언택트디자인 연구 경향 분석

이민아,홍동식 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2025 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.24 No.1

Background: In modern society, the preference for a one-person lifestyle, the need for speed and convenience, and the social demand for untact social distancing due to the pandemic have combined to focus more on untact. In particular, the design field has been researching various practical methods using design to provide solutions to respond to untact. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematize accumulated research and analyze trends through an analysis of previous studies on untact design, and to find implications for current untact design research. Methods: This study aimed to extract 122 studies on untact design in the design field from among academic journals listed by the National Research Foundation of Korea and analyze them. To this end, (1) the conceptualization of untact design and the typology of research were defined, and (2) based on this, the KCI system was used to extract target studies with keywords related to untact design. And (3) the research on untact design was analyzed in accordance with the analysis design criteria, and the research trends were analyzed based on time series characteristics, major research methods, subjects, and topics in each design field. Results: As a result of the analysis, (1) untact design research began with the meaning of ‘unmanned’ in academic journals registered in the design field, and was studied in small numbers centered on the field of visual information design. During the pandemic in 2020, the number increased rapidly and expanded into a complex approach through convergence research in various fields. (2) The main research method was found to be an empirical method that discovers design issues by analyzing user surveys in untact environments or new untact cases. And (3) not only in the field of visual information design centered on digital online, but also in the field of separated and complex offline environments, it was found that the category of untact is expanding from online to offline areas. Conclusions: This study has the significance of redefining the meaning of untact and systematizing integrated untact design research. Based on this, follow-up research will expand the scope of the research subject to other fields and overseas research and deepen it. It is hoped that this study will serve as a major resource for exploring new perspectives on untact design research to meet the needs of the present age and prepare for the future.

비대면예배의 교회사적 이해

김명한 한국복음주의실천신학회 2023 복음과 실천신학 Vol.66 No.-

The epidemic has made gatherings of people dangerous. Coronavirus outbreak in 2019 is an epidemic. As the coronavirus spread around the world, many people were infected. So the government banned people’s gatherings. A church is a place where people gather to worship. Church services are held at the church on Sunday. This was a Christian tradition. This tradition has continued since the birth of the church. However, the government restricted church services out of concern about the spread of the contagious disease. In the end, the church could not adhere to the tradition of worship that had been passed on for thousands of years. Untact-Worship has become an alternative in the face of the pandemic. Untact-Worship is worship without gathering. Church worship is transmitted online, and members participate in worship using media in their own space. It is Untact-Worship because they cannot meet each other. Untact-Worship has eliminated the risk of infection. However, the church has questions about whether Untact-Worship is true worship. Although the theological work on Untact-Worship was not completed, there was no choice but to give Untact-Worship. This paper examines Untact-Worship. Their faith, which adhered to traditional worship during the time of the Black Death in the 14th century, will help. Also, we will find out how the church members of this era perceive Untact-Worship. 전염병은 사람들의 모임을 위험하게 만들었다. 2019년 발생한 코로나바이러스는 전염병이다. 코로나바이러스가 세계로 퍼지면서 많은 사람들이 감염되었다. 그래서 정부는 사람들의 모임을 금지시켰다. 교회는 사람들이 모여 예배를 드리는 장소이다. 교회의 예배는 일요일에 교회에 모여 드려진다. 이것이 기독교의 전통이었다. 이 전통은교회가 생겨난 이래 지금까지 이어져 왔다. 그러나 정부는 전염병의 확산을 우려해서 교회의 예배를 제한했다. 결국 교회는 수천년동안 이어져 온 예배의 전통을 고수할 수 없게 되었다. 전염병의 상황에서 대안으로 자리잡은 것이 비대면예배이다. 비대면예배는 모이지 않고 드리는 예배다. 교회의 예배를 온라인으로송출하고, 성도는 자신들의 공간에서 매체를 이용해서 예배에 참여하는것이다. 서로 만나지 못한다고 해서 비대면예배인 것이다. 비대면예배는 감염의 위험을 감소시켰다고 할 수 있겠지만, 교회는 비대면예배가진정한 예배인가에 대한 의문을 갖고 있다. 비대면예배에 대한 신학적작업이완성되지않은상태였지만, 비대면예배를드릴수밖에없었다. 본 논문은 비대면예배에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 14세기의 흑사병시대에 전통적인 예배를 고수했던 그들의 신앙이 도움이 될 것이다. 또한 지금 이 시대를 살아가는 교인들이 가지고 있는 비대면예배에 대한 인식에 대해서도 알아볼 것이다.

