고Mn강의 소성에 따른 미세조직및 Texture 변화에 관한연구

김택남,김종옥,Kim, Taek-Nam,Kim, Jong-Ok 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 自然科學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

탄소함량이 다른 두 Hadfield's강의 (고Mn강) 소성에 관한 연구를, 냉간압연시 나타나는 금속미세조직, texture등으로 조사하였다. Low carbon Hadfield's steel (LCHS, 0.65 wt. % C)에서는 적층결함, 쌍정및 brass type shear bands가 냉간압연시 나타나고, 이때 쌍정은 Intrinsic적층결함이 차곡차곡 쌓여서 나타나는것으로 생각된다. Texture 는 70-30 황동과 초기에는 비슷하나, 40% 이상의 변형에서는 마르텐사이트 상변화에 의해서 이상 texture가 나타난다. 한편 high carbon Hadfield's steel (HCHS, 1.35 wt. % C)에서는 전위엉킴, 쌍정및 copper and brass type shear bands가 소성 변형시 나타난다. Texture 는 70-30 황동과 비슷하고 이상 texture는 나타나지않고있다. 이러한 사실은 HCHS에서 마르텐사이트 상변화가 나타나지 않는것과 또 탄소원자가 편석되지 않는것과 잘일치하고 있다. LCHS와 HCHS사이의 미세조직과 texture의 변화에 많은 차이점을 보일지라도, 적층결함에너지의 차이는 매우작고 약 ($2 mJm^-2$), 탄소편석이 오직 LCHS에서만 일어나고 있다. 따라서 탄소와 같은 작은 원자의 편석이 미세조직 뿐만아니라, texture에 영향을 미치는 것을 생각 할 수 있다. 이러한 탄소의 편석은 LCHS에서 마르텐사이트 상변화와도 관계가 깊다. The microstructural and textural development during rolling is compared in two Hadifield's steels (high Mn steel), one having low carbon content (0.65 wt.%) and the other high carbon (1.35 wt.%).In low carbon Hadfield's steel (LCHS) mixed microstructures are formed which contain intrinsic stacking faults, deformation twins, and brass type shear bands. The deformation twins are thought to be formed by the stacking of intrinsic stacking faults. The similar development to 70-30 brass texture is observed in early deformation. However the abnormal texture is developed after 40 % deformation, which is thought to be due to the martensite phase transformation. In high carbon Hadfield's steel (HCHS) mixed substructures of dislocation tangles, deformation twins, and shear bands (both copper and brass type) are found to develop. The texture development is similar to that of 70-30 brass. This is consistant with no carbon segregation and no martensitic phase transformation in HCHS. In spite of the difference of substructure and texture development during rolling in two steels, the difference in stacking fault energy is measured to be small ($2 mJm^-2$). The carbon segregation is only occurred in LCHS. Thus it is thought that the carbon segregation influence the microstructure and texture development during rolling. This is related with martensite phase transformation in LCHS.

Solid Texture Synthesis and Mapping of Liver for Virtual Surgery

Chen Si-Xi,Li Jian-Wei,Chen Guo-Dong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.12

In order to see clearly the details inside the liver and enhance the users’ visual presence in the virtual surgery simulation system, the principles and methods of solid texture are used to render the photorealistic liver. Firstly, the sample sets are processed and multiple samples are used to synthesize the liver solid texture. Secondly, to improving the mapping efficiency of graphics hardware, the texture atlas is used to map the solid texture. In order to improve the fill rate of texture atlas, the height descending triangle bounding box method is used. The experimental result shows that the internal texture can be observed clearly. The study is of great significance to the photorealistic rendering of virtual liver surgery system, and provides a guideline for the solid texture synthesis and mapping of other human organs.

