Aloe vera peel 추출물의 Streptococcus mutans JC-2에 대한 항균활성(I)

박정순,신용서,류일환,이갑상 한국식품영양학회 2000 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

Aloe vera peel에서 항우식 및 함염증 활성이 있는 물질로 분리, 동정한 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin에 대한 Streptococcus mutans JC-2의 항균활성 및 glucosyltransferase (GTase)활성에 대한 저해 효과를 조사하였다, Aloe-emodin과 barbaloin은 Streptococcus mutans JC-2에 대해 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으며 100ug/mL 첨가농도에서는 lag phase가 연장되고 대수기의 생육도 저하되는 뚜렷한 항균효과가 있었다. 배양액의 pH의 감소폭은 대조군에 비해 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin의 첨가로 적게 나타났다. Streptococcus mutans JC-2의 세포질 성분들은 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin의 첨가농도가 증가할수록 많은 양이 누출되었으며, aloe-emodin과 barbaloin간의 세포막 손상에 있어 큰 차이는 없었다. GTase의 활성은 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin에 의해 저해되었으며 각각 100ug/mL 첨가 농도에서 각각 99.8, 98.4%의 저해율을 나타내었다. To separate anticaries and antiinflammation from Aloe vera peel, we investigated a inhibited effect of Streptococcus mutans JC-2 that was antibiosis, glucosyltransferase activity about aloe-emodin and barbaloin. Aloe-emodin and barbaloin had strong antibiosis activity against Streptococcus mutans JC-2, they were especially antibiosis effect to low growth and prolong lag phase at attachment concentration 100ug/mL. The reduction rate of a culture fluid became to lessen than the comparison group for aloe-emodin and barbaloin. The intracellular materials of Streptococcus mutans JC-2 were to leakage as much as attachment concentration addition of alos-emodin and barbaloin but there was no significant difference membrane demage between two active substances. The activity of GTase was inhibited by aloe-emodin and barbaloin and their inhibition rate was respectively 99.8%, 98.4% at the attachment concentration 100ug/ mL.

Effects of Aloe-fermented Products on Improving Gastrointestinal Functions in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model

( Cho J. H. ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2017 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.29 No.2

Aloe-fermented products (G. lucidum- aloe- fermented product: AG, H. erinaceum-aloe-fermented product: AH and P. linteus-aloe-fermented product: AP) were obtained by fermenting Ganodorma lucidum, Hericium erinaceum, and Phellinus linteus with aloe for different fermentation periods. In this study, the aloe-fermented products were examined to determine their effects on improving gastrointestinal function. Regarding inhibition of β-glucuronidase and tryptophanase, β-glucuronidase was significantly inhibited by all of the aloe-fermented products when compared to that in the control group (Natural aloe vera: AN) which showed 15.8 ± 4.8% inhibition. When 0.5 mg and 1 mg of AG were added, regardless of the fermentation period and amount of AG used, the inhibition effect of AG was a minimum of 56%, which was very significant. Regarding inhibition of tryptophanase, the test groups with 1 mg of the aloe-fermented products exhibited better inhibition effects than the control group (AN), which showed 17.0 ± 2.0%. When the amount of aloe-fermented product was reduced from 1 mg to 0.5 mg, the inhibition effect decreased. AG showed a maximum of 72% inhibition with four days of cultivation. To determine their effects on improving gastrointestinal function in inflammatory bowel disease, AG and AH were administered to Balb/c mice for five days after trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution (TNBS) injection. The test material AG, which was administered a week before colitis induction by TNBS, did not affect colitis induction. The test material AH, however, showed a slight preventive effect on colitis induction. AG and AH were also administered continuously after inducing colitis, and an alleviation of colitis was observed. Therefore, aloe-fermented products can be considered functional foods for improving gastrointestinal function, especially in case of inflammatory bowel disease. Keywords: Aloe-fermented product, Gastrointestinal function, Inflammatory dowel disease, Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution (TNBS)

