Synthesis of TCO-free Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Nanoporous Ti Electrodes Using RF Magnetron Sputtering Technology

Kim, Doo-Hwan,Heo, Jong-Hyun,Kwak, Dong-Joo,Sung, Youl-Moon The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2010 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.5 No.1

A new type of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) based on a porous type Ti electrode without using a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is fabricated for low-cost high-efficient solar cell application. The TCO-free DSC is composed of a glass substrate/dye-sensitized $TiO_2$ nanoparticle/porous Ti layer/electrolyte/Pt sputtered counter electrode. The porous Ti electrode (~350 nm thickness) with high conductivity can collect electrons from the $TiO_2$ layer and allows the ionic diffusion of $I^-/I_3{^-}$ through the hole. The vacuum annealing treatment is important with respect to the interfacial necking between the metal Ti and porous $TiO_2$ layer. The efficiency of the prepared TCO-free DSC sample is about 3.5% (ff: 0.48, $V_{oc}$: 0.64V, $J_{sc}$: 11.14 mA/$cm^2$).

Synthesis of TCO-free Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Nanoporous Ti Electrodes Using RF Magnetron Sputtering Technology

Doo-Hwan Kim,Jong-Hyun Heo,Dong-Joo Kwak,Youl-Moon Sung 대한전기학회 2010 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.5 No.1

A new type of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) based on a porous type Ti electrode without using a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is fabricated for low-cost high-efficient solar cell application. The TCO-free DSC is composed of a glass substrate/dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanoparticle/porous Ti layer/electrolyte/Pt sputtered counter electrode. The porous Ti electrode (∼350 ㎚ thickness) with high conductivity can collect electrons from the TiO₂ layer and allows the ionic diffusion of I?/I₃?through the hole. The vacuum annealing treatment is important with respect to the interfacial necking between the metal Ti and porous TiO₂ layer. The efficiency of the prepared TCO-free DSC sample is about 3.5% (ff: 0.48, Voc: 0.64V, Jsc: 11.14 ㎃/㎠).

Front and Back TCO Research Review of a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) Solar Cell

Park, Hyeongsik,Lee, Youn-Jung,Park, Jinjoo,Kim, Youngkuk,Yi, Junsin,Lee, Youngseok,Kim, Sangho,Park, Chang-Kyun,Lim, Kyung-Jin The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2018 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.19 No.3

In this paper, we report a technical approach regarding an amorphous silicon (a-Si)/crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction solar cell to solve the previous issues, and we investigate the applications of front and back transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) on this high-efficiency solar cell. The presentation of front and rear-emitter structure solar cells is included, and we investigate the TCO-material candidates for the Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell according to the electrical and optical properties. A high-quality TCO film is very important because it is linked to the efficiency of the c-Si-based silicon solar cell. The intention here is the applying of a high-efficiency SHJ solar cell by fabricating the high-quality TCO materials of the investigation of this study.

Front and Back TCO Research Review of a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) Solar Cell

Hyeongsik Park,이윤정,박진주,김영국,이준신,이영석,김상호,박창균,임경진 한국전기전자재료학회 2018 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.19 No.3

In this paper, we report a technical approach regarding an amorphous silicon (a-Si)/crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunctionsolar cell to solve the previous issues, and we investigate the applications of front and back transparent conductive oxides(TCOs) on this high-effi ciency solar cell. The presentation of front and rear-emitter structure solar cells is included, andwe investigate the TCO-material candidates for the Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell according to the electrical and opticalproperties. A high-quality TCO fi lm is very important because it is linked to the effi ciency of the c-Si-based silicon solarcell. The intention here is the applying of a high-effi ciency SHJ solar cell by fabricating the high-quality TCO materials ofthe investigation of this study.

Impact of thin metal layer on the optical and electrical properties of indium-doped-tin oxide and aluminum-doped-zinc oxide layers

Kumar, M.D.,Park, Y.C.,Kim, J. Academic Press 2015 Superlattices and microstructures Vol.82 No.-

The distinguished transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers like indium-doped-tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped-zinc oxide (AZO) layers were prepared in different combinations with and without thin Ni metal layer. The optical and electrical properties of prepared samples were analyzed and compared with the objective to understand the role and influence of the Ni layer in each TCO combination. The highest transmittance value of 91.49% was exhibited by prepared AZO layers. Even though if the transmittance of Ni inserting TCO layers was marginally reduced than that of the ordinary TCO samples, they exhibited balanced optical properties with enhanced electrical properties. Carrier concentration of indium doped tin-oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide (ITO/AZO) bilayer sample is increased more than double the times when the Ni layer was inserted between ITO and AZO. Thin layer of Ni in between TCO layers reduced sheet resistance and offered substantial transmittance, so that the figure of merit (FOM) value of Ni embedding TCOs was greater than that of TCOs without Ni layer. The ITO/Ni/AZO combination provided optimum results in all the electrical properties. As compared to other TCO/metal combinations, the overall performance of ITO/Ni/AZO tri-layer combination was appreciable. These results show that the optical and electrical properties of TCO layers could be enhanced by inserting a Ni layer with optimum thickness in between them.