Nondestructive Measurement of Cheese Texture using Noncontact Air-instability Compensation Ultrasonic Sensors

백인석,이훈수,김대용,이왕희,조병관 한국농업기계학회 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: Cheese texture is an important sensory attribute mainly considered for consumers’ acceptance. The feasibility of nondestructive measurements of cheese texture was explored using non-contact ultrasonic sensors. Methods: A novel non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic technique was used for five varieties of hard cheeses to measure ultrasonic parameters, such as velocity and attenuation coefficient. Five texture properties, such as fracturability, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were assessed by a texture profile analysis (TPA) and correlated with the ultrasonic parameters. Results: Texture properties of five varieties of hard cheese were estimated using ultrasonic parameters with regression analysis models. The most effective model predicted the fracturability, hardness, springiness, and chewiness, with the determination coefficients of 0.946 (RMSE = 21.82 N), 0.944 (RMSE = 63.46 N), 0.797 (RMSE = 0.06 ratio), and 0.833 (RMSE = 17.49 N), respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic sensing technique can be an effective tool for rapid and non-destructive determination of cheese texture. Purpose: Cheese texture is an important sensory attribute mainly considered for consumers’ acceptance. The feasibility of nondestructive measurements of cheese texture was explored using non-contact ultrasonic sensors. Methods: A novel non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic technique was used for five varieties of hard cheeses to measure ultrasonic parameters, such as velocity and attenuation coefficient. Five texture properties, such as fracturability, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were assessed by a texture profile analysis (TPA) and correlated with the ultrasonic parameters. Results: Texture properties of five varieties of hard cheese were estimated using ultrasonic parameters with regression analysis models. The most effective model predicted the fracturability, hardness, springiness, and chewiness, with the determination coefficients of 0.946 (RMSE = 21.82 N), 0.944 (RMSE = 63.46 N), 0.797 (RMSE = 0.06 ratio), and 0.833 (RMSE = 17.49 N), respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the non-contact air instability compensation ultrasonic sensing technique can be an effective tool for rapid and non-destructive determination of cheese texture.

GLCM/GLDV 기반 Texture 알고리즘 구현과 고 해상도 영상분석 적용

이기원 ( Ki Won Lee ),전소희 ( So Hee Jeon ),권병두 ( Byung Doo Kwon ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 2005 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

화소들 사이의 관계를 고려해 Texture 영상을 생성해 내는 것을 의미하는 Texture 영상화는 유용한 영상 분석 방법 중의 하나로 잘 알려져 있고, 대부분의 상업적인 원격 탐사 소프트웨어들은 GLCM이라는 Texture 분석 기능을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, GLCM 알고리즘에 기반한 Texture 영상화 프로그램이 구현되었고, 추가적으로 GLDV에 기반을 둔 Texture 영상화 모듈 프로그램을 제공한다. 본 프로그램에서는 Homogeneity, Dissimilarity, Energy, Entropy, Angular Second Moment(ASM). Contrast 등과 같은 GLCM/GLDV의 6가지 Texture 변수에 따라 각각 이에 해당하는 Texture 영상들을 생성해 낸다. GLCM/GLDV Texture 영상 생성에서는 방향 의존성을 고려해야 하는데, 이 프로그램에서는 기본적으로 동-서, 북동-남서, 북-남, 북서-남동 등의 기본적인 방향설정을 제공한다. 또한 이 논문에서 새롭게 구현된 커널내의 모든 방향을 고려해서 평균 값을 계산하는 Omni 방향 모드와 커널내의 중심 화소를 정하고 그 주변 화소에 대한 원형 방향을 고려하는 원형 방향 모드를 지원한다. 또한 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 변수와 모드에 따라 얻어진 Texture 영상의 분석을 위하여 가상 영상 및 실제 위성 영상들에 의하여 생성된 Texture 영상 간의 특정 분석과 상호상관 분석을 수행하였다. Texture 영상합성 응용시에는 영상의 생성시에 적용된 변수들에 대한 이해와 영상 간의 상관도를 분석하는 과정이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Texture imaging, which means texture image creation by co-occurrence relation, has been known as one of the useful image analysis methodologies. For this purpose, most commercial remote sensing software provides texture analysis function named GLCM (Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix). In this study, texture-imaging program based on GLCM algorithm is newly implemented. As well, texture imaging modules for GLDV (Grey Level Difference Vector) are contained in this program. As for GLCM/GLDV Texture imaging parameters, it composed of six types of second order texture functions such as Homogeneity, Dissimilarity, Energy, Entropy, Angular Second Moment, and Contrast. As for co-occurrence directionality in GLCM/GLDV, two direction modes such as Omni-mode and Circular mode newly implemented in this program are provided with basic eight-direction mode. Omni-mode is to compute all direction to avoid directionality complexity in the practical level, and circular direction is to compute texture parameters by circular direction surrounding a target pixel in a kernel. At the second phase of this study, some case studies with artificial image and actual satellite imagery are carried out to analyze texture images in different parameters and modes by correlation matrix analysis. It is concluded that selection of texture parameters and modes is the critical issues in an application based on texture image fusion.

