저탄소 관광의 개념적 프레임워크 개발 -개념화 과정을 통한 개념정의와 측정방법 검토-

이성은 ( Sung Eun Lee ),최환석 ( Chris Choi ) 관광경영학회 2010 관광경영연구 Vol.42 No.-

Climate has been regarded as a key resource for tourism and the problem of climate change has emerged as one of the most important challenges and issue in tourism sector recently. This article aims to develop the conceptual framework on low carbon tourism and examines the definition and measurement through conceptualization process on low carbon tourism. To build the conceptual framework three categories such as adaptation-mitigation of climate change, sustainability of tourism, and tourism system were considered as key components. As a result of conceptualization, the concept of low carbon tourism was defined that it is a kind of tourism patterns that tourism system components such as tourist, destination, and tourism industry try to implement the mitigations and the adaptations to climate change in pursuit of sustainability of tourism. In the last step of the conceptualization, the measure and analysis methods of low carbon tourism were reviewed, which can be applied to carbon offset system like a carbon credit and analyzed the willingness to pay(WTP) of low carbon travel using contingent valuation method.

스마트관광 IT서비스의 중요도와 만족도에 대한 관광생명주기 단계별 차이 분석

정병희,김근형 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2019 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.19 No.1

In this paper, we measured and analyzed the importance and satisfaction about IT services for Smart tourism in the viewpoint of Tourism life cycle so that we presented strategies of providing the IT services for progressing the Smart tourism. The IT services would be divided into three domain which would be pre-tourism, during-tourism and post-tourism. Tourism information search service, Price comparison service, Online reservation service, Online payment service, Payment service based on Smart phone and Entertainment service for pre-experience in tourism belong to IT services for the pre-tourism. Tourism information search service, Context-awareness service, Internet of Things service, Navigation service, Entertainments service during tourism, and Dronography service belong to IT services for the during-tourism. Interactive sharing service and Tagging service belong to IT services for the post-tourism. Importance and satisfaction about the IT services were measured by five-point Likert scale. There was the significant difference between Importance and Satisfaction of IT Services in Pre-trip of Tourism life cycle. There was also the significant difference between Importance and Satisfaction of IT Services in During-trip of Tourism life cycle. The Importances of It services in each steps of the Tourism life cycle appeared decreasingly in orders of Pre-trip, Post-trip and During-Trip. The Satisfaction of It services in each steps of the Tourism life cycle also appeared decreasingly in orders of Pre-trip, Post-trip and During-Trip.

외국관광객 유치를 위한 중국 하얼빈시 관광상품 활성화 방안 -한국 관광객을 중심으로-

강우미 ( Jiang Yuwei ),이혜원 ( Lee Hyewon ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2022 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.81 No.-

