동북아 전자상거래 공동체 구성을 위한 e-Governance

최석범(Seok-beom choi),이용근(Yong-Keun Lee),이충배(Choong-bae Lee),김창봉(Chang- bong Kim),김시중(Si-joong Kim),박경희(Geong-Hee Park) 한국국제상학회 2008 國際商學 Vol.23 No.1

As a condition for efficient establishment of e-Governance, each country in Northeast Asian region should guarantee political security and stable economy policy in order to reduce distrust and discontent among the nations in the region. It is also required to converge ultra-regional systems and also to develop the protective contrivances to strengthen regional security. Basic directions for the organization of e-Governance should include successive procedural approaches, step-by-step increase of the participating nations and parties, phased extension of cooperation. In order to drive this initiative in proactive and sustainable manner, it is required to present the vision on e-Governance in Northease Asia community, to set up a secretariat, to eliminate obstacles, to establish supporting policies for private sector participants. The prpose of this paper contributes to activate the e-Commerce in Northeast Asia by constructing the e-Governance in Northeast Asia step by step.

e-거버넌스 연구의 경향 분석: 국내 학술논문을 중심으로

유재미 ( Yu Jae-mi ),오철호 ( Oh Cheol H. ) 한국지능정보사회진흥원 2015 정보화정책 Vol.22 No.4

Since the 1990s, the notion of governance has been introduced as an alternative way of understanding the new trend of public administration. Then, it was followed by the emergence of the concept, e-governance (electronic governance) with the development of information and communication technologies. E-governance means an approach to understanding how to manage state affairs. It emphasizes the notion of governance where various actors (government-market-civil society, etc.) adjust and cooperate through mutual collaborative network, not a unilateral decision-making form of government, in order to solve common problems. It also carries the notion of ‘electronic’ in the sense that it operates on the basis of utilizing information and communication technology (ICT). This study systematically attempts to analyze research trends and methodologies of e-governance in major Korean journals and proceedings in the field of public administration and policy studies over the last 15 years. Some of the findings are worth noting: first, e-governance studies in Korea are in large measure concentrated on the government-centered perspective. Also, past studies tend to focus on problem-solving by suggesting policy alternatives. Past studies, thus, seem to pay relatively less attention to explanation of the phenomena through rigorous analysis. Under the circumstances, this review is expected to shed light on some of conceptual or methodological issues related e-governance studies, thus, to provide significant implications for future research of e-governance.

전자정부의 진화와 시민참여: e-거버넌스 관점에서

윤성이 ( Seong Yi Yun ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2007 사회과학연구 Vol.33 No.3

E-government means a democratic government which provides the best level of public service efficiently through ICTs. Most of e-government projects have been focused on improving government service deliveries. Efficiency and best service delivery have been a main theme of e-government visions and objectives, without full consideration of achieving democratic values. Efficiency and competitiveness can be a main goal of digitalization in private sector. However an efficient and competitive government does not always mean a transparent, accountable and democratic government. The goal of e-government should be extended to the level of realizing e-governance, not being limited to achieve administrative efficiency and competitive power. Although South Korean governments have steadily carried out various e-government projects, e-government has not reached to the stage of e-governance. If the purpose of e-government is to combine administrative services with informatization in order to improve efficiency and competitiveness, the main purpose of e-governance is to widen the measures for citizens to participate in the policy making process and its execution. For e-governance citizens should be engaged in policy making process as active participants, instead of being remained as clients of government services.

참여정부 전자정부 사업의 전자거버넌스 수준

임태훈 ( Tae Hoon Lim ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 2009 사회과학논집 Vol.40 No.2

This study researched how far the Korean e-governance is from the e-government. The purpose of e-government is not only to process the public works efficiently but also to communicate with people electronically. In this study, it is considered how much the function of the communication realized in Korean e-government project. For this, the e-governance functions differentiated from the e-government were derived, and categorized as the three stages-one-way information, two-way transaction, participatory collaboration. Then, the Korean e-government project were examined where it is in these three stages. As a result of this study, almost the Korean e-government projects remained in the stage of the one-way information. It is hard to say the Korean e-government becomes e-governance.

