옥수수의 노균병 저항성 증대를 위한 저항성 유용유전자 발굴

민경도,김효철,김경희,문준철,이병무,김재윤 한국환경생물학회 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a C4-plant and one of the three major crops grown worldwide. Because of its high productivity, maize is considered as one of the most important food and feed stocks in the world. Recently, bioethanol from maize was predominantly generated in the USA and Brazil. Infection of maize by several diseases resulted in a huge disaster and prevented maize production. Downy mildew, caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi, is one of the most serious diseases of maize. Despite efforts to develop downy mildew-resistant cultivars or seed treatment with metalaxyl, downy mildew persists as a serious pathogen and is still prevalent in specific geographical locations. Analysis of soils infected with downy mildew and investigation of candidates associated with downy mildew resistance is an attractive method to overcome downy mildew damage in maize. In a previous study, we reported that maize chromosome 6 carries a possible candidate gene for downy mildew resistance. Using bioinformatics tools and RT-PCR analysis, five novel genes including bZIP, OFP transcription factor, and Ppr were identified as candidate genes associated with downy mildew resistance. 본 연구는 옥수수 재배 시 환경에 영향을 미치는 노균병 저항성과 관련된 유전자 후보군을 탐색해서 노균병으로 인한 토양오염과 옥수수 생산량 감소를 해결하기 위하여 노균병 저항성 품종을 효율적으로 발굴하기 위한 연구이다. 옥수수의 6번 염색체의 152,892,333과 154,335,437 사이에 있는 노균병 저항성 유전자를 탐색하였으며 이 부분에 존재할 것으로 예상되는 전사체에서 38개의 프라이머 세트를 디자인하여 이 중 16개의 예측 전사체를 가려 내었다. 또한 RT-PCR을 수행하여 감염된 Ki11의 발현이 높은 7개의 전사체로 5개의 품종에 대하여 건강한 샘플과 감염된 샘플을 검정하였고 최종 5개의 후보 유전자군[알려지지 않은 미확인 유전자 2개, OFP transcription factor, bZIP transcription factor, pentatricopeptide repeat (Ppr)]이 발견되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 추가적인 실험 설계를 통해 5개의 후보 유전자군에 대한 재검정을 통하여 확실한 노균병 저항성 유전자를 발굴하고 이를 노균병 저항성 품종 개발 및 방재에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

유기농업자재와 순지르기를 이용한 오이 노균병 방제

박종원,김용기,박소향,홍성준,심창기,김민정,박종호,한은정,소현규,김석철 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

This study investigated the effect of organic materials (Bordeaux, Loess-sulfur) and the removal of apical shoot against downy mildew disease on cucumber cultivated in greenhouse. Five kinds of Bordeaux were made by adjusting mixing ratio of lime and copper sulfate in order to elucidate the optimal combination. The 4-6type Bordeaux was selected as the most effective combination for controlling cucumber downy mildew. Loess-sulfur showed inhibitory activity against cucumber downey mildew, but it was less effective than Bordeaux. It was confirmed that apical shoot cutting could reduce the incidence of cucumber downy mildew disease by 56.3%. When apical shoots of susceptible cucumber variety were cut at different leaf stages, disease incidence by early apical shoot cutting treatment was lower than that of late apical shoot cutting treatment. However in a resistant variety, ‘Heukryungsamcheok’, disease incidences of all cucumber apical shoot cutting treatments were lower than that of non-cutting treatment, but there was no differences between apical shoot cutting treatments due to low disease incidences. In addition, when organic materials and apical shoot cutting treatment were carried out in parallel, the combined treatments of organic materials and apical shoot cutting showed low disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew compared to untreated control. The lowest disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew was recorded in the combined treatment of 4-6type Bordeaux and apical shoot cutting. This study confirmed that apical shoot cutting can reduce the disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew and the combined treatment of apical shoot cutting and organic materials showed higher suppressive effect against cucumber downy mildew