관광상품은 지역특색 및 관광지의 독특한 문화를 담아낸 것으로 관광산업 발전의 중요한 요소 중 하나이며, 지역 관광상품 개발은 지역 관광 활성화를 위한 중요한 포석이 된다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 관광객을 대상으로 관광객의 니즈와 지역 특색에 맞는 하얼빈 관광상품의 개발을 유도하고, 이를 활용하여 하얼빈 관광상품의 차별화를 도모하고 도시 인지도를 높여 지속적인 관광객 유치와 나아가 하얼빈 관광산업의 발전을 촉진하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 연구는 하얼빈을 방문한 한국 관광객을 대상으로 하얼빈 관광상품 시장에서 주로 판매되는 6가지 품목의 상품에 대한 인지도, 만족도, 소비행동에 대한 분석으로 구성되었으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하얼빈 국제 빙설제(哈爾濱冰雪大世界)는 하얼빈의 여러 관광지 중 한국 관광객에게 가장 인상 깊은 곳이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 향후 하얼빈 관광상품 개발 시 빙설제를 활용한 상품의 개발 및 차별화가 필요하다는 결론이다. 둘째, 관광상품의 주된 구매목적이 일상 사용이라는 점을 감안하여 상품의 실용성과 심미성을 높이는 아이디어 및 디자인 도출이 필요하다. 셋째, 기존 하얼빈 관광상품은 하얼빈 도시를 잘 대변하지 못하고 있으며 관광상품의 지역 대표성 또한 떨어진다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 추후 하얼빈의 역사와 문화적 특성을 대변하는 모티프를 선별하여 대표관광상품을 개발할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 관광객이 하얼빈방문 시 가장 구매를 희망하는 종류는 인테리어 장식품이라는 점을 감안하여 지역적 대표성과 관객의 니즈를 만족시키는 인테리어 소품 개발에 대한 아이디어 도출이 절실하다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 관광도시로서의 하얼빈의 위상을 드높일 수 있는 관광상품 개발이 활성화 되기를 기대하며, 궁극적으로 하얼빈 관광상품의 차별화와 도시 인지도 향상을 통해 관광산업의 부흥이 이루어지기를 기대한다. Tourism commodities are one of the important factors in the development of the tourism industry as they represent local characteristics and unique culture of tourist destinations. Therefore, the development of local tourism products serves as an important stepping stone for vitalizing local tourism. This study was conducted to induce development of Harbin tourism products tailored to the needs and characteristics of Korean tourists, to differentiate existing Harbin tourism products, and finally to promote further tourist attraction and development of the overall Harbin tourism industry. The study consists of analysis on the Korean tourists’ awareness, satisfaction, and consumption behavior towards Harbin as a tourist destination, and also six selected items mainly sold in the Harbin tourism product market. Firstly, Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival was found to be the most impressive place for Korean tourists. Secondly, it was found that the main purpose of purchasing tourism products by the Korean tourists was for daily use, thus it is necessary to derive ideas and designs that prioritize practicality and aesthetics of the product. Thirdly, it was confirmed that existing Harbin tourism products are poor representations of the city of Harbin, thereby failing to hold regional representation of the area. In the future, it is necessary to select motifs that represent Harbin's history and cultural characteristics to develop tourism products. Fourthly, considering that the type of product tourists most wish to purchase when visiting Harbin is interior decoration, it is important to develop interior props that satisfy the aforementioned need for regional representation and practicality. Based on the research results, it is hoped that tourism products with better representation of the area can be developed to enhance Harbin's status as a tourist attraction, and ultimately rekindle the tourism industry of Harbin.

관광문화와 관광학 -사회현상으로서의 관광철학적 접근에 관한 연구-

한민규 ( Min Kyu Han ),이웅규 ( Woong Kyu Lee ),박수영 ( Soo Young Park ) 관광경영학회 2013 관광경영연구 Vol.55 No.-

This study asserts the importance of philosophical approach to tourism as a social phenomenon; Tourism philosophy makes a contribution to grasping of the whole social by combining microscopic analysis of tourism science, reproduction with macroscopic analysis of tourism culture. To grope a model of philosophical approach to tourism as a social phenomenon: tourism culture and tourism science, this study investigates the trends of tourism contents. This paper attempts to analyze critically the existing phenomena of tourism science and to make an philosophical approach to tourism as a social phenomenon. Tourism philosophy is a genre of special interest tourism based on the search for and intellectual, emotional, or psychological. Several tourism contents such as museums, galleries, festival, architecture, historic ruins, artistic performances, heritage sites, and popular or folk arts routinely draw tourists. The trends of tourist contents is divided into ``daily practice of tourism`` and ``multidisciplinary convergence of tourism``. Multidisciplinary convergence of tourism focuses on tourist motivation. Motivation for tourism is now increasingly understood in terms of how it relates to the individuals`s long-term psychological needs and life-plans. Daily practice of tourism discusses tourism science as an extension of the commodification of tourism under capitalism. The tourism commodification is viewed as an all-pervasive characteristic of modern capitalism, and involves tourist commodity production and exchange, the mass manipulation of tourist commodity signs, the standardization of products, tastes, and experiences. In Conclusion, this study proposes the task of tourism philosophy.

韓國觀光産業 50年 硏究

손대현 한국관광학회 2007 관광학연구 Vol.31 No.6

For sustainable tourism, it is time to cope actively with environment change with ecological-mechanism. Leadership, contents and system should be harmonized and dynamic equilibrium and Chaos & Fractal theory should be systemized to generate substantial competitive energy in tourism contents. Essence of tourism is creativity(novelty). With all rapid growth, we are in the age of creativity. Dubai’s success are example of creativity and flexibility. Jim Dato’s GNC(Gross National Cool) concept, Mohammed Bin Al Maktoum and Tomas Krens’s leadership are also good role model of creativity and imagination. Contents is function of fun, storytelling and aesthetic concept. Finally, system is organism in which two factors, networks of tourism-subsystem and appealing killer contents with convergence and creativity, are interwoven each other.핵심용어(Key words):관광정책(Tourism policy), 관광산업(Tourism industry), 관광위상(Status of tourism), 관광표적시장(Tourism target market),역동적 균형(Dynamic equilibrium)