언택트 대응 서비스스케이프 공간시나리오의 사인시스템 사례연구

이민아,백진경 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.1

(Background and Purpose) Till date, research on emergency design has focused on presenting countermeasures for evacuation. However, it is necessary to study practical solutions such as spatial scenarios (SS) for the untact-response of servicescapes to cope with emergencies faced due to COVID-19. This study recognized design issues through servicescape case analysis, focusing on signage for untact-responses to establish a service environment in which daily life can be maintained and services can be continuously provided, even in an emergency. (Method) Based on previous studies and the current status of SS in dealing with COVID-19, an analysis tool was presented by theoretically reviewing the SS of servicescapes and signage as physical evidence. An IKEA store was selected as an example of realizing an SS by controlling circulation suitable for untact situations, and the SS for untact-response implemented with signage was analyzed sequentially through space experience. The analysis included the following steps: (1) classification of the sign systems, (2) SS for untact-response by type, and (3) evaluation of spatial service design factors for unexpected situations. (Results) Subsequent to the analysis, the signage was categorized into seven types. In terms of functional composition they were divided into simple composition and complex type, and in terms of design composition, they were divided to express identity-based visual perceptual continuation through color, visualization characteristics for spatial relationships, and visual accessibility according to arrangement and expression method. The signage enabled users to intuitively perceive space through the understanding of circulation by completely dividing the role of providing space experience by sign color, with increased efficiency through selective individual circulation within a single circulation category with shortcut sign sets, and with a regular arrangement of sign sets to inform a new space. It also confirmed that signage is safe, convenient, sustainable, and flexible in dealing with various situations by the repeated arrangement of signs composed of simple images such as logo light. (Conclusions) Among the service systems implemented to meet the needs of modern societies, there were cases of SS that could respond to unpredictable situations because they could be variably applied in emergency situations occurring in daily life. Continuous research from various viewpoints is necessary in these cases. The signage that considers convenience, efficiency, sustainability, and flexibility based on safety realizes an SS for untact-response in a physical space. If its design composition and expression method is realized as a main measure suitable for unpredictable situations, it is expected that it will be possible to construct a servicescape that can flexibly respond to any situation to maintain safety for both service providers and consumers.