기억. 학습장애 동물모델 SAMP8에 미치는 알로에(Aloe vera)의 영향 II. SAMP8의 지질대사에 미치는 알로에의 투여효과

최진호,김동우,유제권,한상섭,심창섭,Choi, Jin-Ho,Kim, Dong-Woo,Yoo, Je-Kwon,Han, Sang-Sub,Shim, Chang-Sub 한국생명과학회 1996 생명과학회지 Vol.6 No.3

Aloe(Aloe vera LINNE) has been used as a home medicine for the past several thousand in the world, and has been studied on various chronic degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardiac infarction and hypertension. SMAP8, learning and memory impairment animal mode, were fed basic or experimental diets with 1.0% of freeze dried(FD)-Aloe powder for 8 months. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Aloe on body weight gain, grading score of senescence(GSS), triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol levels, and atherogenic index in serum of SAMP8, and also designed to investigate the effects of Aloe on cholesterol accumultions in mitochondria and microsome fractions of SAMP8 brain. Body weight gain was consistently lower in aloe group than in control group, but no significantly differences between them. Grading score of senescence resulted ina marked decreases pf 20% in 1.0% Aloe group compared with control group. Administrations of 1.0% aloe resulted ina marked decreases in 15% and 20% of triglyceride and cholesterol levels, respectively, and also significantly decreased in 15% of LDL-cholesterol levels and atherogenic index in serum of SAMP8 compared with control group. Cholesterol accumulations were significantly inhibited in 20% and 10% of mitochondria and microsome fractions of SAMP8 brain, respectively, by administration of 1.0% Aloe. These results suggest that administration of Aloe mau not only effectively inhibit chronic degenerative diseases in serum of SAMP8, but may also improve learning and memory impairments of SAMP8 brain.

핑크-알로에의 항산화, NO 생성 억제 및 세포 재생 효과

이경주 ( Kyung Ju Lee ),장욱주 ( Wookju Jang ),김유아 ( You Ah Kim ),박병준 ( Byoung Jun Park ),강학희 ( Hakhee Kang ) 대한화장품학회 2020 대한화장품학회지 Vol.46 No.3

알로에 베라(Aloe barbadensis Miller)는 예로부터 화상이나 상처, 습진 등의 다양한 피부 질환을 개선하기 위해 사용해 왔다. 이러한 효능은 알로에가 가지고 있는 비타민, 무기질, 당, 페놀 물질, 지방산. 아미노산 등의 다양한 성분에 의한 것으로 보고가 되었다. 알로에는 극한의 환경에서 스스로를 보호하기 위해서 성분을 변화시키며, 이로 인해 색깔이 녹색에서 적색으로 변화한다. Aloe-emodin은 알로에속 식물의 대표적인 페놀성 물질로 항산화 및 항염 활성을 나타낸다. 그러나 지금까지 알로에의 활성 물질인 알로에-에모딘을 증가시키고 알로에의 색상을 변화시키는 공정 개발에 대한 연구는 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aloe-emodin 함량을 증가시키고 알로에의 항산화 및 항염 활성을 증대시키는 핑크 알로에 제조공정을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 알로에를 적정 조건으로 가온한 결과 핑크 알로에는 일반 알로에 대비 aloe-emodin 함량이 증가하였으며, 항산화 활성 증대, NO 생성 억제, 세포 재생 촉진 등의 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 화장품 분야에서 핑크 알로에의 신규 항노화 소재로 활용성을 확인하였다. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) has been used since ancient times to improve various skin diseases such as burns, wounds, and eczema. It has been reported that Aloe vera contains vitamin, enzyme, mineral, sugar, phenolic compound, fatty acid and amino acid. Aloe vera changes its color from green to red under the extreme thermal and arid climate to protect itself. These morphological changes induce variation of composition such as increasing of aloe-emodin content. Aloe-emodin is one of the major anthraquinone in aloe family plants. Since aloe-emodin contains a polyphenolic structure, this compound may be responsible for the reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aloe. However, there is no research on the process of increasing the compounds of Aloe vera. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a pink aloe manufacturing process that increases the aloe-emodin content and enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aloe. As a result of heating aloe under appropriate conditions, pink aloe increased aloe-emodin content compared to general aloe, and exhibited effects such as increasing antioxidant activity, inhibiting NO production, and promoting cell regeneration. Through this study, the applicability of pink aloe as a new anti-aging material in the cosmetic field was confirmed.