한국에서의 시민중심적 e-거버넌스의 형성과 발전 - 그 형성 과정에서의 정부 역할을 중심으로

김혁(金赫) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2007 신아세아 Vol.14 No.2

  거버넌스의 개념에 대한 논란이 채 마무리 지어 지기도 전에 기술의 획기적 발전은 또 다른 양태의 지배 및 관리 구조로서의 시민중심적 e-거버넌스의 형성을 야기하고 있다. 정보 기술의 획기적 발전은 과거 정부가 누려왔던 정보의 독점을 더 이상 용인하지 않게 되었고, 시민사회에서의 강력한 네트워크의 형성 및 새로운 양태의 권력집단 형성으로 이어지게 되었다. 이에 따라 정부의 지배의지와 관리능력은 실제로 매우 제한되는 양상이 나타나고 있는데, 이러한 경향성은 시민사회의 참여가 증가함에 따라 향후 더욱 강화될 뿐만 아니라 전자적 의사결정 시스템의 현실적 적용과 함께 전혀 새로운 체제로서의 시민중심적 e-거버넌스의 형성을 구체화하고 있다.<BR>  한국의 사례를 보면 정부주도의 행정정보화 및 전자정부 수립의 정책들은 결과적으로 시민사회의 성장을 가능하게 만든 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어적인 기반으로 작용하였다. 결국 정부주도의 전자정부 구축 사업들은 사이버 공간안에서의 신속하고도 통합적인 의사 소통에 따라 시민사회의 분산된 힘이 결집될 수 있는 가능성을 현실화시킴으로써 정부의 의도와는 전혀 다른 방향으로 진행되었다. 정부와 시민사회는 기존의 권력 개념으로 볼때 서로 경합하는 측면이 존재하나, 한국에서는 새롭게 등장한 온라인 공동체가 신정부의 탄생시기부터 동조 및 지지 세력으로 인지됨으로써 상호 공조의 전제하에 정부는 적극적인 국민참여 정책을 견지하였으며 이는 결과적으로 한국 사회에서의 시민중심적 e-거버넌스 형성에 매우 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 평가된다.   Although the concept of "governance" has not been reached an agreement in academic circles yet, a new concept of "citizen-centered e-Governance" is coming to the fore with rapid development of information technologies. Our civil society no longer tolerates the information monopolization by the government, and it can build a powerful network without the intervention of government. These societal changes might be a sign which shows the formation of citizen-centered e-Governance as a new governing system.<BR>  It is the efficiency-oriented policies such as "administration informatization" and "e-Government building" under the active governmental leadership that have become a cornerstone for the growth of civil society ironically. Though there generally exists a struggle between the government and the civil society around the power to govern, the Korean government recognized the newly appeared on-line communities as supporting power, Consequently, this amicable relationship played a positive role in the process of citizen-centered e-governance formation in Korea.

온라인 정치 커뮤니케이션과 플랫폼효과: 부산광역시 홈페이지 사례

김범수 ( Beomsoo Kim ),박근영 ( Keun Young Park ) 서울대학교 한국정치연구소 2016 한국정치연구 Vol.25 No.1

The factors that affect the Internet political participation are classified into the two; one related to agency and the other to structure. By comparing the e-government platform and the e-governance platform, this study exclusively focuses on Platform Effect, one of the structural factors of the Internet political participation, which has long been neglected by many scholars. On E-government platform, because of its unique one to one structure that the government listens to what citizens say, the government tends to control the entire communications and citizens have restrictions in participating in public sphere. On E-governance platform, by contrast, it is more likely that citizens successfully develop the public sphere since multiple numbers of citizens talk to and listen to each other simultaneously. These Platform hypotheses have been applied to two online participation platforms in Busan City Homepage. The results show that the proportion of publicly opened opinion postings on e-governance platform, Jeong-Chaek Forum is greater than that on e-government platform, Busan-si-e-ba-ran-da by 68% to 52%. As for the degree to which the public sphere has been developed, if evaluated by opinions posted on these two platforms, e-governance platform is higher than e-government platform in dimensions of logic, relationship, and compromise. The results of this study suggest that communicative platform is important in realizing the e-democracy. In particular, the role of e-governance platform is so crucial for e-democracy that it should be considered as important as citizen`s choices. In conclusion, if a government intends to drive citizen` vigorous participation in public sphere, it should design e-governance platform.

