Direct Headspace Sampling 방법을 이용한 당근의 휘발성 Terpenoids 분석에 관한 연구

박용,류장발,박상규,박신,Park, Yong,Ryu, Jang-Bal,Park, Sang-Gyu,Park, Shin 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.4

고품질 당근을 육성하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 당근의 휘발성 terpenoids를 GC 분석으로 측정하였다. 여러가지 휘발성 terpenoids 표준물질을 DHS(direct headspace sampling)방법으로 검출한 결과 ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene 의 7가지 성분이 명확히 분리되었으나, ${\alpha}-phellandrene$은 ${\beta}-myrcene$으로부터 분리되지 않았다. 또한 terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate, ${\alpha}-bisbolol$ 등 비등점이 높은 물질은 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 7가지 terpenoids 성분의 표준곡선은 결정계수$(r^2)$가 전부 0.99 이상으로서 고도로 유의한 표준곡선이었다. DHS 방법을 통한 본실험의 재현성을 측정한 결과, ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, total terpenoids의 변이 계수(C.V.)가 각각 6.8, 6.8, 8.4, 7.1, 3.8, 10.1, 7.1%로 $3.8{\sim}10.1%$의 범위를 나타내었다. 세계적으로 많이 재배되는 당근 65품종에 대한 ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, total terpenoids를 측정한 결과, 각각 $0.28{\sim}2.48\;ppm$, $0.35{\sim}1.87\;ppm$, $0.56{\sim}1.51\;ppm$, 0 ppm, $0.59{\sim}1.84\;ppm$, $0.87{\sim}3.33\;ppm$, $5.15{\sim}35.81\;ppm$, $9.07{\sim}42.30\;ppm$으로서 품종에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였다. Total terpenoids 의 경우 65품종 중 5품종(7.7%)이 10 ppm미만이고, 15품종(23.1%)이 $10{\sim}11.99\;ppm$, 14품종(21.5%)이 $12{\sim}13.99\;ppm$, 9품종(13.8%)이 $14{\sim}15.99\;ppm$, 10품종(15.4%)이 $16{\sim}17.99\;ppm$, 4품종(6.2%)이 $18{\sim}19.99\;ppm$, 5품종(7.7%)이 $20{\sim}29.99\;ppm$, 3품종(4.6%)이 30 ppm 이상이었다. 전반적으로 일본에서 육성된 품종이 구미에서 육성되어 보급되고 있는 품종들에 비해 total terpenoids 함량이 낮은 편이었다. Volatile terpenoids of carrots were measured by the direct headspace sampling method(DHS) with gas chromatography as a study for the breeding of high quality carrots. Using this method, 7 terpenoids such as ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, and terpinolene were clearly separated. However ${\alpha}-phellandrene$ was not clearly separated from ${\beta}-myrcene$. In addition to this, higher boiling point compounds such as terpinen-4-ol, bornyl acetate, and ${\alpha}-bisbolol$ were not found. The coefficients of $determination(r^2)$ for the 7 terpenoids were higher than 0.99 and the standard curves were highly significant. Four replicated samples using this method demonstrated great reproducibility; the coefficidnt of variation (C.V.) for ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, and total terpenoids were 6.8, 6.8, 8.4, 7.1, 3.8, 10.1, 7.1%. Sixty five carrot cultivars breeded worldwide were evaluated for the 7 terpenoids and total terpenoids; the range for ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\alpha}-terpinene$, limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, terpinolene, and total terpenoids were $0.28{\sim}2.48\;ppm$, $0.35{\sim}1.87\;ppm$, $0.56{\sim}1.51\;ppm$, 0 ppm, $0.59{\sim}1.84\;ppm$, $0.87{\sim}3.33\;ppm$, $5.15{\sim}35.81\;ppm$, and $9.07{\sim}42.30\;ppm$, respectively. Big differences in each terpenoid and total terpenoids were found among cultivars. On the total terpenoids of the 65 cultivars, 5 cultivars(7.7%) contained less than 10 ppm, 15 cultivars (23.1%) $10{\sim}11.99\;ppm$, 14 cultivars(21.5%) $12{\sim}13.99\;ppm$, 9 cultivars(13.8%) $14{\sim}15.99\;ppm$, 10 cultivars(15.4%) $16{\sim}17.99\;ppm$, 4 cultivars(6.2%) $18{\sim}19.99\;ppm$, 5 cultivars(7.7%) $20{\sim}29.99\;ppm$, and 3 cultivars(4.6%) were higher than 30 ppm. Generally, cultivars developed in Japan contained less total terpenoids than cultivars developed in Europe and America.