초임계 추출로부터 분리한 제주산 알로에 오일의 피부 주름개선 효과

김동명,박혜령,이형곤,권용성,최연매 한국피부과학연구원 2022 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.20 No.4

목적: 본 연구에서는 초임계 추출로부터 분리한 알로에 아보레센스 오일에 대한 세포독성 및 항산화 효과를 확인하고, 이를 첨가한 크림을 제조하여 피부주름 개선효과 평가 시험을 진행함으로써 알로에 오일의 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 활용자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 제주 알로에 아보레센스로부터 초임계 추출방법을 이용하여 알로에 오일을 추출하였고, 이들의 지방산 분석을 진행하였으며, 색도를 측정하였다. NIH-3T3, HaCaT, B16F10 세포에 대한 세포 생존율을 MTT assay로 측정하였으며, 항산화 효과를 확인하기 위해 DPPH radical scavenging activity를 확인하였다. 또한, 알로에 오일을 함유한 크림을 제조하여 만 40-60세 성인여성 22명을 대상으로 약 8주간 매일 1회 자가 사용하였고, 스킨 비지오미터와 실리콘 레플리카를 이용하여 피부 표면 주름 등을분석하였다. 결과: 초임계 추출법을 이용하여 알로에 아보레센스로부터 획득한 오일은 100 g당 조지방 0.03 g, 지방산 0.02 g으로이루어져 있었으며, behenic acid 17%, palmitic acid 17%, α-linolenic acid 16%, oleic acid 15%, linoleic acid 14%, elaidic acid 12% 로 구성되어 있었다. 알로에 오일의 색도를 측정한 결과 L값 12.7±2.2, a값 3.7±0.3, b값 10.6±0.5, ΔE 81.4으로 확인되었고, NIH-3T3, HaCaT, B16F10 세포에 대한 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과, 알로에 초임계 추출물과 알로에 오일 시료 모두 100 μg/mL 농도까지 세포독성이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. DPPH radical 소거능 결과에서는 알로에 초임계 추출물보다 알로에 오일이 더 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 만 40-60세 성인여성 22명을 대상으로 알로에 오일이 함유된 크림을 제조하여 피부주름 개선 효능 시험을시행한 결과, 4주 후부터 유의적으로 뛰어난 피부주름 개선 효과가 나타나는 것이 확인되어 알로에 오일이 함유된 크림이 피부 주름 개선에 효과적이라는 것을 최종 확인하였다. 결론: 초임계 추출을 이용한 알로에 오일은 항산화 효과뿐만 아니라 피부주름 개선효과에도 우수함을 확인하였으며, 시험기간 동안 특별한 이상반응을 유발하지 않았다는 것을 확인하여 안전하고 효과적인 피부 주름을 개선하기 위한 우수한 기능성 소재인 것으로 최종 판단하였다. Purpose: In this study, the cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects of Aloe arborescens oil isolated from supercritical fluid extraction were confirmed, and an aloe oil cream was manufactured to evaluate the skin wrinkle improvement effect. Thus, we provided scientific evidence for functional cosmetic ingredients. Methods: Aloe oil was extracted from Jeju Aloe arborescens using a supercritical fluid extraction method. Aloe oil chromaticity and fatty acid analysis were determined. MTT assay and DPPH radical scavenging activity were used to assess the cell viability and antioxidant effect of NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of an aloe-containing cream on skin wrinkle improvement on 22 adult women 40–60 years of age. Results: Aloe oil extracted from Aloe arborescens using supercritical fluid extraction contained 0.02 g of fatty acid per 100 g, which included behenic, palmitic, α-linolenic, oleic, linoleic, and elaidic acids. The L value was 12.46±2.15, the a value was 3.73±0.26, the b value was 10.35±0.51, and the ΔE was 81.4 as a result of chromaticity. The cell viability of NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells showed low cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Aloe oil outperformed aloe supercritical extract in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity. According to the results of a skin wrinkle improvement efficacy test, a cream containing aloe oil has a significantly high skin wrinkle improvement effect. Conclusion: We discovered that aloe oil isolated from supercritical fluid extraction has a strong antioxidant effect and significantly improves skin wrinkles.