육묘상 양파 노균병에 대한 몇 가지 살균제의 방제 효과

모청용,이장훈,고숙주,양광열 한국식물병리학회 2016 식물병연구 Vol.22 No.3

During the nursery seedlings stage at Muan in 2013, moisture and temperature conditions were favorable for the occurrence of onion downy mildew. Several fungicides were evaluated for controlling onion downy mildew at the stage of seedling. The disease incidence of the untreated control was 51.1%, which was sufficient to evaluate the fungicide efficacy for the control of onion downy mildew. Incidence at the mancozeb treatment (MAN treatment) was 4.4% and it was the highest control value of 91.4%. Incidence at the various fungicides treatment (MIX treatment) consisted of amectotradin plus dimethomorph, floupicolide plus propamocarb HCl, or dimethomorph plus pyraclostrobin was 10.0%, and the control value of the MIX treatment was 80.4%. Among the tested fungicides, amectotradin plus dimethomorph (AME plus DIM treatment) was selected and treated. Incidence of AME plus DIM treatment was 12.2%. There was statistically significant difference among the three different treatments and the untreated control. These results suggest that the application of fungicides on onion nursery seedlings was effective to control the onion downy mildew.

양파노균병 예찰의 정밀도를 위한 정규식생지수 평가 및 적용

강병삼,이예영,최옥희,김진우 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 농업생명과학연구 Vol.56 No.2

가시광선 영역의 스펙트럼과 근적외선 영역의 스펙트럼을 포함하는 다중스펙트럼 기반 정밀 감지 기술은 농작물 품질, 스트레스 및 식물 병 진단 등의 비침습적 분석 및 감지에 성공적으로 적용되고 있고 원격 감지를 위한 센서 기술로 인정받고 있다. 다중스펙트럼 기반 원격 감지는 다양한 작물에서 다양한 병을 감지, 모니터링 및 정량화하는 데 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 양파노균병 감염의 지표로 엽록소 함량 관련된 다중스펙트럼 기반 식생 지수(Vegetation Index) 지표의 사용을 평가하는 것이다. 양파노균병은 주로 2~3월에 발생하고 양파 생산에 가장 큰 손실을 야기하는 양파병 중 하나다. 2021년 3월 중순경 공간적으로 분리된 경상남도 함양과 전라남도 무안 지역에서 노균병이 심하게 걸린 양파 노지 포장을 시험구로 사용하였다. 다중스펙트럼 카메라가 장착된 드론을 사용하여 다중스펙트럼 이미지를 얻었고 농작물 식생 지수 분석에 주로 사용되는 NDVI, NDRE 및 GNDVI 값을 분석하였다. 지상 20 m에서 얻은 다중스펙트럼의 NDVI, NDRE 및 GNDVI 수치의 히스토그램은 0 에 집중되어 있었는데 이는 주로 흙과 암석에서 나타나는 수치에 해당한다. 이는 양파 재배 특성상 물 빠짐을 좋게 하기 위해 조성한 고랑들이 식생 지수 수치를 왜곡한 것을 판단되었다. 양파가 없는 고랑으로 인한 식생 지수 왜곡을 배제하기 위해 지상 2 m에서 다중스펙트럼 이미지를 얻었고 이들의 식생 지수를 분석한 결과, NDVI 수치가 건전 양파와 노균병 감염 양파 간 차이를 뚜렷하게 구분할 수 있었다. GNDV 및 NDRE 값은 완전히 성장한 식물에서 높은 엽록소 민감도를 통해 식물 발달을 분석하기 위한 NDVI에 대한 경쟁적 식생 지수인데, 2~3월경 양파의 불완전한 생육으로 인해 캐노피가 부족하여 GNDVI와 NDRE의 민감도가 떨어진 것으로 추정된다. 노균병에 걸린 양파의 NDVI 수치는 0 값에 집중되어 있는 반면, 건전한 양파는 0.5 값에 걸쳐 있었는데, 이러한 결과는 생육환경이 전혀 다르고 지역적으로 분리된 함양과 무안 지역에서 재배되고 자연적으로 발생한 양파에서도 동일한 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하며, NDVI는 양파노균병 발생 감지에 적용할 수 있는 것으로 평가되고 뿐만 아니라 전문가 진단에 따른 변동성과 반복성의 변화를 극복할 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 평가된다. Multispectral-based precision sensing technology, including visible light spectrum and near-infrared spectrum, has been successfully applied to non-invasive analysis and detection such as crop quality, stress, and plant disease diagnosis. Multispectral-based remote sensing, which has been used to detect, monitor and quantify a variety of diseases in a variety of crops, is recognized as a superior sensor technology. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of multispectral-based vegetation index indicators related to chlorophyll content as indicators of downy mildew infection. Onion downy mildew occurs mainly in February and March, and causes the greatest loss to onion production. In mid-March 2021, downy mildew-infected onion fields were observed and used as test sites in Hamyang,Gyeongsangnam-do and Muan, Jeollanam-do, which were spatially separated. Multispectral images were obtained using a drone equipped with a multispectral camera, and vegetation indices, including NDVI, NDRE, and GNDVI values were analyzed according to the formula for analysis of the vegetation index. Multispectral histograms of NDVI, NDRE, and GNDVI values obtained from a height of 20 m are centered at 0 value, which corresponds to values mainly found in soil and rocks. The vegetation indices were considered to be distorted due to the furrows made for drainage. Multispectral images were acquired at a height of 2 m to exclude vegetation index distortion due to furrows. As a result of analyzing the vegetation index, the difference between healthy onions and downy mildew-infected onions could be clearly distinguished by the NDVI value. GNDV and NDRE values are competitive vegetation indices for NDVI for analyzing plant development through high chlorophyll sensitivity in fully grown plants. It is estimated that the sensitivity of GNDVI and NDRE is lowered due to the lack of a canopy resulting from the incomplete growth of onions around February to March. The NDVI values of downy mildew-infected onions were concentrated around 0 value, whereas healthy onions spanned values of 0.5. The results of this study are evaluated to be applicable to the detection of onion downy mildew using NDVI, as well as to be an alternative to overcome changes in variability and repeatability due to expert diagnosis.