3D 프린팅 모델 시편을 활용한 도로 노면 조직 특성에 따른 노면 마찰력 예측

정우형,김재훈,이승우,김영규 한국도로학회 2024 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.26 No.2

PURPOSES : Pavement surface friction depends significantly on pavement surface texture characteristics. The mean texture depth (MTD), which is an index representing pavement surface texture characteristics, is typically used to predict pavement surface friction. However, the MTD may not be sufficient to represent the texture characteristics to predict friction. To enhance the prediction of pavement surface friction, one must select additional variables that can explain complex pavement surface textures. METHODS : In this study, pavement surface texture characteristics that affect pavement surface friction were analyzed based on the friction mechanism. The wavelength, pavement surface texture shape, and pavement texture depth were hypothesized to significantly affect the surface friction of pavement. To verify this, the effects of the three abovementioned pavement surface texture characteristics on pavement surface friction must be investigated. However, because the surface texture of actual pavements is irregular, examining the individual effects of these characteristics is difficult. To achieve this goal, the selected pavement surface texture characteristics were formed quantitatively, and the irregularities of the actual pavement surface texture were improved by artificially forming the pavement surface texture using threedimensionally printed specimens. To reflect the pavement surface texture characteristics in the specimen, the MTD was set as the pavement surface texture depth, and the exposed aggregate number (EAN) was set as a variable. Additionally, the aggregate shape was controlled to reflect the characteristics of the pavement surface texture of the specimen. Subsequently, a shape index was proposed and implemented in a statistical analysis to investigate its effect on pavement friction. The pavement surface friction was measured via the British pendulum test, which enables measurement to be performed in narrow areas, considering the limited size of the three-dimensionally printed specimens. On wet pavement surfaces, the pavement surface friction reduced significantly because of the water film, which intensified the effect of the pavement surface texture. Therefore, the pavement surface friction was measured under wet conditions. Accordingly, a BPN (wet) prediction model was proposed by statistically analyzing the relationship among the MTD, EAN, aggregate shape, and BPN (wet). RESULTS : Pavement surface friction is affected by adhesion and hysteresis, with hysteresis being the predominant factor under wet conditions. Because hysteresis is caused by the deformation of rubber, pavement surface friction can be secured through the formation of a pavement surface texture that causes rubber deformation. Hysteresis occurs through the function of macro-textures among pavement surface textures, and the effects of macro-texture factors such as the EAN, MTD, and aggregate shape on the BPN (wet) are as follows: 1) The MTD ranges set in this study are 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2, and under the experimental conditions, the BPN (wet) increases linearly with the MTD. 2) An optimum EAN is indicated when the BPN (wet) is the maximum, and the BPN decreases after its maximum value is attained. This may be because when the EAN increases excessively, the space for the rubber to penetrate decreases, thereby reducing the hysteresis. 3) The shape of the aggregate is closely related to the EAN; meanwhile, the maximum value of the pavement surface friction and the optimum EAN change depending on the aggregate shape. This is believed to be due to changes in the rubber penetration volume based on the aggregate shape. Based on the results above, a statistical prediction model for the BPN (wet) is proposed using the MTD, EAN, and shape index as variables. CONCLUSIONS : The EAN, MTD, and aggregate shape are crucial factors in predicting skid resistance. Notably, the EAN and aggregate shape, which are not incorporated into existing pavement surface ...