치매동물모델 SAMP8에 있어서 기억. 학습장해에 미치는 알로에의 영향 III. SAMP8의 신경전달물질 및 그 대사산물에 미치는 알로에의 투여효과

최진호,김동우,김재일,한상섭,심창섭,Choi, Jin-Ho,Kim, Dong-Woo,Kim, Jae-il,Han, Sang-Seop,Shim, Chang-Sub 한국생명과학회 1996 생명과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Aloe(Aloe arborescens M$_{ILL}$) has been used as a home medicine for the past several thousand in the world, and has been studied on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, hypotension, atherosclerosis, myocardiac infartion, apoplexy, diabetes as a chronic digenerative disease, tumors, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas' diseases, and genitourinary tract etc. SAMP8 as a learing and memory impairment animal model were fed basic and/or experimental diets with 1.0% freezing dried(FD)-aloe for 8 months. The passive avoidance tests such as acqusition trial and retention test were significantly higher in aloe group than in control group. Grading score of senescence resulted in a marked decreases in aloe group compared with control group. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was remarkably increased in aloe group compared with control group. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA) and serotonin(5-HT) almost did not change by the feeding of aloe-added diet, but their metabolites such as homovanillic acid(HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid(5-HIAA) in aloe group were significantly increased compared with control group. Therefore, the ratios of HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT as a ratio of metabolite on neurotransmitter were significantly increased by the feeding of aloe-added diet. These results suggest that aloe vara may be activated acetylcholinesterase, the metabolite of neurotransmitter, and ratios of metabolite on neurotransmitter, resulting ina greater prevention of learning and memory impairments such as Alzheimertype dementia.

Aloe-Emodin Induces Chondrogenic Differentiation of ATDC5 Cells via MAP Kinases and BMP-2 Signaling Pathways

( Ming Yang ),( Liang Li ),( Seok Mo Heo ),( Yunjo Soh ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Endochondral bone formation is the process by which mesenchymal cells condense into chondrocytes, which are ultimately responsible for new bone formation. The processes of chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy are critical for bone formation and are therefore highly regulated. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of aloe-emodin on chondrogenic differentiation in clonal mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Aloe-emodin treatment stimulated the accumulation of cartilage nodules in a dose-dependent manner. ATDC5 cells were treated with aloe-emodin and stained with alcian blue. Compared with the control cells, the ATDC5 cells showed more intense alcian blue staining. This finding suggested that aloe-emodin induced the synthesis of matrix proteoglycans and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Aloe-emodin also enhanced the expressions of chondrogenic marker genes such as collagen II, collagen X, BSP and RunX2 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, examination of the MAPK signaling pathway showed that aloe-emodin increased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but had no effect on p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Aloe-emodin also enhanced the protein expression of BMP-2 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, these results showed that aloe-emodin exhibited chodromodulating effects via the BMP-2 or ERK signaling pathway. Aloe-emodin may have potential future applications for the treatment of growth disorders.