전자정부로 인한 지방자치법의 변화 연구

성봉근 한국공법학회 2016 공법연구 Vol.45 No.1

Local Autonomy Laws and Acts have been under serious several limits for example long time and distance with alienated from central provinces and insufficient budget. Recently ‘Ensuring State’ Theory and ‘E-Government’ Theory are studied eagerly as hot issues in many areas to overcome these obstacles. These two theories are connected with same aim to provide ‘Good Governance’ to citizens and overcome these things. E-Government is a kind of paradigm which can implement various works of legislation, executive, judicial etc. with electronic tools and process for example ICT. And E-Local Autonomy means the application of E-Government in Local Autonomy. There are 4 relationships in E-Local Autonomy for example G2G, G2C, G2B, IEE etc., and this classification system is available to analyze many problems in Local Autonomy. Some says that E-Government is neutral to Local Autonomy and Democracy. But I think that E-Gov. might make huge influences those things and can make it change. And Some says E-Gov. is going to affect negative for Local Autonomy. But I conclude that E-Gov. will help those things positive on the contrary. The basis of E-Gov. are theoretically founded on the Alvin Toffler‘s futurology, Habermas’ Discussion theory, and James Bryce‘s Democratic theory etc. Some says that E-Gov. is only for improvement in View of Economical Effect. But My Idea is that E-Gov. is practical tools and armour for Ensuring State and Harmonize also in view of Constitutional Order and Value including Democracy. I've researched also many countries in aspect of comparative law including legal history and unique circumstances. Although E-Gov. also might make negative influences to Local Autonomy, but with the help of advanced E-Gov. we can expect great progress of Local Autonomy and Local Administration including E-Democracy. We'd better make good structure which Local Government has Initiative in administration and which Central Government helps and supplement it, instead of bad structure of Regulatory State which is lead forcibly by Central Government. So I suggest We need to amend Constitution and Many Laws including the korean Local Autonomy Law. I suggested specifically several amendment idea those were for conversational structure with citizen, for Electronic Local Autonomy, for systemic, unified and effective Legislation, for Local Finance, for Legislation considering Heuristic Character, and for international Cooperation etc. Now is time to upgrade Constitution and Laws for E-Local Autonomy and E-Democracy. We should apparently know that E-Local Autonomy and E-Democracy cannot be completed all of a sudden like that Rome wasn't built in a day. 지방자치법의 발전은 오랜 동안 시간과 장소 및 예산 등의 제약으로 인하여 매우 곤란한 장애에 가로 막혀 왔다. 이를 극복하기 위해 이슈화되고 있는 이론은‘보장국가론’과 ‘전자정부론’이다. 이 두 가지 이론은 주민들에게 충분한 급부를 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여 만들어지고 발전하고 있다는 점에서 상호 연결되어 있다. 전자정부는 입법, 사법, 행정 등의 작용을 다양한 전자적인 방법을 동원하여 구현하는 새로운 정부의 패러다임이며, 이를 지방자치에 구현하는 것이 전자 지방자치이다. 전자정부는 중립적인 가치관에 불과하다는 입장이 있지만, 지방자치 및 민주주의의 변화에 영향을 준다는 입장이 타당하다. 전자 지방자치는 지방자치에 대하여 부정적인 영향을 주게 된다는 입장이 있지만, 긍정적인 평가를 하는 입장이 타당하다. 전자정부의 법철학적 기반은 엘빈 토플러의 미래학, 하버마스의 대화이론, 제임스 브라이스의 지방자치이론 등과 연결될 수 있다. 전자 지방자치를 경제적인 관점에서만 바라보는 입장도 있지만, 보장국가를 효과적으로 구현하면서 민주주의를 비롯한 헌법질서와 조화될 수 있는 실질적인 도구이자 무기로 바라보는 입장이 타당하다. 전자정부가 지방자치에 구현되는 역사나 과정 및 현재의 모습, 장래의 전망 등은 나라마다 사정이 다르다. 이에 대하여 비교법적으로 검토해 보았다. 전자정부로 인한 지방자치법의 구체적인 변화들을 검토해 보았다. 전자정부로 인하여 지방자치에 부정적인 영향도 있을 수 있기는 하다. 그러나, 전자 지방자치가 잘 구현되게 되면, 지방행정이 효과적으로 개혁되어 능률성과 효율성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 전자 지방자치의 실현에 의하여 공간적인 한계와 시간적인 제약, 지방재정법상 예산 부족의 문제를 효과적으로 해결해 나갈 수 있다. 전자 지방자치가 잘 구현되면 대화와 합의에 행정의 바탕을 두게 되므로, 전자 민주주의가 발전되게 된다. 전자 지방자치를 실질적으로 잘 구현할 수 있기 위해서는 국가 주도에서 탈피하여 지방자치단체가 우선적으로 행정을 수행하도록 하고, 국가가 지방자치단체를 보완하는 구조로 가야한다. 전자 지방자치를 실질적으로 잘 구현할 수 있도록 헌법과 각종 법령을 개정하고 보완하여야 한다. 이를 위한 입법론을 제시하였다. 구체적으로는 주민들과의 대화형 전자정부 구현을 위한 입법론, 전자 지방자치를 위한 입법론, 체계성과 통일성 및 효율성을 위한 입법론, 전자정부를 구현하기 위한 지방재정을 위한 입법론, 휴리스틱적 성격과 관련한 입법론, 전자 지방자치의 국제적 활동을 위한 입법론 등으로 나누어 제시하였다. 전자 지방자치는 한꺼번에 완성되는 것이 아니라, 끊임없이 실험을 해 나가면서 시행착오를 수정하여야 하는 진행형 패러다임이다.