코로나19에 따른 비대면 온라인 성인태권도 교육의 필요성 및 발전방안

이경환(Lee, Gyeong-Hwan),김하영(Kim, Ha-Young) 한국무예학회 2021 무예연구 Vol.15 No.4

이 연구는 코로나19 확산으로 인한 비대면 온라인 성인태권도 맞춤형 교육과 수련자들이 선호하는 다양성을 개선하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 대한 연구방법은 질적 연구의 표집방법인 ‘유목적 표집법’을 사용하였고, 결과를 도출하기 위하여 ‘귀납적 범주분석법’을 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 비대면 온라인 성인태권도 교육의 필요성은 사회 전반적으로 비대면 문화가 태권도 교육까지 확산되면서 언택트 시대에 익숙해진 환경에 적응하기 위해 비대면 태권도 교육은 당연히 개발되어야 한다. 둘째, 비대면 온라인 성인태권도 교육의 문제점은 ‘환경’, ‘교육방안’, ‘흥미유발’, ‘상호간의 소통문제’가 주로 나타났다. 대면 교육과는 다르게 실시간으로 수련자의 정확한 자세교정이 어렵고, 서로의 표정을 볼 수 없어 실시간 이해도가 떨어진다. 그리고 태권도라는 무예의 특성상 일부 기술은 장소의 제한이 있어 일부 수련자에게는 문제로 나타났다. 셋째, 비대면 온라인 성인태권도 교육의 발전방안은 ‘학습관리시스템(LMS)’을 이용해 1:N 수업이 보편화 되도록 지도자는 도장프로그램을 재구성하여 수련생들에게 집중력을 높일 수 있는 콘텐츠와 온라인으로 쉽게 참여 가능한 수업환경을 만들 필요가 있다. 따라서 포스트 코로나 시대에는 태권도 관련기관에서 비대면 온라인 태권도 교육 프로그램과 다양한 콘텐츠 및 플랫폼 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this research was to improve untact-online customized Taekwondo class for adults and increase diversity preferred by trainees as COVID-19 has spread out. As to research methods, ‘The Purposeful Sampling’ for qualitative study was adopted. To come up with research findings as shown below, ‘Inductive Categorical Analysis’ was used. First, When it comes to necessity of untact-online adult Taekwondo class, the untact Taekwondo class must be developed to adjust to untact-friendly environment as the untact culture has expanded across society, even Taekwondo education as well. Second, Untact online adult Taekwondo class has problems including environment, education plan, arousing interest, and mutual communications. Unlike face-to-face education, it’s hard to correct posture of trainees accurately in real time. Also, it’s impossible to see each other’s face, which results in lower understanding in real time. Third, The trainers are required to re-organize Taekwondo studio program using Learning Management System(LMS) to generalize 1:N classes, and also create contents to keep trainees focused on the class and class environment where the trainees easily participate in online in order to develop the untact-online adult Taekwondo class.

Untact 시대의 변화되는 트렌드를 위한 리조트 공간구성에 관한 연구

박상진 ( Park¸ Sangjin ),이남규 ( Lee¸ Namgyu ),김용성 ( Kim¸ Yongseong ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(Background and Purpose) Our society’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to various social, urban, and architectural changes, initiating the beginning of a “new normal.” This study established a research framework to assess the types of spatial composition of resort hotels. To this end, the study investigated the new spatial components of the architecture of interest for the public in the “untact” era and new types of factors that can promote psychological comfort in using spaces. Based on the research framework, this study analyzes the spatial composition of resort hotels and proposes their future directions. (Method) First, previous studies were analyzed to identify the types of spatial composition of resort hotels. Considering various factors, such as building size, building arrangements, and facilities arrangements, the types were classified into high-rise integrated design, low-rise integrated design, composite design, low-rise combination design, and independent single house design. By considering the new architectural components of interest at present, the study also derived the following five items for assessing the spatial composition of resort hotels: 1) physical and psychological accessibility; 2) openness of the space; 3) infection prevention and control; 4) safety of the building in case of emergencies; and 5) convenience of users. (Results) After identifying the order of priority of the factors that can meet the new needs of resort hotel users in the “untact” era, independent single house design was found to be the most appropriate, followed by low-rise combination design, composite design, and integrated design, in that order. Based on these results, this study proposes a guideline for the spatial composition of resort hotels, focusing on independent single house design, which was highly evaluated in terms of openness, psychological accessibility, and infection prevention and control. Furthermore, spaces such as the lobby, and auxiliary facilities with high contact density of users outside the resort's rooms are also presented. (Conclusions) The new architectural components of interest for the public in the “untact” era greatly affected the users’ needs, resulting in some restrictions. Focusing on resort hotels, this study analyzed different spatial composition to suggest directions for future resort hotel construction designs. It is hoped that the guideline for the spatial composition of resort hotels proposed in this study, which considers the new consumer demands in the post-COVID era, can be used as basic data for the spatial composition of resort hotels to be constructed in the future.