특허출원 및 등록 현황으로 본 주요 5개국의 알로에 활용 기술 분석활용 기술 분석

김범용 한국지식재산교육연구학회 2021 지식재산 교육과 연구 Vol.9 No.1

알로에는 아프리카가 원산지이며 열대성 작물에 속한다. 알로에를 활용한 화장품, 식품 등에는 베라(vera) 종과 아보레센스(arborescens) 종이 대부분 이용되고 있으나 이 종들과 함께 연구는 페록스(ferox) 종, 아프리카나(africana) 종, 페리(perryi) 종, 사포나리아(saponaria) 종 등 알로에 일부 종을 중심으로 연구가 집중되어져 왔으며, 알로에 종의 분류, 유연관계 및 종 다양성 등에 대한 기초적이며 학술적인 접근은 매우 미비한 실정이고, 산업적으로 주로 약용, 건강식품 및 화장품용으로 사용되고 있다. 중국과 일본 특허청의 데이터베이스를 검색하여 그 관련 통계를 조사하였고, 한국 ㈜윕스 Wintelips (www.wintelips.com)를 활용하여 미중일과 유럽 그리고 한국 등 5개국 전체를 대상으로 검색하였다. 발명의 명칭에 ’알로에’ 또는 ’aloe’ 라고 입력하여 그 결과를 분석 정리하였다. 특허출원 추세를 보면 2005년에 꺾였다가 점차 회복하였으나 2015년에 최고점을 찍고 나서 다시 감소하다가 최근 다시 또 부활하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 세계 전체 특허출원 물량 비중을 보면 중국 75%, 한국 10%, 미국 7%, 일본 6%, EP 3% 순으로 차지하였다. 여러 국가에 중복해서 출원하여 특허 패밀리(family)를 이루는 다국적 특허는 전체 세계 알로에 특허 물량 중에서 15%로서 380건이었다. 우리나라 업체들이 세계 전체에서 차지하는 비중을 보면 ㈜김정문알로에 2위, ㈜유니베라 7위, ㈜아모레퍼시픽 11위로, 모두 2000년 이전부터 계속해서 지속적으로 특허출원을 이어오고 있으나, 특정 기술에 편중되는 경향이 있어서 다각화가 필요해 보인다. Aloe is native to Africa and belongs to a tropical flora. So far research has focused on vera, arborescens, ferox, africana, perryi, saponaria, which are species of aloe. Detailed species’ classification, polymorphic DNA and species diversity have been disregarded as of research topics. Major utilization fields of aloe are curative medicines, health care foods and cosmetics. The related statistics were investigated for the Chinese and Japanese Patent Offices. Using Wintelips (www.wintelips.com) in Korea we searched all five countries including the US, China, Japan, Europe, and Korea. The results were analyzed and summarized by entering『알로에 or aloe』in the name of the invention. Looking at the trend of patent applications, it declined in 2005 and then gradually recovered, but after reaching the highest point in 2015, it declined again, and recently revived again. When looking at the proportion of global patent applications, China 75%, Korea 10%, US 7%, Japan 6%, and EP 3%. Multinational patents, which form a patent family by applying multiple applications in several countries, accounted for 15% of the total world aloe patent volume, accounting for 380. Looking at the share of Korean companies in the whole world, KIM JUNG MOON ALOE CO LTD is second, UNIVERA INC & etc is 7th, and AMOREPACIFIC CO LTD is 11th in the world. However, it seems that diversification is necessary because there is a tendency to be biased toward specific technologies.