Critical Success and Failure Factors of e-Government Project Implementation in Kenya

Francis O K Wamoto,황기현(Gee Hyun Hwang) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2016 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Use of ICT in Government has ability to improve service delivery to its citizens, and yet many developing countries have lagged behind in the implementation of e-Government. Many e-Government initiatives also failed to achieve their objectives in developing countries. This paper therefore aims to identify critical failure or success factors in Kenya, using Heeks' Factor Model. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were collected and analyzed from officials and interested citizens. The analysis results enabled to highlight seven specific success and failure factors, and their constituent elements in Kenya. The Kenyan overall e-Government implementation score belongs to the Zone of Improvement (3.52 of total 5.0), which means partial success or failure. The enablers of e-Government projects are good strategy formulation, and internal and external drive, whereas main failures of e-Government are weak ICT infrastructure. The areas for improvement are project management, design, com-petencies and funding. Data analysis highlights both strengths and weaknesses for each factor or variable. In particular, Kenyan government excels at the drive for change by top to bottom government officers as well as external stakeholders, while the government officers who are using e-Government are satisfied with the availability of vision, strategy and plan of e-Government implementation. Both technologies and e-transactions laws were the worst of all the variables in e-Government implementation. Two areas should be improved using immediate corrective action. In-depth study reveals that government officers and citizens can't fully use their laptop and mobile devices due to the lack of both ICT network and its operating technology, and legal system associated with the transaction of business information. Finally, the study ends up with recommendations for policy makers to shape the future of e-Government system in both developing and developed countries.