당근 가공시 열처리 조건에 따른 휘발성 Terpenoids 함량 비교

박신,Park, Sin 한국생명과학회 2002 생명과학회지 Vol.12 No.5

당근의 열처리 조건에 따른 휘발성 terpenoids 함량의 변화를 조사하였는데, 열처리 온도가 높을수록 휘발성 terpenoids가 많이 감소하였으며, 열처리 시간에 따른 휘발성 terpenoids는 $\alpha$-pinene 및 total terpenoids의 경우 최초 30분 동안 급속히 감속하였으며, 그 후 시간이 지남에 따라 감소율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다 당근주스의 살균 온도별, 시간별 휘발성 terpenoids의 변화를 조사한 결과, 살균온도가 높을수록 휘발성 terpenoids 함량이 빠른 속도로 감소함을 보여주고 있으며, 살균시간에 따른 휘발성 terpenoids의 함량은 최초 20분간 급속히 감소하다가 이후에는 완만하게 감소하였다. Total terpenoids의 경우 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 살균했을 시 6$0^{\circ}C$ 및 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 살균했을 시 보다 더 많이 감소하였는데, 당근주스의 휘발성terpenoids 함량을 줄이기 위해서는 고온단시간 살균이 저온장시간 살균보다 더 유리하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Changes in the content of volatile terpenoids were investigated with heat-treated carrot. As heat treatment temperature became higher, the amount of volatile terpenoids decreased significantly. According to heat-treatment period, the volatile terpenoids, a-pinene and total terpenoids, decreased drastically during the initial 30-minutes of heat treatment but the rate of decrease slowed down afterwards. When changes in the content of volatile terpenoids in carrot juice were investigated according to sterilization temperature and period, the content decreased quickly with higher sterilization temperature. According to sterilization period, the content of volatile terpenoids decreased drastically during the initial 20-minutes of sterilization but decreased gradually afterwards. The amount of total terpenoids decreased more when sterilization was done at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes compared to sterilization at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. In order to reduce the amount of volatile terpenoids in carrot juice, sterilization at high temperature for a short period of time would be more effective compared with sterilization at low temperature for a long period of time.