비대면 교양 수업 방법에 관한 소고

김영재 ( Kim Young Jae ) 단국대학교 정책과학연구소 2021 정책과학연구 Vol.28 No.0

이 논문은 비대면 교양 수업 방법에 관해 다루는데 목적이 있다. 비대면은 실제 강의실 같은 동일 공간에서 만남이 없다는 뜻이며 교양 수업은 전공 수업이 아닌 일반적인 대학 교양 수업을 말한다. 교양 수업은 다수 전공 수강생이 하나의 수업을 듣는 경우가 많으며 당위적·윤리적 기본 소양을 전달하는데 목적이 있다. 정보통신기술이 어느 정도 확보되어야 한다는 전제 아래, 교수의 온라인 수업 구조나 방법에 대한 고민과 실질적 개선 노력 필요, 토론 교육 활성화 가능성을 언급한 선행연구를 살펴보았다. 비대면 교양 수업의 방법으로 교수가 사용하는 비대면 온라인 교육 방법은 동영상 중심인 유튜브(Youtube)와 줌(Zoom), 공동 작업과 수강생 관리 중심인 MS Teams와 구글 클래스룸(Google Classroom), 문서 중심으로 설명하는 파워포인트(Powerpoint) 음성 녹음(Everlec)의 다섯 가지다. 어떤 방법이라도 장단점이 있으며 교수의 사용 방법에 따라 수업 운영의 차이가 커질 수 있다. 교수 입장에서 적합한 수업 방법을 찾고 시행착오와 연습이 필요하다는 점을 밝혔다. 포스트 코로나 이후 비대면의 일상화로 비인간화, 고립화, 단절화 등의 현상이 가속화될 수 있다. 특히, 교양 수업에서 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 인문학, 필수 교양으로 지정된 종교 교육 등 역할을 더 강조할 필요가 있다. 교양 수업에서 공통적으로 중요한 사항은 내용 전달력이며 정보통신기술의 발달로 다양한 자료를 공유할 수 있고 교수의 노력에 따라 다양한 강의를 할 수 있다는 점에서 비대면 교양 수업이 단점만 있는 것은 아니다. 앞으로 비대면 수업 방법에 대한 교수의 노력을 공식적, 공개적으로 공유하고 학생의견을 수렴해 서로가 만족할 만한 접점을 찾아야 할 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to deal with untact liberal arts teaching methods. Untact(un contact, Non-face-to-face) means that there is no meeting in the same space as the actual classroom. Liberal arts classes are often taken by many majors in one class, and are aimed at delivering basic and ethical basics. Under the premise that information and communication technologies should be secured to a certain extent. We reviewed the previous studies that mentioned the professor's concerns about the structure and method of online classes, the need for practical improvement, and the possibility of facilitating discussion education. As an untact liberal arts class, online teaching method used by professors is YouTube and Zoom, which are video-oriented, MS Teams and Google Classroom, which are focused on collaboration and student management, and document-oriented. There are five types of PowerPoint voice recording(Everlec). There are pros and cons to any method, and the difference in the operation of the class may increase depending on how the professor uses it. They said that needs to find a suitable teaching method from a professor's point of view, and that trial and error and practice are necessary. After the post-corona, the non-humanization, isolation, and disconnection of phenomena can be accelerated by the normalization of untact. In particular, it is necessary to emphasize the role of humanities and religious education designated as essential liberal arts, which take up a large proportion in liberal arts classes. The important thing in common in the liberal arts class is content delivery, and the development of information and communication technology allows the sharing of various materials and lectures according to the efforts of professors. In the future, it will be necessary to share the professor's efforts on untact teaching methods formally and publicly and collect student opinions to find a point of contact with each other.

언택트(Untact) 시대 VR을 활용한 디자인매니지먼트 필요성 분석

한동균 한국문화융합학회 2020 문화와 융합 Vol.42 No.10

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic as the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, spread worldwide. When the pandemic was officially acknowledged, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases hit an all-time high, the reaction of people worldwide amplified the anxiety and fear induced by the virus infection. Prolongation of the situation brought a change in the form of a non-contact, non-face-to-face lifestyle and consumption patterns across various spheres, including politics, education, and business. This change is not only for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it will induce many companies to operate in an untact manner well into the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the design field must also create value by predicting design trends based on the trend of the times. Consequently, in this study, we attempt to determine the possible outcomes of design management using virtual reality (VR) as a new value creation tool in line with the untact era. First, design management strategy using VR will transcend time and space due to the VR features of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, with a real-life-like effect that will expand the breadth of design management. Second, design management content delivered via VR in the untact era will be evaluated on the parameters of realism and utility. Third, design management using VR will maximize corporate management capabilities and create high-quality designs.

