한반도에서 태풍에 의한 피해액과 피해지역의 변화

김선영,조창현,이승호 건국대학교 기후연구소 2015 기후연구 Vol.10 No.2

This study aims to show that the change of damages and damage areas caused by typhoon has an impact on South Korea using the typhoon track data and the data of damages caused by typhoon. This study analyzed the frequency of typhoon, damages and the distribution of damage by cities. The damages caused by typhoon sharply increased and typhoon scale is intensified after 1990s. The frequency of typhoon which has an impact on South Korea is concentrated in August and September. The frequency of typhoon is stable in August but increases in September. The typhoon which passed by the South sea and the Yellow sea damaged South Korea, and the frequency of typhoon which hits the south coastal increased. During the latter half of the period than the first half of the period in August and September, the damage area expands and damage scale grows ‘W’. The damage area of typhoon which hits the South coastal expands during the latter half of the period than the first half of the period. The damage area of typhoon which passed by the Yellow sea moved to the West coastal. The damage area of typhoon which passed by the East sea decreased.

태풍 특성치와 진로를 고려한 태풍피해예측함수 및 태풍등급체계 개발

김태균(Taegyun Kim) 한국방재학회 2022 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

본 연구에서는 태풍이 한반도에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있는 태풍노출지수(TEI)를 개발하고, TEI와 강우자료를 이용하여태풍피해를 예측할 수 있는 함수를 개발하였고, 태풍피해를 고려한 태풍등급체계를 제시하였다. TEI는 태풍중심에서 지자체까지의 거리에 반비례하고, 중심부 최대풍속에 비례하는 변수로, 태풍영향 범위에 어느 정도 노출되었는 지를 나타내는 척도이다. 강우자료는 지속기간별 최대강우량간의 다중공선성문제를 해결할 수 있는 주성분분석에 의한 변수를 도입하였다. 태풍피해예측함수는 비교적 높은 예측력을 나타내었고, 동해관통형 및 남해상륙형 태풍에 대한 예측력은 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 현재 운영중에 있는 태풍등급은 진로에 따른 한반도의 재해위험정도를 나타낼 수 없으므로, 태풍피해를 고려한 태풍등급체계를TEI와 강우량자료를 이용하여 개발하였다. In this study, a typhoon exposure index (TEI) was developed that can identify the effects of typhoons on the Korean Peninsula, allowing the development of a typhoon damage prediction function using TEI and rainfall data, based on which a new typhoon rating system is proposed that takes likely damage into consideration. TEI takes a value inversely proportional to the distance from the center of a typhoon to a district and proportional to the maximum wind speed in the center of a typhoon. In the rainfall data, a variable identified using principal component analysis was introduced to resolve the issue of multicollinearity between the maximum rainfall and duration. The typhoon damage prediction function for all typhoons showed good predictive precision, and the predictive precision for typhoons passing through the East Sea and making landfall in the South Sea was higher than for all typhoons. Since the KMA typhoon rating system cannot represent the degree of disaster risk on the Korean Peninsula by track, a new typhoon rating system considering with damage was developed using TEI and rainfall data.

Sensitivity of Mid-latitude Typhoon Forecast to Multiple Physics Parameterization Dchemes

Jinyoung Park,Dong-Hyun Cha,Jihong Moon,Woojin Cho 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Recently, the frequency of typhoons affecting East Asia has been increasing due to climate change. In particular, some typhoons maintain their intensity before making landfall. However, even short-term typhoon predictions still have tens of kilometers of track errors or can not sufficiently simulate the rapid intensification (weakening) of typhoons. This can be a serious problem for people living in coastal areas when typhoons are active. In order to prevent the damage from typhoons in advance, it is necessary to improve the short-term forecast performance of typhoons. In numerical weather prediction models, the typhoon track and intensity forecast performances are highly sensitive to physics parameterization schemes. Thus, in this study, the forecast performance of a typhoon was compared according to the physics schemes using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The model is consisted of three domains with 12km (601x451), 4km (301x301), and 1.33km (301x301) horizontal resolutions (grid points), respectively. We used the two-way moving nesting technique for domains 2 and 3 to resolve the inner core structure of the typhoon realistically. To compare the sensitivity of physics settings to typhoon forecasting and their dissimilar reaction to the synoptic-scale weather phenomena, we selected three cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS) of Kain-Fritsch (KF), Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ), modified Tiedtke (TDK), and also three microphysics schemes (MPS) of WRF-single-moment-microphysics class 3 (WSM3), WRF-single-moment-microphysics class 6 (WSM6), Predicted Particle Properties (P3) 1-category. We selected 6 TCs that moved northward to mid-latitudes, and directly (or indirectly) affected the East Asia region in recent years. The results show that there was a significant difference in simulated typhoon track and intensity performances depending on the physics schemes. On average, the typhoon forecast performances were improved when applyingKF for CPS and WSM3 or WSM6 for MPS.