하트의 ‘개방적 구조’에 관한 연구

권경휘 경북대학교 법학연구원 2011 법학논고 Vol.0 No.37

This study considered a concept of open texture presented in H. L. A. Hart’s The Concept of Law. It reviewed the context that Hart had used open texture and minutely analyzed his explanation about open texture. Through this, the study showed how Hart is explaining problem of vagueness in legal interpretation through open texture. Hart argued based on open texture that vague cases are few and a judge uses discretion for these cases. Hart reveals that idea called open texture is adopted from F. Waismann. However, the study showed two discussions are similar but different by comparing Waismann’s explanation of open texture with Hart’s. In other words, open texture of Waismann deals with the case that rules of language could not prepare but Hart tried to explain less radical case by using open texture. This difference occurred because Hart adopted a paradigm case and associated it with intention of a legislator for explaining open texture. The answer that intention of a legislator confirms the meaning of term falls into a new question “how can all judges equally understand intention of a legislator for a certain rule?” Therefore, in order for open texture to have legal meaning, a paradigm case must be adopted and open texture must be restored by explaining the case that our language rule could not predict through removing it from association with intention of a legislator. If it is restore like this, then of course, open texture will conform to very small cases than Hart had argued. If open texture is modified more radically then problem of legal indeterminacy can’t be explained with open texture. As Dworkin points out through semantic sting argument and Hart concedes, legal indeterminacy occurs from general standards such as ‘rational’ in addition to open texture. Hart underestimated the role of general standards in problem of legal indeterminacy. However, problem of legal indeterminacy must be explained with general standards and open texture. 이 글에서는 하트(H. L. A. Hart)의 『법의 개념』에 나타난 개방적 구조(open texture)의 개념을 다루었다. 필자는 하트가 개방적 구조를 사용한 문맥을 검토하고 개방적 구조에 대한 그의 설명을 자세히 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 필자는 하트가 개방적 구조를 통하여 법해석에 있어서 모호성(vagueness)의 문제를 어떻게 설명하고 있는지 보여주었다. 하트는 개방적 구조를 근거로 모호한 사례가 소수에 불과하고 그 경우에는 법관이 재량행위(discretion)를 하게 된다고 주장하였다. 하트는 개방적 구조라는 아이디어를 바이스만(F. Waismann)으로부터 받아들였다고 밝히고 있다. 그러나 필자는 개방적 구조에 대한 바이스만의 설명을 하트의 것과 비교함으로써 두 논의가 서로 비슷하지만 다르다는 것을 보였다. 즉 바이스만의 개방적 구조는 언어의 규칙들이 예비하지 못한 경우를 다루고 있지만 하트는 개방적 구조를 사용하여 보다 덜 극단적인 상황을 설명하고자 하였다. 이러한 차이는 하트가 개방적 구조를 설명함에 있어서 모범례(paradigm case)를 도입하고 그것을 입법자의 의도와 결부시켰기 때문에 발생한 것이다. 입법자의 의도가 용어의 의미를 확정한다는 답변은 “모든 법관이 어떤 규칙의 입법자의 의도를 어떻게 동일하게 이해할 수 있는가?”라는 새로운 문제에 빠지고 만다. 따라서 개방적 구조가 법에 있어서 의미를 가지려면, 모범례를 도입하고 그것을 입법자의 의도와 결부시킨 것을 제거하여 개방적 구조를 우리의 언어 규칙이 예상하지 못하였던 경우를 설명하는 것으로 복원하여야 할 것이다. 물론 이렇게 복원시키게 되면 개방적 구조는 하트가 주장했던 것보다 훨씬 더 극소수의 경우에만 해당하게 될 것이다. 개방적 구조를 그렇게 더 극단적인 것으로 수정한다면 법에 있어서 비결정성의 문제는 개방적 구조만으로는 설명할 수 없을 것이다. 법의 비결정성의 문제는 개방적 구조뿐만 아니라 ‘합리성’, ‘종교의 자유’, ‘공정성’ 등과 같은 일반적 기준들에 의해서도 일어나며, 후자의 경우가 더 핵심적인 것이다. 그러므로 법의 비결정성의 문제는 개방적 구조뿐만 아니라 일반적인 기준들에 의해서 설명되어야만 한다.