목포권 스포츠 관광의 개발현황 및 발전과제

배성완,최영욱 木浦大學校應用스포츠 科學硏究所 2003 스포츠 科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

This study aims to find a solution promoting sports tourism as the affective plan for tour industry in Mokpo area. This study will define the necessity of sports tourism development and provide the solutive of sports tourism development in Mokpo area by researching and analyzing sports tourism environment and opinons. For the examination objects, sports tourists who visited Mokpo area (Mokpo, Sinan, Muan, Yeongam, Haenam), sports tourism industry workers, politicians for tourism policy, college students, local citizens are referred to, and the samples of examinations objects is drawn out by Stratified Cluster Samplig and Convenient Sampling. Total numbers of samples are 776, but final available samples are 738 excepted 36 who answered thoughtlessly. The question sheet for this for this study compares previous studies of Gibson(1988), Danaher et, al, (1996) and Yoon, Yee-Joong. It is composed to social-population property, tourism experience, divelopment possibility, appraisement for tourism, golf course constrution, marine sports development, etc The way of statistics in this study is technical statistics to examine the general property and cognition of examination objects, T-test and Anova are used for comparing analysis according to population statictic property. The conclusions from the study are as follows : First, pulblic officers, workers of tourism, and the inhabitants have very low level of conscioysness about sports tourism. So the condition of sports, tourism is very poor. Especially the fact that the policy makers have very low level of consciousness about sports tourism is the biggest problem in developing Mokpo area as a modern and international tourism center. Second, the condition and environment of tourism Mokpo area is very poor because of the difficulty of approach. the lack of facilities, the lack of advertisement, and so on. But there are various sports tourism resources such as beautiful tour course of the land and the sea, deaches of Sinan-Keun, places for fishing, diving points for construction of golf course in Haenam and Youngam. Third, Mokpo area has bright prospect in not only the domestic tourism for the tourists of seoul and large cities but also the international tourism for the tourists of Japan, China, and South-east Asia. If the SOC business in Mokpo area are West-coast Highway, Muan International Airport, Mokpo harbor, the removal of provincial office, the construction of double train track, and so on. In addition to this, Mokpo area in the starting point of the southern seashore touting belt which is carried by the government. So Mokpo area has good condition to construct tourism infrastructure and has big potentiality to be the center of sports tourism of Korea. Fourth, it is needed to make and pursue the policy which makes Mokpo area as the center of golf tour, finshing tour and diving tour. The way to do this is like this hold various seminars and debating societies to change the consciousness about sports tourism, and construct golf courses, beaches, associated with sports tourism, it is mecessary to held national sports games, invent sports programs and sports tourism packages connected with local festival, make internet site to advertise sports tourism, and plan political policy to develop the speciality of sports tourism.

小学校の社会科教科書にみる観光教育の様相

岩﨑早穂 ( Iwasaki Saho ) 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2024 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.20 No.-

小学校における観光教育の充実が図られようとしている。観光教育は、観光体験が少ない小学生の、観光に対する印象形成に影響を及ぼし得る、重要課題である。本稿は、その現状を把握するため、社会科教科書中の観光描写に注目して内容分析を行った。教科書では、観光は地域の情報把握、発信手段として描写され、観光客の増加は地域の発展に繋がると強調されている。観光は社会の問題解決手段としての位置づけとされていることがわかる。しかしこれでは、自己不在、中身不在の、空洞化した観光が流布することになりかねず、自律的な観光は実現しない。観光や旅行は「人と繋がり、交流することで、新たな発見ができる場」だという認識を育てることが観光教育の第一歩であり、これを基礎として問題解決型の学びを位置づけなければならない。 The social studies section of the curriculum guidelines for elementary schools in Japan, which is fully implemented from 2020, clearly states tourism as an industry that utilizes information. Tourism education which fosters a close connection to tourism and encourages thinking about its role in society is expected to become mainstream in elementary schools in the future. Tourism education is a critical issue for elementary school students who have little experience with tourism, as it can have a significant impact on their impressions and future vision of tourism. In order to understand the current state of tourism education in elementary schools, we conducted a content analysis focusing on the depiction of tourism in social studies textbooks. In the textbooks currently in use, tourism is depicted as a means of understanding and disseminating local information, and it is emphasized that an increase in the number of tourists will lead to the development of the region. Thus, It is clear that tourism is positioned as a means of solving social problems. However, this may lead to the spread of hollowed-out tourism that is absent of self and substance, and autonomous tourism will not be realized. The first step in tourism education is to nurture in people the awareness that “tourism and travel are places where they can connect and interact with people to gain information and make new discoveries”. We must then position problemsolving learning on this basis.