삼나무 건조 중 발생하는 휘발성 유기화합물 Terpenoids의 분석

이수연 ( Su Yeon Lee ),곽기섭 ( Ki Seob Gwak ),김선홍 ( Seon Hong Kim ),이전제 ( Jun Jae Lee ),여환명 ( Hwan Myeong Yeo ),최인규 ( In Gyu Choi ) 한국목재공학회 2010 목재공학 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 삼나무의 건조 중 발생하는 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 중 terpenoids 성분을 분석하기 위해 thermal extractor를 이용하였다. 기존의 건조 조건을 고려하여 27°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C에서 실험을 실시한 결과 온도 조건이 높아질수록 VOCs와 terpenoids의 방산량이 증가하였다. 방산된 VOCs 중 terpenoids 화합물이 차지하는 비율은 각각의 온도에 대해 87.5%, 81.6%, 83.6%, 90.1%, 97.3%로 특히 100°C와 120°C에서는 90% 이상의 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 상대적으로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 성분은 δ-cadinene이었으며 이 외에도 총 32종류의 다양한 terpenoids 성분이 검출되었다. 특히 방산된 성분들은 모두 탄소 15개로 이루어진 sesquiterpene 류에 속하는 성분으로서 삼나무를 이루는 주요 성분임을 확인하였다. 방산된 sesquiterpenes 화합물의 이용을 모색하고자 피부사상균에 대한 항진균 활성을 한천희석법을 이용하여 평가해 보았다. 그 결과 공시 균주 Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum에 대해 모두 활성을 나타냈다. 시료의 농도가 5000 ppm일 때에는 3 균주에 대해 모두 100%의 활성을 나타냈으며 1000 ppm일 때에는 95.2%, 98.7%, 97.3%의 활성을, 100 ppm일 때에는 90.5%, 43.6%, 85.9%의 활성을 각각 보였다. The aim of this study was to investigate the terpenoids of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released during drying of Cryptomeria japonica using the thermal extractor (TE). Considering the drying process of C. japonica, temperatures of TE were set at 27°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C, respectively. As the result, the emission factors of VOCs and terpenoids were increased as temperature increased. The amount of terpenoids included in VOCs emission factors were 87.5%, 81.6%, 83.6%, 90.1%, and 97.3% depending on above temperatures, respectively. Especially at 100°C and 120°C, the amount of terpenoids were measured more than 90%. δ-cadinene was the highest yield at each temperature and 32 types of terpenoids were collected. Emitted terpenoids were classified into the sesquiterpene group which consists of 15 carbon sources. These 32 sesquiterpenes were used for determining the useful bioactivity such as antifungal activity by the agar dilution. As the result, they showed the antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum. The 5,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids showed a strong activity with 100% against the 3 fungi. At the 1,000 ppm concentration of terpenoids, the antifungal activities against three fungi were 95.2%, 98.7%, and 97.3%, and their activities were a little inhibited at 100 ppm concentration.

품종, 숙기 및 근중이 당근의 휘발성 terpenoids 함량에 미치는 영향

박용,박신 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.5

Effects of variety, maturity and root size on volatile terpenoids content in carrots were investigated. In order to investigate the influence of variety on the volatile terpenoids, eleven F₁ hybrid varieties were analysed. The contents of the important individual terpenes, α -pinene, β -pinene and terpenolene, were ranged from 0.26 to 2.04, 0.31 to 0.70, 4.41 to 16.39 ppm, respectively, and total terpenoids contents 6.67 to 23.44 ppm. Great differences in the contents of α -pinene, terpenolene and total terpenoids were among varieties. In order to study the influence of maturity on the volatile terpenoids, three varieties were cultivated at three locations and harvested four times. Total terpenoids of carrots harvested at 13 weeks after sowing were highest and those of carrots harvested at 21 and 23 weeks after sowing were decreased remarkably and those of carrots harvested at 25 weeks after sowing were increased again. In order to study the influence of root size on the volatile terpenoids, three varieties were cultivated at three locations. Total terpenoids content of large and small carrots were similar to each other.

Comparative Analysis of Terpenoids in in vitro Culture Media of Metabolically Engineered Transgenic and Wild Type Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.)

Young-Min Kang,Dong-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Song,Ho-Seop Ma,Chandrakant Karigar,Myung-Suk Choi 韓國藥用作物學會 2012 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.20 No.5

IPP isomerase (Iso) and Limonene synthase (Limo) are important enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway. The wild type and each metabolically engineered (Iso and Limo) transgenic spearmint (Mentha spicata Linne) plants were compared for their growth patterns and the contents of essential oil in in vitro culture media. The profile of terpenoid metabolites was obtained from the essential oil of the metabolically engineered transgenic spearmint, which was extracted using a modified SDE method, by GC-MS analysis. The growth of wild spearmint was more profuse in B5 culture medium than in other media. Significant differences in leaf and root growth patterns were observed between metabolically engineered transgenic and wild type spearmint plants. The leaves of the transgenic spearmint plants were slightly elongated but were dramatically narrower than those of wild type spearmints. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint was different slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. The content of essential oils in Limo transgenic plants was higher than that of Iso, except for transgenic plant in B5 medium. The transgenic spearmint produced more terpenoids than the wild type. Iso spearmint extracts showed eleven terpenoids and a phenylpropane, while Limo spearmint extracts contained nine terpenoids. However, extracts from the wild type showed the presence of only four terpenoids.

Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물의 첨가가 반추위 발효와 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향

황희순,하동욱,이수경,이일동,이신자,이성실,Hwang, Hee-Soon,Ha, Dong-Uk,Lee, Su-Kyoung,Lee, Il-Dong,Lee, Shin-Ja,Lee, Sung-Sill 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물을 이용하여 in vitro 반추위 발효성상 및 메탄생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 반추위액은 티머시(timothy)와 농후사료를 6:4의 비율로 급여한 반추위 cannula가 시술된 한우 암소에서 채취하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 식물추출물은 박하(Mint), 소나무(Pine), 삼나무(Japan cedar), 초피나무(Sichuan pepper), 편백(Hinoki cypress) 그리고 해송(Japanese black pine)을 사용하였으며, 반추위액과 McDougall buffer를 1:2의 비율로 혼합한 배양액을 0.3g 티머시와 식물 추출물(기질의 5%)이 담긴 50ml serum bottle에 혐기상태로 15ml를 분주하였다. Serum bottle은 $39^{\circ}C$, 150rpm으로 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 및 72시간 동안 배양하였다. 실험 결과 pH 값은 점점 감소하였으며, 전 배양시간에 걸쳐 대조구보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 건물 소화율은 배양 3시간대는 Mint 처리구만 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으나, 이후 24시간까지 모든 처리구에서 유의성이 없었다. 총 가스발생량은 전 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았으며, 이산화탄소 발생량은 배양 12시간대까지 감소하였으나, 그 이후는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 메탄 발생량의 경우 24시간대에 대조구에 비해 모든 첨가구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 미생물 성장량은 첨가구에 따라 각각 다른 양상을 나타냈으나 24시간대는 모든 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 성장량이 감소하였다. 암모니아 측정량은 배양 12시간부터 첨가구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 72시간대는 감소하였다. acetic acid 및 propionic acid도 대조구보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 실험에 사용한 Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물 6종 모두 소화율에 영향을 미치지 않으며 메탄저감 효과를 나타내었다. 특히 Mint 및 Pine 추출물은 총 VFA, acetic acid 및 propionic acid의 생성을 증가시켰으며 상기의 결과를 종합하였을 때, 반추위 발효성상에 악영향을 미치지 않으며 메탄 발생을 저감하는 식물 추출물로는 Mint 및 Pine이 적합하다고 생각된다. This study was conducted to investigate effects of terpenoids-rich plant extracts (TRPE) on the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production. The ruminal fluid was collected from a cannulated Hanwoo cow fed concentrate and timothy in the ratio of 6 to 4. The TRPE as Mint (Mentha arvensis var. piperascens), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Japan cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtuse) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) were used in this study. The 15 mL of mixture, contains McDougall buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio of 2 to 1. The mixture was dispensed anaerobically 50 mL serum bottles and it is contained 0.3 g timothy substrate and 5% TRPE. The bottles were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH value decrease by increased incubation times and the pH values at all times were significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in control. The digestibility of dry matter at 3 hours was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mint treatment than in control. Productions of total gas and carbon dioxide at before 12 hours was significantly lower (p<0.05) in treatments than in control. The methane production at 24 hours was significantly (p<0.05) lower in treatments than in control. The concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid at 24 hours were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mint and pine treatments than in control. In conclusion, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts were shown to decreased methane emission and without adversely affected ruminal fermentation. Therefore, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts as mint and pine were shown to decreased methane production and it has potential possibility for ruminal fermentations.

Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물의 첨가가 반추위 발효와 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향

황희순,하동욱,이수경,이일동,이신자,이성실 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물을 이용하여 in vitro 반추위 발효성상 및 메탄생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 반추위액은 티머시(timothy)와 농후사료를 6:4의 비율로 급여한 반추위 cannula가 시술된 한우 암소에서 채취하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 식물 추출물은 박하(Mint), 소나무(Pine), 삼나무(Japan cedar), 초피나무(Sichuan pepper), 편백(Hinoki cypress) 그리고 해송(Japanese black pine)을 사용하였으며, 반추위액과 McDougall buffer를 1:2의 비율로 혼합한 배양액을 0.3g 티머시와 식물 추출물(기질의 5%)이 담긴 50ml serum bottle에 혐기상태로 15ml를 분주하였다. Serum bottle은 39℃, 150rpm으로 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 및 72시간 동안 배양하였다. 실험 결과 pH 값은 점점 감소하였으며, 전 배양시간에 걸쳐 대조구보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 건물 소화율은 배양 3시간대는 Mint 처리구만 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았으나, 이후 24시간까지 모든 처리구에서 유의성이 없었다. 총 가스 발생량은 전 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았으며, 이산화탄소 발생량은 배양 12시간대까지 감소하였으나, 그 이후는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 메탄 발생량의 경우 24시간대에 대조구에 비해 모든 첨가구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 미생물 성장량은 첨가구에 따라 각각 다른 양상을 나타냈으나 24시간대는 모든 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 성장량이 감소하였다. 암모니아 측정량은 배양 12시간부터 첨가구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 72시간대는 감소하였다. acetic acid 및 propionic acid도 대조구보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 실험에 사용한 Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물 6종 모두 소화율에 영향을 미치지 않으며 메탄저감 효과를 나타내었다. 특히 Mint 및 Pine 추출물은 총 VFA, acetic acid 및 propionic acid의 생성을 증가시켰으며 상기의 결과를 종합하였을 때, 반추위 발효성상에 악영향을 미치지 않으며 메탄 발생을 저감하는 식물 추출물로는 Mint 및 Pine이 적합하다고 생각된다. This study was conducted to investigate effects of terpenoids-rich plant extracts (TRPE) on the in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production. The ruminal fluid was collected from a cannulated Hanwoo cow fed concentrate and timothy in the ratio of 6 to 4. The TRPE as Mint (Mentha arvensis var. piperascens), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Japan cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtuse) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) were used in this study. The 15 mL of mixture, contains McDougall buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio of 2 to 1. The mixture was dispensed anaerobically 50 mL serum bottles and it is contained 0.3 g timothy substrate and 5% TRPE. The bottles were incubated at 39℃ for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH value decrease by increased incubation times and the pH values at all times were significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in control. The digestibility of dry matter at 3 hours was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mint treatment than in control. Productions of total gas and carbon dioxide at before 12 hours was significantly lower (p<0.05) in treatments than in control. The methane production at 24 hours was significantly (p<0.05) lower in treatments than in control. The concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid at 24 hours were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mint and pine treatments than in control. In conclusion, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts were shown to decreased methane emission and without adversely affected ruminal fermentation. Therefore, the terpenoid-rich plant extracts as mint and pine were shown to decreased methane production and it has potential possibility for ruminal fermentations.

아로마테라피용 배초향(Agastache rugosa) 줄기의 방향성 정유 성분

김정미,Kim, Jeong-Mee 한국식생활문화학회 2021 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the flavoral essential oil components in the stems of Agastache rugosa. These components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The stems of Agastache rugosa were contained alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acid esters, and terpenoids. The peak area (%) of estragole was highest among its oil components and the next were pulegone and menthone. The terpenoid alcohols found were 1-octen-3-ol, chavicol, spatulenol, 3-hexen-1-ol, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, methyl eugenol, and octaethyllene glycol. The stems also contained ketones such as pulegone, menthone, cis-isopulegone, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, 3-octanone, 1-cyclohexanone, isoindole-1-one, t-ionone, inden-2-one, as well as the aldehydes of 4-methoxycinnam and benzaldehyde. The following esters were also detected 1-isopulegone-3-yl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, acetate and benzendicarboxylic acid ester. The terpenoids in the stems were identified as caryophyllene, limonene, cyclohexasiloxane-D, germacrene-D, anethole, cadinene, muurolene, and bourbonene. Overall Agastache rugosa contained several functional oil components including phenylpropanoids and terpenoids as flavoral essential oil components for natural aromatherapy.