항공초분광영상을 이용 배추 노균병 조기진단을 위한 딥러닝 모델 개발

루카스위쿠쿠스위디얀토 ( Lukas Wiku Kuswidiyanto ),노현호 ( Hyun Ho Noh ),정희영 ( Hee-young Jung ),한웅철 ( Xiongzhe Han ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

As one of the primary agricultural commodities in Korea, Chinese cabbage is vulnerable to disease infections, particularly downy mildew. Downy mildew infections are identified by irregular yellow to pale brown spots on the upper leaf surface, which damage the leaf cells and thus lead to leaf death. An early diagnosis system to detect the disease would be an essential asset to prevent its occurrence and improve plant protection. As one of the non-destructive evaluation methods, hyperspectral imaging is capable of capturing a wide range of spectral wavelengths and sensitive enough to detect disease presence in a plant. A UAV and hyperspectral imaging system offer accurate field-scale downy mildew detection. The preliminary experiment has shown spectral differences between diseased and healthy cabbage plants. Based on hyperspectral image data, the detection system employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) that extracts spectral and spatial features to detect the disease and its location. A 3D CNN architecture will be used in this study to exploit spectral variance further and accurately detect the disease.

분자마커를 활용한 옥수수 육종

김재윤,문준철,백성범,권영업,송기태,이병무 韓國作物學會 2014 한국작물학회지 Vol.59 No.2

Maize is one of the most important food and feed crops in the world including Southeast Asia. In spite of numberous efforts with conventional breeding, the maize productions remain low and the loss of yields by drought and downy mildew are still severe in Asia. Genetic improvement of maize has been performed with molecular marker and genetic engineering. Because maize is one of the most widely studied crop for its own genome and has tremendous diversity and variant, maize is considered as a forefront crop in development and estimation of molecular markers for agricultural useful trait in genetics and breeding. Using QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) and MAS (Marker Assisted Breeding), molecular breeders are able to accelerate the development of drought tolerance or downy mildew resistance maize genotype. The present paper overviews QTL/MAS approaches towards improvement of maize production against drought and downy mildew. We also discuss here the trends and importance of molecular marker and mapping population in maize breeding.