Dynamic deformation behavior and microstructural evolution during high-speed rolling of Mg alloy having non-basal texture

Kim, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Jeong Hun,Lee, Chong Soo,Yoon, Jonghun,Park, Sung Hyuk Elsevier 2019 Journal of materials science & technology Vol.35 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The dynamic deformation behaviors and resultant microstructural variations during high-speed rolling (HSR) of a Mg alloy with a non-basal texture are investigated. To this end, AZ31 alloy samples in which the basal poles of most grains are predominantly aligned parallel to the transverse direction (TD) are subjected to hot rolling with different reductions at a rolling speed of 470 m/min. The initial grains with a TD texture are favorable for {10–12} twinning under compression along the normal direction (ND); as a result, {10–12} twins are extensively formed in the material during HSR, and this consequently results in a drastic evolution of texture from the TD texture to the ND texture and a reduction in the grain size. After the initial grains are completely twinned by the {10–12} twinning mechanism, {10–11} contraction twins and {10–11}-{10–12} double twins are formed in the {10–12} twinned grains by further deformation. Since the contraction twins and double twins have crystallographic orientations that are favorable for basal slip during HSR, dislocations easily accumulate in these twins and fine recrystallized grains nucleate in the twins to reduce the increased internal strain energy. Until a rolling reduction of 20%, {10–12} twinning is the main mechanism governing the microstructural change during HSR, and subsequently, the microstructural evolution is dominated by the formation of contraction twins and double twins and the dynamic recrystallization in these twins. With an increase in the rolling reduction, the average grain size and internal strain energy of the high-speed-rolled (HSRed) samples decrease and the basal texture evolves from the TD texture to the ND texture more effectively. As a result, the 80% HSRed sample, which is subjected to a large strain at a high strain rate in a single rolling pass, exhibits a fully recrystallized microstructure consisting of equiaxed fine grains and has an ND basal texture without a TD texture component.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mg alloy with a TD texture is subjected to high-speed rolling with different reductions. </LI> <LI> {10–12} twinning is the main deformation mechanism under 20% reduction rolling. </LI> <LI> Thereafter, dynamic recrystallization in contraction and double twins is predominant. </LI> <LI> Initial TD texture is weakened and a ND texture is strengthened with increasing reduction. </LI> <LI> 80% HSRed sample exhibits a fully recrystallized structure with a strong ND texture. </LI> </UL> </P>