Enhancing Production of Terpenoids in Metabolically Engineered Transgenic Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) by Salt and Fungal Elicitors

Choi, Myung Suk,Park, Dong Jin,Song, Hyun Jin,Min, Ji Yun,Kang, Seung Mi,Lee, Chong Kyu,Cho, Kye Man,Karigar, Chandrakant,Kim, Ho Kyoung,Kang, Young Min Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

Forest tree species usually takes for long periods to be harvested and cultivated but spearmints are a good model system for woody plant because of reducing and shortening cultivation time. Spearmints are good model plants (Mentha species) for research about terpenoids production and industrial essential oil manufacture. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Iso) and limonene synthase (Limo) are the key enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Transgenic and wild spearmints (Mentha spicata, MS) were cultured in vitro and assessed for the essential oil contents. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint also was enhanced slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. In an attempt to increase productivity of terpenoids further, salt and fungal elicitation strategy was adopted on transgenic Mentha spicata. The salt (800 mM NaCl) as abiotic and two fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata) as biotic were used for elicitors. In the absence of salt stress four terpenoids were detected from the spearmint extracts, all of them being monoterpenes. On the other hand, the transgenic (MSIso) extracts contained eleven terpenoids (10 monoterpenes and 1 phenylpropene) while transgenic (MSLimo) extracts contained seven monoterpenes. After 3 days of fungal infection, the resistance indices further increased to 4.38, 3.89 and 2.04 for wild type, MSIso and MSLimo, respectively. The salt and fungal elicitators proved beneficial towards modifying both the terpenoids profile and improvement in the composition of essential oil. These results have important applications for the large-scale production of essential oils and forest biotechnology with respect to spearmint.

Enhancing Production of Terpenoids in Metabolically Engineered Transgenic Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) by Salt and Fungal Elicitors

Myung Suk Choi,Dong Jin Park,Hyun Jin Song,Ji Yun Min,Seung Mi Kang,Chong Kyu Lee,Kye Man Cho,Chandrakant Karigar,Ho Kyoung Kim,Young Min Kang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2

Forest tree species usually takes for long periods to be harvested and cultivated but spearmints are a good model system for woody plant because of reducing and shortening cultivation time. Spearmints are good model plants (Mentha species) for research about terpenoids production and industrial essential oil manufacture. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Iso) and limonene synthase (Limo) are the key enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Transgenic and wild spearmints (Mentha spicata, MS) were cultured in vitro and assessed for the essential oil contents. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint also was enhanced slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. In an attempt to increase productivity of terpenoids further, salt and fungal elicitation strategy was adopted on transgenic Mentha spicata. The salt (800 mM NaCl) as abiotic and two fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata) as biotic were used for elicitors. In the absence of salt stress four terpenoids were detected from the spearmint extracts, all of them being monoterpenes. On the other hand, the transgenic (MSIso) extracts contained eleven terpenoids (10 monoterpenes and 1 phenylpropene) while transgenic (MSLimo) extracts contained seven monoterpenes. After 3 days of fungal infection, the resistance indices further increased to 4.38, 3.89 and 2.04 for wild type, MSIso and MSLimo, respectively. The salt and fungal elicitators proved beneficial towards modifying both the terpenoids profile and improvement in the composition of essential oil. These results have important applications for the large-scale production of essential oils and forest biotechnology with respect to spearmint.