보광이 온실내 온습도와 절화장미의 생육에 미치는 영향

권오현,김원희,이수영,이혜진,천경성,김완순 한국화훼산업육성협회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.3

국내에서 절화장미의 생산에 있어서, 겨울철 부족한 광량과 저온은 생산량을 감소시키고 품질을 저하시킨다. 이에 일몰 후 고압나트륨등을 보광하여 생산량을 증가하고품질을 향상하기 위해 시험을 수행하였다. 절화장미 ‘챠밍블랙’, ‘핑키걸’ 품종을 사용하였으며 400W의 고압나트룸등을 이용해 35µmol•m-2•s-1의 광을 일몰 후 18시부터 4시간, 8시간, 12시간을 보광하였다. 고압나트륨등을 보광 하였을 때 온실내의 온도는 2~4oC가 상승하였고, 습도는 15~20%가 하락하였다. 고압나트륨 보광에 의한 온도의 상승과 습도의 하락은 절화장미 재배에서 노균병 발생을 억제하는 효과가 있었다. 보광시간이 길어질수록 절화장미의 노균병 발생율이 감소하였다. ‘챠밍블랙’은 8시간 이상의 보광처리구에서, ‘핑키걸’은 12시간보광 시 노균병이 100% 억제되었다. 절화장미에서 일몰후 보광시간이 길어질수록 블라인드의 발생률은 감소하였으나 생산량은 8시간 보광을 실시한 처리구에서 가장많았다. 절화장미의 절화장은 보광을 실시하였을 때 길어졌으며, 보광시간별 유의한 차이는 없었다. In domestic production of cut-flower roses, the lack oflight and low temperature in winter time reduces the productionand deteriorates the product quality. For this reason, 400W ofhigh-pressure sodium were supplemented to ‘Charming Black’and ‘Pinky Girl’ of cut-flower roses for 4 hours, 8 hours and 12hours each after sunset. During supplemental lighting, thelighting intensity was about 35µmol•m-2•s-1. When high-pressure sodium was supplemented, the temperature inside ofgreen house went up by 2~4 and humidity went down by15~20%. The temperature rise and humidity drop causedby supplemental lighting of high-pressure sodium had aneffect of suppressing downy mildew. The longer of timesupplemental lighting, lowered the occurrence rate of downymildew. The downy mildew in ‘Charming Black’ and ‘PinkyGirl’ was suppressed one hundred percent after staying insupplemental lighting treatment plot for more than 8 hours and12 hours respectively. In cut-flower roses, longer supplementallighting time after sunset, resulted higher flower production.The length of cut-flower got longer when the supplementallighting was executed and there was significant difference bythe time of supplemental lighting