청소년 관광 참여 동기 유형 및 관광 제약 요인에 관한 연구 - 한국 청소년들의 중국관광 중심으로 -

곽춘려,이희승 한국관광산업학회 2012 Tourism Research Vol.35 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze what kinds of chinese tourism’s participation motivations and tourism constraints occur when korea youths enjoy their tourism activities in chinese. To achieve this purpose, the data was collected from 166 Korean youths who visited Chinese for tourism purpose. The findings of the study were as follows:First, the results of the analysis showed that chinese tourism’s participation motivation was composed of 5 subordinate factors: education and learning, friendship, escaping routine, tourism experience and social motivation. Second, As the result, there were 5 tourism constraints; personal psychological constraints, environmental constraints, interpersonal constraints, social constraints, facility constraints, In this research, the korea youth of chinese tourism were classified into 3 clusters based on their participation motivations. Those 3 clusters were named "education and learning group", "escaping routine and tourism experience group", "social participation motivation group". Also this study verified the differences among constraints on the types of the korea youth of chinese tourism’s participation motivations by personal psychological constraints, social constraints and facility constraints.

주민 주도의 지역관광 활성화를 위한 법적 과제

조진우 경상국립대학교 법학연구소 2021 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.2

관광 사업은 지역을 방문하는 관광객 수를 늘리는 것에 중점적으로 추진되어 왔다. 관광객이 증가하면 지역 내 소비가 증가해 지역경제가 활성화된다고 인식하였기 때문이다. 그동안의 관광 사업은 중앙정부 중심의 획일적인 형태로 이루어졌고 지역의 특색보다는 관광객이 더 올 수 있는 대규모 시설 중심으로 추진되어 왔다. 이 과정에서 지역주민은 관광 사업에서 주체적인 역할을 가지지 못하고 정책의 수혜자에 불과하였다. 그러나 기존의 관광 사업으로는 지속가능성을 담보하지 못하고 기대한 비즈니스 창출도 어렵다는 인식이 확산되었다. 지방분권의 가속화되면서 주민이 단순히 수동적인 입장에서 보다 적극적인 입장으로 정책에 참여하고 주도하는 것이 강조되기 시작하였다. 이에 지역 주민들이 관광 비즈니스를 경영하고 지역과 관광객을 유도하여 경제를 활성화시키는 지속가능한 관광으로 관광두레가 등장하였다. 관광두레는 지역 주민의 협력과 상생을 토대로 하여 더 좋은 지역공동체를 마련하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 관광두레는 주민주도의 관광 사업을 상징하는 것으로 2013년 실시된 이후 매년 관광두레 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 관광 관련 법제는 주민 참여나 주민주도에 대해 별다른 규정을 두고 있지 않기 때문에 관광두레에 대한 법적 기반이 취약한 상황이다. 관광두레의 지속성과 주민주도 관광의 활성화를 위해서는 관광진흥법에 기본적인 근거규정을 마련하고 지방자치단체마다 주민주도 관광을 전제로 한 관광진흥조례의 개정이 필요하다. 관광두레의 운영에 있어서 중요한 기능을 하는 관광두레PD에 대하여 중앙정부와 지방자치단체간의 역량 강화 교육을 규정할 필요가 있다. 또한 지방자치단체가 주민주도 관광이 지속가능하도록 초기부터 참여하여 지원할 수 있는 근거 마련도 필요하다. 주민참여를 넘어 주민이 주도하는 관광은 지방분권의 실질적인 구현이라고 할 수 있다. 관광두레를 중심으로 주민이 주도하고 지속가능한 관광이 자리매김할 수 있는 법제 연구가 앞으로도 활발히 논의되어야 할 것이다. Tourism projects have been focused on increasing the number of tourists visiting the region. This is because it was recognized that when the number of tourists increased, consumption in the region increased and the local economy was revitalized. Until now, tourism projects have been carried out in a uniform form centered on the central government, and have been promoted centering on large-scale facilities that can attract more tourists than local characteristics. However, there has been widespread recognition that the existing tourism business cannot guarantee sustainability and that it is difficult to create the expected business. As decentralization accelerated, the emphasis began to emphasize that residents participated and lead the policy from a simple passive position to a more active position. As a result, tourism has emerged as a sustainable tourism in which local residents run tourism business and induce local and tourists to revitalize the economy. Tourism Doure is a symbol of resident-led tourism projects, and since its implementation in 2013, the number of Tourism Doure cases has been increasing every year. However, the legal basis for tourism is weak because the tourism-related legislation does not stipulate any special regulations on resident participation or initiative. For the continuity of tourism and the vitalization of resident-led tourism, it is necessary to prepare basic regulations in the Tourism Promotion Act and to amend the tourism promotion ordinance on the premise of resident-led tourism for each local government. It is necessary to stipulate capacity-building education between the central government and local governments for the Tourism Doure PD, which plays an important role in the operation of the Tourism Doure. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a basis for local governments to participate and support from the beginning so that resident-led tourism is sustainable. Beyond the participation of residents, tourism led by residents can be said to be a practical implementation of decentralization. In the future, research on the legal system that residents can lead and sustainable tourism can establish, centered on Tourism Doure, will need to be actively discussed in the future.

