘플을 대조구로 하여 이후 18주까지 3주 간격의 샘플을 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅰ과 각 단계별로 ‘부유’를 대조구로 하고 ‘조추’를 처리구로 비교한 DEGs set Ⅱ로 분석하였다. DEGs set Ⅰ의 발현량을 분석한 결과, 3가지 비교조합 중에서 ‘부유’는 개화 후 18주에, ‘조추’는 15주에 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 up-regulation된 유전자의 개수가 가장 많았다. DEGs set Ⅱ에서는 ‘부유’에 비해 ‘조추’에서 개화 후 12주에 down-regulation되는 유전자가, 15주에는 up-regulation되는 유전자가 많았다. 과실 형질 관련 후보유전자의 발현량을 형질변화와 비교 분석한 결과, 탄수화물 대사에 관련된 UGPase-1과 AGPase-1, 카로티노이드 생합성 경로의 CRTISO와 PDS는 ‘조추’의 조기 과실 성숙을 유도하는 유전자로 추정되었다. Transcription factor(TF)로는 ethylene responsive gene의 promoter에 결합하는 ERF3와 ACS의 promoter에 결합하는 MADS-box TF인 RIN, AGL, FUL, 그리고 climacteric type의 성숙을 조절하는 NAC가 ‘부유’, ‘조추’ 단감의 성숙 조절에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 추정되었다. We analyzed the major fruit traits and transcriptomes between a late-ripening cultivar ‘Fuyu’ and an early-ripening cultivar ‘Soshu’ of pollination constant non-astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) at different developmental stages. Sugar concentration and fruit peel color were measured every 3 weeks, until 18 weeks after full bloom (WAB) for ‘Soshu’ and 24 WAB for ‘Fuyu’. For the sugar concentration in fruit, sucrose levels began to decline 9 weeks earlier in ‘Soshu’. Fruit peel coloring progressed faster in ‘Soshu’, and differences in color between the cultivars were most notable at 18 WAB. Transcriptome analysis was carried out for fruit flesh every 3 weeks from 9-18 WAB. Gene ontology term analysis of the transcriptome indicated that catalytic and transport genes involved in metabolism and growth in cells and cellular organelles were mainly expressed, while in KOG and KEGG analysis, the majority of expressed genes were related to signal transduction, nuclear structure, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed from two sets of samples: set I, in which fruits sampled at 12, 15, and 18 WAB were compared as the treatment group to the sample collected at 9 WAB as the control for each cultivar; and set II, in which fruit samples of ‘Soshu’ were compared as the treatment group to ‘Fuyu’ as the control at each WAB. For the DEGs of set I, containing three comparison combinations, the number of up-regulated genes in the treatment sample was highest at 18 WAB in ‘Fuyu’ and at 15 WAB in ‘Soshu’. For the DEGs of set II, the number of down-regulated genes and the number of up-regulated genes were higher in ‘Soshu’ compared to ‘Fuyu’ at 12 WAB and 15 WAB, respectively. We then compared the expression patterns of fruit trait-related genes with the phenotypic changes in traits. Our results indicated that UGPase-1 and AGPase-1, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and CRTISO and PDS, involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, may induce early fruit ripening in ‘Soshu’. In addition, the transcription factors (TFs) ERF3, which binds to the promoter of ethylene-responsive genes; the MADS-box TFs RIN, AGL, and FUL; and the NAC TF controlling climacteric-type fruit ripening were considered to play a key role in controlling fruit ripening in ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Soshu’.

국내 육성 사과품종들의 전분지수를 통한 과실 성숙기 예측

유진기(Jingi Yoo),권중근(Jung-Geun Kwon),강인규(In-Kyu Kang) 한국원예학회 2023 원예과학기술지 Vol.41 No.1

Relationship between Changes of Carotenoid Composition and the Expression of Related Genes in Fruit Peel of ‘Shiranuri’ Mandarin during Development Stages

Quanchun Hong,Hyun-Jeong Oh,Gyeong Lyong Jeon,Kyung Hwan Boo,Se Yong Lee,Kwan Jeong Song,Key Zung Liu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-