Spreader Row Technique을 이용한 옥수수 노균병 검정

김경희,문준철,김재윤,김효철,신승호,송기태,백성범,이병무 한국작물학회 2016 한국작물학회지 Vol.61 No.1

옥수수 노균병에 대한 저항성 및 감수성을 확인하기 위하여 캄보디아 현지에서 노균병을 수집 및 채집하였으며, spreader row technique을 이용하여 봄/여름과 늦여름/가을동안 시험포장에 노균병을 접종한 후 4주차와 6주차에 노균병 발병률을 확인하였다. 국내 품종 7개와 육성 품종 7개는 노균병 접종 후 6주차에서 노균병에 대하여 대부분 highly susceptible (HS)의 등급을 확인하였으며, 발병률은 80~100% 로 NAM parent계통보다 높게 나타났다. 이것은 국내 품종과 육성 품종 모두는 노균병에 대한 감수성이 있는 품종으로 확인하였다. 반면, Ki3, Ki11, CML228 계통은 봄/여름시즌에서는 0~5%의 발병률과 highly resistant (HR) 또는resistant (R)의 등급을 확인할 수 있었고, 늦여름/가을 시즌에는 22.2~25%의 발병률 및 moderately resistant (MR)의발병 등급이 나타났다. 효율적인 노균병 접종을 위해서 기상 조건 및 습도, 그리고 온도를 중요시하며, 접종 방법 또한 간단하면서 손쉽게 관리할 수 있는 방법이 가장 중요하다. 본 연구에서 사용한 spreader row technique은 다양한병징 연구에 활용이 가능하며, 저항성 및 감수성 품종을 효율적으로 확인 및 선발할 수 있다. This study was conducted to evaluate maize downy mildew resistance using spreader row technique in Cambodia. A total of forty maize lines were used in this experiment. Seven Korean varieties and seven breeding lines showed high infection rates (80~100%) and highly susceptible (HS) to downy mildew disease in both spring and fall. Also most of nested association mapping (NAM) parent lines were highly susceptible (HS). Meanwhile three inbred lines, Ki3, Ki11, and CML228, showed highly resistant (HR) or resistant (R) in spring and moderately resistant (MR) in fall. These three lines were already known as resistant inbred lines against downy mildew disease. It appears that spreader row technique was suitable for selection of maize downy mildew resistance in Cambodia. The incidence of downy mildew was influenced by weather conditions, especially relative humidity and temperature. Among several inoculation methods to screen for downy mildew resistance, this spreader row technique is effectively and easily used in the field of Southeast Asia. Keywords : Downy mildew, Maize, Spreader row technique

Spreader Row Technique을 이용한 옥수수 노균병 검정

김경희,문준철,김재윤,김효철,신승호,송기태,백성범,이병무 한국작물학회 2016 Korean journal of crop science Vol.61 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate maize downy mildew resistance using spreader row technique in Cambodia. A total of forty maize lines were used in this experiment. Seven Korean varieties and seven breeding lines showed high infection rates (80~100%) and highly susceptible (HS) to downy mildew disease in both spring and fall. Also most of nested association mapping (NAM) parent lines were highly susceptible (HS). Meanwhile three inbred lines, Ki3, Ki11, and CML228, showed highly resistant (HR) or resistant (R) in spring and moderately resistant (MR) in fall. These three lines were already known as resistant inbred lines against downy mildew disease. It appears that spreader row technique was suitable for selection of maize downy mildew resistance in Cambodia. The incidence of downy mildew was influenced by weather conditions, especially relative humidity and temperature. Among several inoculation methods to screen for downy mildew resistance, this spreader row technique is effectively and easily used in the field of Southeast Asia.

이산화염소수를 활용한 오이 노균병 친환경방제

김병련(Byung-Ryun Kim),함수상(Soo-Sang Hahm),권미경(Mi-Kyung Kwon),김윤정(Yun-Jeong Kim),김운섭(Woon-Seop Kim),송정영(Jeong-Young Song),오상근(Sang-Keun Oh),주정일(Jung-Il Ju) 한국식물병리학회 2021 식물병연구 Vol.27 No.4

Pseudoperonospora cubensis (downy mildew) is highly virulent to various Cucurbitaceae crops, including cucumber (Cucumis sativus). We tested chlorine dioxide application in a plastic greenhouse for environment- friendly control of downy mildew disease. Spraying diluted chlorine dioxide suppressed downy mildew dis- ease with 41.2% control efficacy. Thermal fogging with chlorine dioxide had a high control efficacy of 80.9%, confirming that this approach is useful for environment-friendly downy mildew control. Using thermal fog- ging to control diseases that are greatly affected by humidity, such as downy mildew, may be more effective compared with conventional dilution spray control methods.