저온 선택적 원자층 증착공정을 이용한 유기태양전지용 AZO 투명전극 제조에 관한 실험적 연구

김기철(Ki-Cheol Kim),송근수(Gen-Soo Song),김형태(Hyung-Tae Kim),유경훈(Kyung-Hoon Yoo),강정진(Jeong-Jin Kang),황준영(Jun-Young Hwang),이상호(Sang-Ho Lee),강경태(Kyung-Tae Kang),강희석(Heui-Seok Kang),조영준(Young-June Cho) 대한기계학회 2013 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.37 No.6

AZO(Aluminium-doped Zinc Oxide)는 기존의 LCD, OLED, 광센서, 유기태양전지 등의 투명전극에 널리 사용되는 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)를 대체하기 위한 물질로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유기태양전지의 투명 전극으로 많이 사용되는 ITO 를 대체하기 위해 원자층 증착(ALD) 공정의 저온 선택적 증착 특성을 이용하여 유연성 폴리머인 PEN 기판상에 AZO 투명전극을 직접 패턴방식으로 제조하고, 그 투명전극의 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 평가하였다. 전기적, 광학적 특성 결과들로부터 원자층 증작공정의 저온 선택적 증착 특성을 통해 형성된 AZO 투명전극의 유기태양전지로의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide) is one of the best candidate materials to replace ITO (indium tin oxide) for TCOs (transparent conductive oxides) used in flat panel displays, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic solar cells (OSCs). In the present study, to apply an AZO thin film to the transparent electrode of an organic solar cell, a lowtemperature selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) process was adopted to deposit an AZO thin film on a flexible polyethylene- naphthalate (PEN) substrate. The reactive gases for the ALD process were di-ethyl-zinc (DEZ) and tri-methylaluminum (TMA) as precursors and H2O as an oxidant. The structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the AZO thin film were evaluated. From the measured results of the electrical and optical characteristics of the AZO thin films deposited on the PEN substrates by ALD, it was shown that the AZO thin film appeared to be comparable to a commercially used ITO thin film, which confirmed the feasibility of AZO as a TCO for flexible organic solar cells in the near future.

Al-doped ZnO 투명 전도성 박막(TCO)의 전기적 광학적 특성

홍윤정,이규만,김인우,Hong, Youn-Jeong,Lee, Kyu-Mann,Kim, In-Woo 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2007 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.6 No.3

ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) is the most attractive TCO(Transparent Conducting Oxide) materials for LCD, PDP, OLEDs and solar cell, because of their high optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However due to the shortage of indium resource, hard processing at low temperature, and decrease of optical property during hydrogen plasma treatment, their applications to the display industries are limited. Thus, recently the Al-doped ZnO(AZO) has been studied to substitute ITO. In this study, we have investigated the effect of different substrate temperature(RT, $150^{\circ}C$, $225^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$) and working pressure(10 mTorr, 20 mTorr, 30 mTorr, 80 mTorr) on the characteristics of AZO(2 wt.% Al, 98 wt.% ZnO) films deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering. We have obtained AZO thin films deposited at low temperature and all the deposited AZO thin films are grown as colunmar. The average transmittance in the visible wavelength region is over 80% for all the films and transmittance improved with increasing substrate temperature. Electrical properties of the AZO films improved with increasing substrate temperature.