태풍의 대표 경로 추출 및 통과 예상지역 추정

박우정,최진무,홍성연 국토지리학회 2016 국토지리학회지 Vol.50 No.3

The main purpose of this study was to extract representative path of typhoon and to estimate typhoon path. Typhoon data of Korea and Japan, and that of USA from 1951 to 2014 were used for estimation. The data were classified by path area and intensity of typhoon. Representative paths were extracted using classified typhoon data. Representative paths of Korea and Japan data and USA data could be distinctive on 34 hours and 42 hours before landing, respectively. Probability zones of typhoon’s representative paths were identified using Jack-Knife resampling method and estimated area of typhoon path. As a result, it was estimated that the typhoon having Chinese and West Sea’s representative path would pass through North-Central region in Korea and the typhoon having South sea’s representative path would pass wide areas covering Junnam, Kyungnam and Kyungbuk. The result of this study can be used not only as a parameter of typhoon path estimation model but for the reference of typhoon damage estimation and prevention. 본 연구는 태풍의 대표 경로를 추출하고 확률 범위를 통해 태풍 통과 예상지역을 추정하고자 하였다. 분석 자료는 1951년부터 2014년까지의 한국과 일본, 미국의 태풍 자료를 이용하였다. 태풍 경로를 세분화하기 위해 태풍의 대표 경로를 추출하기에 앞서 해역별로 5개의 이동경로와 5등급 강도로 분류하였다. 세분화된 태풍 자료를 활용하여 각 경로 지역별 태풍의 대표 경로를 추출하였다. 한국 및 일본 자료와 미국 자료의 이동경로 및 강도별 대표 경로는 각각 상륙 34시간, 42시간 전에 다른 경로들과 서로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 또한 잭나이프 방법을 응용하여 태풍 대표 경로의 확률 범위와 태풍 통과 예상지역을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 중국 및 황해를 통과하는 태풍 대표경로의 경우 우리나라 중북부 지역을 통과하며, 남해를 통과하는 태풍 대표 경로의 경우 우리나라 전라남도와 경상남도, 경상북도의 넓은 범위를 통과할 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 태풍의 이동경로 예측 모델에 인자로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 태풍 피해 추정 및 방재를 위한 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

태풍 통과에 따른 한국 연근해 수온 변동

서영상,김동순,김복기,이동인,김영섭,김일곤 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

While typhoons were passing by the coastal and offshore waters around the Korean peninsula, the variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) were studied. To study on the variation, the data related to the 22 typhoons among 346 typhoons which occurred in the western Pacific during 1990∼1999, daily measured field SSTs at coastal and offshore, and imageries from advanced very high resolution radiometer on NOAA satellite during 1990∼1999 were used. The average variations of the SSTs were -0.9℃ at coastal waters and -2℃ at offshore around the Korean peninsula while the typhoons were passing by. In very near coastal waters from the land, the SST was not changed because the bottom depth of the coastal waters was shallower than the depth of thermalcline, while the typhoon was passing. The temporal and spatial variation of SSTs at coastal waters in summer were depended on the various types of the typhoons' paths which were passing through the Korean peninsula. When a typhoon passed by the western parts including the Yellow Sea of the Korean peninsula, upwelling cold water occurred along the eastern coastal waters of the peninsula. The reason was estimated with the typhoon that was as very strong wind which blew from south toward north direction along the eastern shore of the peninsula, led to the Ekman transport from near the eastern coastal area toward the offshore. While cold water was occurring in the eastern coast, a typhoon passed over the coastal area, the cold water disappeared. The reason was estimated that the cold water was mixed up with the surrounding warm water by the effect of the typhoon. While a cold water was occurring in the eastern coast, a typhoon passed by the offshore of the eastern coast, there were the increasing of the SST as well as the disappearing of the cold water. While a typhoon was passing by the offshore of the eastern coast, the cold water which resulted from the strong tidal current in the western coast of the peninsula was horizontally spread from the onshore to the offshore. We think that the typhoon played the role of the very strong wind which was blowing from north toward south. Therefore, the Ekman transport occurred from the onshore toward the offshore of the western coast in the Korean peninsula.