제주 해안의 지질 표면 질감(Texture)을 활용한 세라믹 패턴 개발 연구

이은비,오창윤 한국도자학회 2016 한국도자학연구 Vol.13 No.3

The purpose of the study is to develop a ceramic pattern using the surface texture from Jeju Island, which is peculiar due to its formation process, and to express the original texture characteristics of the island, as well as the possibility for new ceramic expression. Jeju Island is a beautiful volcanic island created from numerous volcanic eruptions, and possesses various kinds of geological landscape due to weathering and erosions of the terrains. The volcanic eruptions in the past provided the background for the island to have peculiar geological features. Recently, the geological features in the island’s coast is being esteemed for its cultural value, while various studies are being conducted regarding the same. Upon examining the utilization of ceramics in such circumstances, the texture expression of coastal geology is only understood as the surface texture of basalt. In other words, the texture of the geological surface in ceramic expression is expressed only as a cross-sectional image, by simply churning out the texture of geological surface repeatedly. This is regarded as a reason why the variety of expressing the island’s characteristics cannot be achieved. Therefore, the scope of the study was set as the geology of the coast in Jeju Island, and the following process was given to suggest the development of a ceramic pattern which utilizes the original texture of Jeju Island. First, the geological textures, which are used in this study, were selected based on the discussion on the formation of Jeju Island, and were printed out. The surface textures of Jeju’s coastal area were mostly strong or rough, with pores on them. In some textures, the size of pores was small, and the surface was soft. Second, the printed textures underwent primary pattern development through plastering. Total 6 patterns were developed as a result. Third, the primarily developed patterns were recombined to develop new ceramic patterns. In this stage, the textures, were classified into either rough ones or soft ones, depending on the solidification rate and by the shape of pores, to consider the utilization of pattern in the future. Also, it was found from this stage, that the texture of coastal surface alone can be used for the development of ceramic patterns, through the contrast and arrangement of the textures obtained in this study. Fourth, by applying the developed ceramic pattern to the actual pottery, a new possibility was suggested for expressing the pottery through the development of pattern. The present study, which conducted the development of ceramic pattern by utilizing the surface texture of Jeju Island’s coast, showed that the development of ceramic pattern can be achieved by using merely the geological surface texture. Also, the study showed that the ceramic pattern developed as a result represents the uniqueness of Jeju Island. The study also tried to search the variety of ceramic expression, through numerous type of recominbation. 본 연구는 제주의 형성과정으로 인해 다른 표면 질감을 나타내고 있는 해안 지질의 표면질감(Texture)을 이용한 세라믹 패턴 개발을 진행하여, 제주만의 독특한 질감 표현과 도자표현의 새로운 가능성을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 제주도는 여러 차례 화산분출에 의해 형성된 섬으로, 풍화와 침식 작용 등에 영향으로 다양한 지질의 모습을 이루고 있는 아름다운 화산섬이다. 화산 폭발은 제주에 있어 독특한 지질형상이 존재하게 되는 배경이 되었다. 최근, 제주해안 지질 형상은 문화적으로 그 가치를 인정받고 있으며, 이와 관련한 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이런 상황에서 도자 영역의 활용성을보면 해안 지질의 질감 표현을 구멍이 있는 현무암의 표면 질감으로만 이해하고 있다. 도자표현에 있어 지질 표면 질감표현을 단순히 반복적 형태로 찍어내어 단면적인 이미지로 표현하고있다. 이와 같은 점은 제주특성 표현의 다양성을 이루지 못하고 있는 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 제주 해안에 분포하고 있는 해안 지질이란 범위를 설정하고 다음과 같은 과정을 거쳐 표면질감(Texture)을 활용한 세라믹 패턴을 개발하여 제시하였다. 연구과정은 우선, 제주 생성환경에 대한 고찰을 바탕으로 본 연구에 활용할 지질 표면질감을선정하여 질감을 찍어내는 과정을 거쳤다. 제주 해안 지질 표면 질감은 대체로 기공 형상의 강한 질감이 대부분이었고 일부에서 기공이 작고 표면의 매끄러운 질감을 발견 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 찍어낸 표면질감을 석고작업과정을 통해 1차 패턴 개발을 진행하였다. 셋째, 1차 개발한 패턴을 다양하게 재조합하는 과정으로 새로운 세라믹 패턴개발을 진행하여6개의 패턴을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 응결속도와 기공 형상에 따른 다양한 표면질감의 강함과 약함으로 분류하여 재조합함으로서 향후, 패턴 활용성을 고려하여 진행하였다. 또한 질감의대비와 배치 등에 의해 해안표면 질감 자체만 가지고 세라믹 패턴 개발이 가능하다는 결과를도출할 수 있었다. 넷째, 개발한 세라믹 패턴을 이용하여 실제 도예작용에 적용시켜봄으로서 패턴 개발을 통한도예 작업 표현의 새로운 가능성을 제시하였다. 제주 해안 지질 표면질감을 활용하여 세라믹 패턴을 개발한 본 연구는 지질 표면 질감(Texture)만으로 세라믹 패턴 개발이 가능하다는 것을 밝힌 점, 개발한 세라믹 패턴으로 제주적인 특수성을 보여준 점, 개발 패턴의 다양한 조합과 변형을 통해 도예표현의 다양성을 모색한점이 본 연구의 성과이다.