포스트 코로나시대 비대면 수업을 위한 교육공학의 역할과 과제

조은순 ( Eunsoon Cho ) 한국교육공학회 2020 교육공학연구 Vol.36 No.S

지난 20여 년 동안 교육정보화 정책을 통해 학교환경의 디지털화, 교사와 학생의 디지털 리터러시 향상, 학교 급별 다양한 콘텐츠 개발, 사교육감소를 위한 학습자 튜터링 지원 등 많은 정책적 지원과 노력이 있어 왔다. 현재 상황에서 ‘비대면 수업’을 지속, 확산하는데 필요한 디지털 리터러시 역량은 기존의 개념으로서는 교수자와 학습자 모두에게 부족하다는 지적이 많다. 관련 자료와 분석에서도 코로나 이후 비대면 수업으로 인한 학습결손 및 학력격차, 계층격차 확대에 대한 우려가 현실로 나타나고 있으며, 공간과 기계설비중심의 교육환경 인프라 개선에 앞서 현재 교실 집합위주 교육과정의 근본적인 수업설계에 대한 개선 전략과 수업과정의 획기적인 변화가 필요한 시점이다. 본고에서는 ‘비대면 수업’에서 중요한 교수와 학습과정의 핵심요소들을 재점검해보고, 앞으로 대면 수업과 비대면 수업의 하이브리드형 교육환경 속에서 (학교)교육기관의 기능, 교수자 및 학습자의 역할, 교수 학습과정에서 테크놀로지의 활용과 협력적 동반성장 전략을 위한 미래 지향적인 교육공학의 역할과 과제를 분석해보고자 한다. 향후 전 세계 교육기관들이 학습자의 안전과 질 높은 교육과정을 제공하기 위해서는 이전의 집합식 대면 교수 학습과정과는 차원이 다른 전략과 협력이 필요할 것이며, 이와 관련된 교육정책도 훨씬 통합적으로 수립되어야 할 것이다. 유아부터 고등교육에 이르기까지 정규학교 교육과정에 비대면 수업 비중이 획기적으로 증가할 것으로 보이는 가운데, 교육공학이 주변 학문 및 관련 테크놀로지와 융합적 협력 과제를 어떻게 접근해야 할지 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 교육공학분야 전문가들의 사고력 융합을 통해 발전적인 미래교육체제 구축에 교육공학 분야가 무엇을 기여 할지 논의해보고자 한다. Throughout the past 20 years, the implementation of informatization policies in education has improved the digitalization of school environment, digital literacy of students & teachers, development of diverse contents in each educational stages, student tutoring investment(to decrease private education) and so on. However, even with all these policy supports and efforts, there are many people who say the digital educational infrastructure is still lacking and incapable of fully supporting the teachers and students in online classes during the pandemic. Various survey analysis has shown concerns of learning deficits and gaps in educational background caused by post covid-19 untact. Prior to the improvement of hardware-based education infrastructure, there is a strong need for a fundamental quality improvement of educational progress and a revolutionary change in curriculums. Under these circumstances, this paper examines the key elements of teaching and learning process in ‘untact’. In addition, throughout the forthcoming hybrid type education of mixed online and offline classes, the paper analyzes the functions of educational institutions(school), the role of teacher and student, applications of technology in the perspective of educational environment, synergistic strategies and future-oriented tasks of educational technology. In order to provide safe and high-quality education in the future, educational institutions around the world will have to go through unprecedented types of collaborations and strategy forming. Finally, this paper suggests the challenges given to the education technology which are the requirement of changes in teaching and learning environment, related digital technologies, cooperation with various academic fields will eventually lead to an establishment of qualitatively improved educational environment and contribute to future education system.