알로에 베라 연구 현황 및 전망

한승섭,김인중,이성훈 제주대학교 아열대농업생명과학연구소 2023 아열대농업생명과학연구지 Vol.39 No.2

알로에 베라는 Liliaceae과에 속하는 열대 지방에서 서식하는 식물로 알로에 속에는 약 500종 이상의 종이 존재한다. 약 20개의 두꺼운 잎이 장미모양으로 배열되어 있으며, 길이 40~50cm, 너비는 6~7cm까지 발달된다. 또한, 알로에는 99%의 수분과 글루코만난, 아미노산, 지질, 스테롤 및 비타민 등이 함 유된 겔, 안트라퀴논과 다당체를 함유하고 있는 라텍스, 플라보노이드, 아미노산 및 비 타민 등을 다양하게 포함하고 있는 껍질로 구성되어 있으며, 지방산, 유기산, 플라보노 이드와 같은 성분뿐만 아니라, 안트라퀴논 류, 안트론류, 크로몬류, 피론류, 아미노산, 비타민 및 미네랄 등과 다양한 화합물이 존 재한다. 전통적으로 상처 치유 및 피부 개 선과 관련하여 다양한 효능이 있다고 알려 졌다. 알로에 베라 추출물은 피부 개선, 상 처 치유, 항궤양, 항염증, 항당뇨, 항산화 및 항암 등의 효능을 가지고 있어, 피부 관리 및 건강 관리에 관심을 가지는 소비자들 사 이에서 인기가 있으며, 다양한 제품 형태가 시장에 출시되고 있다. 특히, COVID-19 발 병 후 전 세계 인구의 건강의식이 높아지면 서 알로에 베라 추출물 시장의 규모는 2029 년 약 34억 8천만 달러에 이를 것으로 예상 된다. 알로에 베라의 다양한 생리활성 성분 들이 가지는 약리학적 효능에 대해서 계속 해서 발전하고 있으며, 상업적으로 다양하 게 활용되고 있다. 이후에도 시장이 더 커 질 것으로 예측되며 더 다양한 분야에서 활 용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) is a liliaceae family plant native to tropical regions. There are more than 500 species in the genus Aloe. Approximately 20 thick leaves are arranged in a rosette, reaching 40-50 cm in length and 6-7 cm in width. In addition, aloe is contained a gel containing 99% moisture, glucomannan, amino acids, lipids, sterols, and vitamins, latex containing anthraquinones and polysaccharides, and a peel containing a variety of flavonoids, amino acids, and vitamins. There are various other components such as fatty acids, organic acids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, pyrones, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aloe vera has been traditionally known to have various effects related to wound healing and skin improvement. Aloe vera extract has skin-improving, wound-healing, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-cancer effects, making it popular among consumers interested in skin care and health care, and is available in various product. In particular, as health awareness among the global population increases after the COVID-19, the size of Aloe vera extract market is expected to extend approximately $3.48 billion in 2029. The pharmacological efficacy of various bioactive components from Aloe vera continues to develop and is used commercially in various ways. The market is expected to grow further in the future, and it is expected that it can be used in more diverse fields.

The Influence of Long-term Aloe Supplement on Anti-oxidative Defenses and Cholesterol Content in Brain and Kidney of Aged Rats

Lim, Beong-Ou,Park, Pyo-Jam,Park, Dong-Ki,Choi, Wahn-Soo,Kim, Jong-Dai,Yu, Byung-Pal The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2007 韓國藥用作物學會誌 Vol.15 No.5

The present study was investigated the anti-oxidative effects of aloe vera ingestion on brain and kidney in aged rats by monitoring several oxidative-related parameters. Male specific pathogen-free Fischer 344 rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rat each: Group A was fed test chow without aloe supplementation; Group B was fed a diet containing a 1% freeze-dried aloe filet; Group C was fed a diet containing a 1% charcoal-processed, freeze-dried aloe filet; and Group D was fed a diet containing a charcoal-processed, freeze-dried, whole leaf aloe in drinking water. Analyses of tissues were done at 4 months and 16 months of age. Results showed that a long-term intake of aloe, regardless of the preparation used, enhanced antioxidant defenses against lipid peroxidation, as indicated by reduced phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide levels in both brain and kidney. The additional benefit of aloe intake on the anti-oxidative action was evidenced by enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in all aloe-ingested groups. Another beneficial effect of aloe shown in this study, although not an anti-oxidative parameter, was its cholesterol-lowering effect as detected in brain and kidney with significant decreases at age16 months of aloe-fed rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that a long-term dietary aloe supplementation modulated the anti-oxidative defense systems and cholesterol level.