태풍 위험반원 해역에서의 해양기상변화 조사

김찬주(Chanju KIM),서정원(Jungwon SEO),이창현(ChangHyen LEE),신형호(HyeongHo SHIN),김대진(Daejin KIM) 전남대학교 어업기술연구소 2016 어업기술연구소보고지 Vol.9 No.1

The typhoon is one of the disaster which the man will overcomes. Till now many scientist have studied on the typhoon for a long time but it remains for a man that it will study in future. So we have interested in the typhoon and have studied on climate change by approaching of the typhoon at the shelter area of ship. The surveys are carried out during 2 days from 9th. July. to 10th. July. in 2014 by the training ship “Dong Beak” of Chonnam National University. The model of the survey was the Typhoon “NEOGURI” born at the 4th. July in 2014. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; The journey period of Typhoon Neoguri from the birth point of the typhoon to the sea area of Korea was about 6 days, and the approach velocity of the typhoon was rapidly increasing after passing through 25 degrees of the latitude. Meanwhile, considering most typhoons formed from the ocean at lower latitude take more than 7 days to reach Korea, the period of the Typhoon Neoguri was shorter than the average approaching period. Thus, it is considered that making preparation of vessels and ships for typhoon is needed from the point of over 25 degrees of the latitude. When it comes to the change of barometric pressure by a barometer had been taking place gradually till the day before the typhoon approached. The change of barometric pressure, however, was varied very sharply from the time of 12 hours before the typhoon approached to the time of 3 hours after the typhoon. The change of wind velocity by an anemometer was varied very widely for 3 hours after passing through the closest point where the typhoon was headed, but was rapidly in a state of tranquility after the 3-hour. The maximum instantaneous wind velocity was 33 knots, being the closest to the typhoon’s path, 1010hours 9th,Jul. The change of wind direction by a wind direction indicator had been shown before 9 hours when the radical change accelerated, and the trend of wind direction was general clockwise that the beginning was the east wind and it was changed as the south wind. Also, when approaching typhoon nearly, and reaching the highest point of wind velocity, the prevailing wind was the north wind. In a nut shell, regarding the change of barometer pressure, the wind velocity and the wind direction was widely varied on the basis of the approaching point of the typhoon. Therefore, the vessels or ships which are heading for sea need to figure out how to handle the situation related with typhoon by using the result of this paper. In other words, as it has been shown from the Typhoon Neoguri, we should find the sea area reducing the south wind while the dangerous semicircle and the south wind of typhoon can deal a fatal outcome to vessels and ships, and should decide the best area as a shelter of ship at typhoon area, which can protect the wind and wave by obtaining confidential information.

한반도에서 태풍에 의한 피해액과 피해지역의 변화

김선영,조창현,이승호 건국대학교 기후연구소 2015 기후연구 Vol.10 No.2

This study aims to show that the change of damages and damage areas caused by typhoon has an impact on South Korea using the typhoon track data and the data of damages caused by typhoon. This study analyzed the frequency of typhoon, damages and the distribution of damage by cities. The damages caused by typhoon sharply increased and typhoon scale is intensified after 1990s. The frequency of typhoon which has an impact on South Korea is concentrated in August and September. The frequency of typhoon is stable in August but increases in September. The typhoon which passed by the South sea and the Yellow sea damaged South Korea, and the frequency of typhoon which hits the south coastal increased. During the latter half of the period than the first half of the period in August and September, the damage area expands and damage scale grows ‘W’. The damage area of typhoon which hits the South coastal expands during the latter half of the period than the first half of the period. The damage area of typhoon which passed by the Yellow sea moved to the West coastal. The damage area of typhoon which passed by the East sea decreased.

경년별 한반도 영향 태풍 활동 및 태풍 동반 강우 특성 변화 분석

강현웅,손찬영,박진혁,장수형,김정민 한국방재학회 2018 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.18 No.7