포스트 COVID-19 시대의 선교전략 - 한국 재림교회를 중심으로-

한송식(Han, Song Sik) 삼육대학교 신학연구소 2020 신학과 학문 Vol.29 No.-

본 연구는 ‘디지털 트랜스포메이션’(Digital Transformation)과 ‘언택트’(Untact)가 가속화 되고 일상화 되는 포스트 COVID-19 시대의 선교전략과 방향에 대해 초점을 맞춰 진행되었다. 상황화(contextualization)는 선교전략의 핵심 요소이 다. 따라서 새로운 기술이 개발되고 새로운 시대가 열리면 교회는 그 상황에 적합한 선교 방식을 찾아야 한다. 새로운 기술의 발전 역시 하나님의 계획과 섭리에 따라 이루어지기 때문이다. 인공지능(AI), 사물 인터넷(IoT), 빅데이터(Big Data) 등의 기술로 특징지어지는 4차 산업혁명은 COVID-19로 인해 급격해지고 실체화되었다. 영원한 복음은 각 시대와 상황에 따라 적절한 매체를 사용해 왔다. 따라서 이 시대의 대부분의 사람들이 4차 산업혁명의 새로운 기술과 매체들을 즐겨 사용 하기 때문에 COVID-19로 인해 가속회 되고 일상화된 디지털 트랜스 포메이션과 언택트 상황에서 복음을 전하기 위하여 인터넷, SNS, 유투브, 줌(Zoom) 등 새로운 기술과 매체들을 적극적으로 사용해야 한다. 결론적으로, 포스트 COVID-19시대의 선교는 전도 대상자에 대한 깊은 애정과 이해, 4차 산업혁명이 만들어 내는 신기술의 적극적 활용, 교회 차원의 플랫폼 구축, 성도 개개인의 디지털 역량 강화가 한데 어우러질 때 효과적으로 이루어 질 것이다. This study focused on the era of post COVID-19 and the mission strategy and plan for post COVID-19 era that characterized by digital transformation and untact. Contextualization is a key element of mission strategy and includes the development of new technologies must also be carried out in accordance with God’s plans and providence. So when a new era opens, the church must find a mission strategy and plan that fits the situation. The 4th Industrial Revolution that rapidly approached by COVID-19, dominant in the development of AI, IoT, Big Data, is the crystal of technological development and is proceeding at an amazing pace. Everlasting gospel has used the right media for each age and situation. Today, most people enjoy new technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution. So, it is absolutely necessary to use new technology - Internet, SNS, Youtube, Zoom, etc - for share the gospel in connection with ‘Digital Transformation’ and ‘Untact’ situation by COVID-19. As a conclusion, the mission of the post COVID-19 era will be effective when combined a deep compassion and understanding of the people to be evangelized, practical use of the new trend by the 4th Industrial Revolution, the digital platform establishment of church, and the strengthening of individual digital capabilities.

전문대학에서 지적장애학생과 그 학부모의 대학생활과 수업경험 분석: 초점집단면담을 중심으로

김영석 ( Kim¸ Young-seok ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2021 지적장애연구 Vol.23 No.3

This study was to examine the experiences of students with intellectual disabilities and their parents at the college established to provide inclusion and higher vocational education to the disabled by conducting a focus group interview. The results were as follows: First, the themes of “reasons for college admission and “college life were derived from the college category. The sub-themes of “reasons for college admission” were “employment”, “hope of students with intellectual disabilities”, “new experiences at the college”, and “observational learning through inclusion. And the sub-themes of “college life” were “difficulty and enthusiastic participation at learning”, “change to active college students”, “another pleasure, friends”, “the kind professors”, and “hidden helpers, parents”. Second, the themes of “untact-lectures” and “difficulties and needs in lectures” were derived from the lecture category. The sub-themes of “untact-lectures” were “satisfaction with untact-lectures and the reasons” and “another parents' hope, tact-lectures”. The sub-themes of “difficulties and needs in the lectures” were “the needs of learning coaching about academic schedules and learning, “the needs of additional academic systems for getting credit, and “behavior support for challenging behaviors in the lectures. Therefore, the students with intellectual disabilities and their parents choose the college for reasons such as employment, but students with intellectual disabilities had difficulty managing the academic schedule and taking credits. So it is necessary to consider additional support such as learning coaching, academic systems for getting credit, and additional human resources.