거버넌스와 인터넷 시민참여의 제도화

김혁(Hyok Kim) 한국정당학회 2010 한국정당학회보 Vol.9 No.1

인터넷을 통해 정부와 기업, 그리고 시민과의 연계성은 과거와는 전혀 다른 양태로 변화하고 있고, e-거버넌스의 구축으로 새로운 국정운영형태가 나타나고 있다. 더 많은 정보가 다양한 계층과 영역의 참여자 간 쌍방향 의사교환 통로를 통해 교환되고 있고, 일반 시민의 정치사회적 잠재력은 한층 확대되었다고 평가된다. 정보통신 기술의 발달로 인하여 시민은 보다 많은 정보에 접근할 수 있게 되고, 직접적인 정치적 요구는 물론 이에 대한 정책결정에도 영향력을 행사하게 됨으로써 정책결정과정의 직접적 참여자의 지위로까지 올라서게 되었다. 하지만 이러한 양적 참여의 확대만으로 국정운영이 가장 효율적이며 민주적으로 이루어지는 진정한 e-거버넌스가 달성이 가능해지는 것은 결코 아니다. 서울시 사례에 대한 분석을 통해, 시민의 참여를 지원하는 전문가 그룹의 활동이 거버넌스적 제도화에 있어서 중요한 의미를 가진다는 사실이 드러났다. e-거버넌스의 효과적 달성을 위해서는 시민과 정부 사이에 정보 비대칭으로 상호불신 및 비합리적 의사결정이 발생하는 상황에 빠지지 않도록, 시민사회에 충분할 정도의 정보 유통과 습득이 가능한 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 한다. 다양한 씽크탱크로부터 정책지식에 대한 전문적 식견으로 무장한 ‘정보화된 시민(informed citizens)’이 활발하게 정책결정 과정에 참여할 수 있는 환경이 제도적으로 구축되었을 때, 시민이 정부의 동반자가 되어 효율적이고 민주적인 e-거버넌스를 형성할 수 있을 것이다. Currently, the link between a civil society between business and governmental sectors has been dramatically changed in a different pattern from what it is used to, and a distinctive governance type in terms of e-Governance has already emerged. As citizens can grasp more valuable information and policy knowledge through interactive communication system, and they obtain more socio-political potential in decision-making processes. Citizens are approaching to a status of direct policy-maker. However, e-Governance cannot be accomplished only with the quantitative changes in political participation. Through analyzing the e-Governance case of Seoul metropolitan government, it is necessary to derive a lot of help from professionals and officials for building up a desirable e-Governance. A institutional mechanism which secure sufficient information and policy knowledge flow to a civil society must be invented, in order to avoid from occurring mutual distrust and irrational decision-making. When the institutional environment in which the ‘informed citizens’ can participate without any restrictions is build up, we can attain a democratic and efficient e-Governance in which citizens become real partners with the government.

전자정부 구현을 위한 GIS 연계방안 연구

김은형 대한공간정보학회 2005 Spatial Information Research Vol.13 No.3

Geospatial information and technologies are considered as a fundamental element in the foreign advanced e-governments. Integration of e-Government and GIS technology should be an important task for the Korean e-government.Purpose of this study is to propose integration strategies for Korean e-Government and National GIS projects in a GIS perspective. For the successful integration this study analyzes the evolutional stages of e-Government and changes of GIS paradigms in a more comprehensive way. This study hypothesizes that integration of e-Government and GIS can create greater synergic effects for the improved citizen services and increased efficiency of governmental administration. To verify the hypothesis, cases of advanced e-Governments in the foreign countries and progress of the Korean e-Government projects are compared and integration strategies are suggested. The strategies are as follows: expanded integration of geospatial and text-based information in e-Government for the greater synergic effects, implementation of GIS portal for e-Government, and development of a variety of geospatial information services for easy access and public participation. Most importantly, innovation of the institutional environments can be considered as an essential requirement to enhance and broaden interdepartmental partnerships. To realize the integration strategies suggested, this study presented the future projects under the following 5 topics: “service”, “integration of information”, “technology”, “organization” and “infrastructure for integration”. It is expected that results of this study can contribute to the bigger picture of Korean e-Government and the third National GIS master plan in 2006.