This study classified the typhoons that hit the Korean Peninsula in the past depending on the period and wind velocity, and analyzed the features of typhoon activities (maximum wind speed, minimum central pressure, occurrence frequency, genesis position, recurving position, and passage frequency) and variability and tendency of rainfall arising from the typhoon. The results of the analysis showed that compared with the typhoons that formed during Period 1 (1977-1994), the typhoons that formed during Period 2 (1995-2012) had stronger maximum wind velocities and lower minimum central pressures. It was revealed that on average, the relatively strong typhoons (wind speed of more than 95 kt) formed further west in Period 2 compared with those in Period 1, and the recurving positions of the typhoons were further north in Period 2 compared with those in Period 1; accordingly, the more recent relatively strong typhoons more directly affected the Korean Peninsula. The results of the analysis showed that hourly maximum rainfall and total rainfall arising from the typhoon were more widespread over the Korean Peninsula in Period 2 than in Period 1; in particular, the gap was wider in the southern region than in any other regions. The findings are expected to be used later as the basic data in drawing up a plan to positively utilize typhoons, such as by securing water resources and minimizing the damage from typhoons. 본 연구에서는 한반도 영향 태풍을 기간별, 풍속별로 구분하여 태풍 활동 특성(최대풍속, 최소중심기압, 발생빈도, 발생지점, 전향점, 이동경로)과 태풍 동반 강우의 변동성 및 경향성 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, Period 2 (1995-2012년)에서 Period 1 (1977-1994년)에 비해 최대풍속은 크게 나타났으며, 최소중심기압은 낮게 나타났다. 비교적 강도가 강한 태풍(풍속 95 kt이상)의 평균 발생지점이 Period 2에서 Period 1에 비해 서쪽으로 치우쳐 발생하였고, 태풍의 전향점의 위치는 Period 2에서 Period 1에 비해 북쪽으로 치우쳐 발생함에 따라 비교적 강한 강도의 태풍이 과거에 비해 한반도에 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 시간 최대 및 총 태풍 동반 강우량의 분석결과, Period 2에서 Period 1에 비해 한반도 전역에서 크게 나타났으며, 특히, 남부지역에서 많은 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후, 수자원 확보와 같은 태풍의 긍정적인 활용 방안과 태풍으로 인한 피해저감을 위한 치수대책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Time Series Changes in Sea-surface Temperature, Chlorophyll a, Nutrients, and Sea-wind in the East/Japan Sea on the Left- and Right-hand Sides of Typhoon Shanshan’s Track

이충일,박미옥 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean science journal Vol.45 No.4

Time series changes in sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a (Chl a), nutrients (PO4, NO3), and sea winds, which correlated with the passage of Typhoon Shanshan in the East/Japan Sea (EJS), are illustrated using satellite data for Chl a, SST, sea winds, and in situ data for nutrients and water temperature. The sea-surface cooling (SSC) effect by the passage of the typhoon was higher at stations nearer to the center compared to stations further from the center. The SSC effect at stations in the colder water region (on the left side of the typhoon’s track) was higher than at stations in the Tsushima Warm Current region (on the right side of the typhoon). The SSC effect continued for approximately 10 days after the passage of the typhoon. The Chl a concentration at all stations increased after the passage of the typhoon. This increase continued for a period of approximately 10 days, but the duration period at each station varied with distance from the typhoon center. Changes in Chl concentrations at stations within a 2° distance on both sides from the typhoon’s center were higher than that at other stations. The changes in Chl a by the passage of the typhoon were measured at approximately 0.3-1.0 mg/㎥ along the moving path of the typhoon. Phosphate and nitrate changes were inversely correlated with the water temperature changes; the nutrient concentration increased with the passage of the typhoon. Like the changes in SST, changes in nutrient concentrations on the left side of the typhoon’s track were higher compared to those at the center and the right side.

태풍에 의한 주암호복교지점의 식물플랑크톤 변화

조기안,이학영 한국하천호수학회 2018 생태와 환경 Vol.51 No.4

Phytoplankton community was studied in relation to a typhoon at Bok-gyo Bridge area in Juam Lake, Korea. In August 31, 2000, a typhoon (Prapiroon) was passed by Juam Lake with great power enough to destroy summer stratification of Juam Lake. Destratification resulted in temporal mixing of the whole water column and changed the physical and chemical properties of water bodies, and caused the changes of the biological properties. The transparency decreased from 195 cm before the typhoon to 84 cm after the typhoon with the resuspension of the bottom sediment. In the vertical distribution of the phytoplankton population, the maximum population was measured at depth of 2 m before the typhoon. However, immediately after the typhoon, the population distributed evenly throughout the entire water layers. The carbon biomass of the phytoplankton was also highest at the depth of 2 m before the typhoon, but immediately after the typhoon, it was uniformly distributed throughout the whole water layers. The vertical profiles of the concentrations of chlorophyll a, however, did not show a significant difference before and after the typhoon. The typhoon induced destratification and restratification altered the taxa of the phytoplankton. The major dominant phytoplankton taxa before the typhoon was diatoms including Aulacoseira granulata, but the green algae overwhelmed the diatoms in cell number and biomass after the typhoon. The chlorophycean dominance was replaced by cyanophycean dominance with the heavy rain and descent of water temperture at the end of September