Texture Descriptor for Texture-Based Image Retrieval and Its Application in Computer-Aided Diagnosis System

뮤잠멜(Khairul Muzzammil Saipullah),팽소호(Shao-Hu Peng),김덕환(Deok-Hwan Kim) 대한전자공학회 2010 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.47 No.4

질감 정보는 객체 인식과 분류에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 정확한 질환 판별을 위해 분류에서 사용되는 질감 특징은 식별성이 높아야 한다. 본 논문에서는 질감-기반 영상 검색 및 폐기종 진단을 위해 컴퓨터 조력진단(Computer-Aided Diagnosis) 시스템을 위한 새로운 질감 기술자를 제안한다. 제안한 질감 기술자는 이웃화소간의 차이값과 중심화소와 이웃화소간의 차이 값의 결합에 기반을 두고 있어 결합된 주변화소 차이(Combined Neighborhood Difference CND)라고 한다. 화소들간의 CND는 비교후 이진 코드워드로 변환된다. 그다음에, 식별성이 높은 값을 생성하기 위하여 이진 계수가 코드워드에 할당된다. 이와 같은 값들의 분포가 계산되어 질감 특징 벡터를 구성한다. Outex와 Brodatz 데이터집합을 이용한 질감 특징 분류에 관련하여 CND는 92.5%의 정확성을 보이는 데 비해, LBP, LND와 Gabor 픽터는 89.3%, 90.7%와 83.6%의 정확성을 각각 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 CND를 이용한 폐기종의 진단 기능을 CAD 시스템에서 구현하였다. Texture information plays an important role in object recognition and classification. To perform an accurate classification, the texture feature used in the classification must be highly discriminative. This paper presents a novel texture descriptor for texture-based image retrieval and its application in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for Emphysema classification. The texture descriptor is based on the combination of local surrounding neighborhood difference and centralized neighborhood difference and is named as Combined Neighborhood Difference (CND). The local differences of surrounding neighborhood difference and centralized neighborhood difference between pixels are compared and converted into binary codewords. Then binomial factor is assigned to the codewords in order to convert them into high discriminative unique values. The distribution of these unique values is computed and used as the texture feature vectors. The texture classification accuracies using Outex and Brodatz dataset show that CND achieves an average of 92.5%, whereas LBP, LND and Gabor filter achieve 89.3%, 90.7% and 83.6%, respectively. The implementations of CND in the computer-aided diagnosis of Emphysema is also presented in this paper.

Base Make-up에 나타난 Skin Texture에 관한 연구

한명숙 한국메이크업디자인학회 2007 한국메이크업디자인학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Base makeup implies the foundation makeup. In other words, as the base mainly that allows the skin texture to be shown evenly, or that makes the expression of a face, it is the makeup that increases a visual impact while forming harmony depending on quantity and texture with makeup base, foundation, concealer, and face powder, which are applied to the surface of a face. Accordingly, this study analyzed several skin textures that were shown in base makeup. The kinds in skin textures, which were shown in base makeup, were analyzed to be ① Matte in a meaning of having no luster and shine ② Dry in a meaning of being dried ③ Glossy in a meaning of having the best shine and moisture and of being sticky ④ Glitter in a meaning of being the glistening colorful brilliance ⑤ Metallic in a meaning of being metrial ⑥ Frost in a meaning of being the best brilliance and pearl shine ⑦ Shinny in a meaning of being brilliant and gorgeous ⑧ Shimmer in a meaning of being the faintly glimmering light ⑨ Velvet in a meaning of being smooth and soft ⑩ Dewy in a meaning of being moist and vivid ⑪ Sheer in a meaning of being perfect, pure and transparent ⑫ Satin in a meaning of being smooth and glossy. And, this is thought to be segmented further and to be changed in detail. Regarding the results that analyzed several kinds of skin textures in base makeup, in consequence of analyzing correlation between skin texture and image in makeup, first, the matte and dry texture showed correlation with elegance image. Second, the glossy texture showed correlation with sexy image. Third, the glitter, metallic, and frost texture showed correlation with futuristic image. Fourth, the shiny, velvet, and shimmer texture showed correlation with romantic image. Fifth, the dewy, sheer, and satin texture showed correlation with clear image. The skin texture is analyzed to be an important element that adds an effect of producing image while harmonizing with the point makeup(eyes, eyebrows, and lips).