투명 전도성 산화물이 코팅된 유전체의 단방향 레이다 단면적 측정

임형래(Hyeong Rae Im),노영훈(Yeong Hoon Noh),홍익표(Ic Pyo Hong),권순형(Soon Hyeong Kwon),윤영준(Young Joon Yoon),황민제(Min Je Hwang),최광식(Kwang Sik Choi),육종관(Jong Gwan Yook) 한국전자파학회 2019 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.30 No.9

군사 무기 체계 중 전투기에서 구조적으로 큰 비중을 차지하는 조종석 캐노피는 레이다 단면적(radar cross section: RCS) 저감 성능 확보와 함께 높은 가시광선 투과율을 요구한다. 본 논문에서는 가시광선 영역에서 높은 광투과율과 낮은 Haze 특성 구현이 가능한 투명 전도성 산화물(transparent conducting oxide: TCO)이 코팅된 아크릴계 유전체의 단방향 레이다 단면적(monostatic RCS) 특성을 실험을 통해 분석하였다. RCS 측정 교정을 위해 완전 도체를 가정한 구리로 된 도체 평판을 사용하였고, 안테나 및 산란체의 원거리장 조건을 확보하여 측정 오차를 최소화시켰다. TCO 단면 및 양면코팅된 샘플의 monostatic RCS를 측정한 결과, 수직 입사 조건에서 도체 평판 대비 약 2.9 dB, 7.24 dB의 감소치를 확인하였다. 5°, 10°의 경사 입사 조건에서 각 샘플의 RCS 변화 경향 또한 측정을 통해 함께 확인하였다. In military weapon systems, the cockpit canopy that occupies a large region of a fighter aircraft requires both high visible light transmittance and Radar Cross Section(RCS) reduction performance. In this investigation, the monostatic RCS of an acrylic dielectric coated with a transparent conducting oxide that can realize high light transmittance and low haze characteristics in the visible spectrum, was experimentally analyzed. To calibrate the RCS measurement, assuming a perfect electric conductor, a conducting plate made of copper was used and the measurement error was minimized by satisfying the far-field condition of the antenna and scatterers. The monostatic RCS of TCO single-sided and double-sided coated samples was measured. As a result, an RCS reduction of approximately 2.9 dB and 7.24 dB, respectively, was confirmed under normal incidence condition, compared to the conducting plate. In addition, RCS variations of each sample were confirmed by measurement performed at 5° and 10° oblique incidence.

Optical Simulation Study on Indoor Organic Photovoltaics with Textured Electrodes towards Self-powered Photodetector

스와럽 비스와스,김혁 한국센서학회 2019 센서학회지 Vol.28 No.4

In this work, we performed an optical simulation study on the performance of a PMDPP3T:PCBM based on an organic photovoltaic (PV) device. The virtual PV device was developed in Lumerical, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions. Different layers ofthe PV cell have been defined through the incorporation of complex refractive index value of those layers’ constituent materials. Duringthe simulation study, the effect of the variation active layer thickness on an ideal short circuit current density (Jsc, ideal) of the PV cell has been, first, observed. Thereafter, we have investigated the impact of surface roughness of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) elec- trode on Jsc,ideal of the PV cells. From this simulation, it has been observed that the Jsc,ideal value of the PV cell is strongly dependent on the thickness of its active layer and the photon absorption of the PV cell has gradually decreased with the increment of the TCO’s surface roughness. As a result, the capability of the PV device has been reduced with the increment of the surface roughness of the TCO.

ZnO/Ag Multilayer의 투과율과 전도성에 관한 연구

김윤해(Yun-hae Kim),김도완(Do-wan Kim),무라카미 리이치(Ri-Ichi Murakami),문경만(Kyung-man Moon),이성열(Sung-Yul Lee) 한국해양공학회 2011 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

This study has lowered the specific resistance by coating a thin film layer of Ag, playing the role of the electron donor on the ZnO that is used usefully for the transparent conductive oxides. Presently, this study has examined the transmittance and electric characteristics according to the thickness of the Ag thin film layer. Also, this study has observed the transmittance and electric characteristics according to the uppermost ZnO thin film layer of ZnO/Ag/ZnO symmetric film and has conducted the theoretical investigation. In order to observe the transmittance and electric characteristics according to the thickness of the Ag thin film layer and the uppermost ZnO thin film layer, this study conducted the film deposition at room temperature while making use of the DC magnetron sputtering system. In order to see the changes in the thickness of the Ag thin film layer, this study coated a thin film while increasing by 4㎚; and, in order to see the changes in the thickness of uppermost ZnO thin film layer, it performed the thin film coating by increasing by 5㎚. From the experimental result, the researchers observed that the best transmittance could be obtained when the thickness of the Ag thin film layer was 8㎚, but the resistance and mobility increased as the thickness got larger. On the other hand, when the thickness of the uppermost ZnO thin film layer was 20㎚, the experiment yielded the best transmittance with excellent electric characteristics. Also, when compared the ZnO/Ag asymmetric film with the ZnO/Ag/ZnO symmetric film, the ZnO/Ag asymmetric film showed better transmittance and electric characteristics.