‘관광을 통한 평화’(Peace Tourism)의 창출: 중국-대만 관광교류 사례가 한반도 평화에 주는 함의

김진호,김평선,신민석 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2008 평화학연구 Vol.9 No.3

The established study of the relations of peace and tourism has been paid attention to the positive result for the increase of incomes, local development, mutual understanding, hostility cancellation. This mainly analyzes the impact on the low politics such as the economic interdependence among nations including culture・environment・technique. Otherwise, it also raised the criticism tourism is not functioning the prevention of war. Few researches had been doing the possibility of the high politics's changing the enlargement of military political interests through tourism and the improvement of national interests through armament, in relating to this, high politics transforming into the new relations. Accordingly, in this regard, it reviews tourism's contribution to positive peace such as its economic effects through the previous works. Also it knows tourism's impact on the local economic development as well as affecting the high politics bring the conflict prevention and detente, extend the improvement of the international exchanges. Having known that, we can draw the implications for applicating to Korean peninsular. This papers is to explore the existing literatures on the relations between peace and tourism, basing upon it, it investigates the theoretical framework of it. Consequently, it is to review China-Taiwan relations as the case of peace project for peace through tourism. The existing research still be valid in view of the tourism's affecting the low politics. However, it is unsatisfied about the study how the tourism influence the high politics. The main purpose is to know the real impact on the tourism affecting the peace. 관광과 평화의 관계에 대한 기존연구는 관광이 수입증대 등의 지역발전, 상호이해 증진, 적대감 해소 등의 긍정적 결과로 나타나고 있다는 점에 주목하고 있다. 이는 관광이 국가간 경제적 상호의존이나 문화 · 기술 · 환경 등과 같은 하위정치(low politics)에 미치는 영향을 주로 분석한 것이다. 그러나 이와는 달리 관광이 전쟁을 예방하지는 못한다는 비판 또한 제기되고 있다. 관광을 통해서 군사적 · 정치적 이익의 극대화와 군비경쟁을 통한 국익 증대 등을 다루는 고위정치(high politics)가 변화될 수 있으며, 고위정치의 변화가 새로운 관계전환을 유도하는 측면에 대한 연구는 미진하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 측면에서 관광이 경제적 효과, 적대감 해소 등의 적극적 평화에 기여한다는 점을 선행연구들을 통해 살펴보고, 관광이 지역경제 발전뿐만 아니라 고위정치에 영향을 미쳐서 고위정치 영역의 긴장해소, 분쟁방지, 그리고 다른 분야의 교류협력 확대를 가져온다는 점을 검토하고, 이런 측면을 한반도 평화 구축을 위해 적용시킬 수 있는 함의를 이끌어내고자 한다. 본 연구는 우선 관광과 평화의 관계에 관한 기존 연구들을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 관광을 통한 평화의 창출 및 확산의 이론적 틀을 모색한다. 다음으로, 관광을 통한 평화 프로젝트의 한 사례로서 중국과 대만의 관광교류협력 사례를 분석하고자 한다. 기존의 연구는 관광이 하위정치 영역에 영향을 미치고 있는 측면에서 중요하지만, 아직까지 관광이 고위정치에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미진한 편이다. 따라서 관광이 고위정치에 기여하는 프로세스를 파악함으로써 관광이 평화에 미치는 적극적 영향을 파악하는 것이 본 연구의 주요한 목적이다. 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 관광이 한반도 평화에 미치는 함의를 도출하고, 한반도 관광교류에 적용시킬 것이다.