동해안 탈굿의 변화양상과 요인

김신효(Kim Shinhyo) 한국무속학회 2008 한국무속학 Vol.0 No.16

동해안 별신굿에서 연행되는 탈굿은 현재 전승되고 있는 탈놀이 가운데 가장 현장감이 넘치고 끊임없이 재창조되고 있는 역동적 탈놀이이다. 오늘날 대부분의 탈놀이는 본래의 자생력을 상실한 것이 현실이다. 이에 비해 탈굿은 여전히 주민들의 생활현장인 굿판에서 살아 움직이는 실체로 존재한다. 이와 같은 탈굿의 변화양상과 요인을 살펴보는 것은 전승현장에서 이탈한 많은 연행민속이 단순히 재현되는 한계를 극복하고자 함이다. 탈굿의 변화양상과 요인을 보다 면밀하게 파악하기 위해서는 연행현장과 전승현장을 동시에 살펴야하며 특히 탈굿의 경우, 별신굿의 연행에 포함되어 있는 관계로 별신굿을 둘러싸고 있는 마을의 사회, 문화, 환경, 경제적인 여건들을 두루 살펴 볼 필요가 있다. 하지만 이 연구는 거시적인 변화보다는 탈굿의 연행내용에서 소도구의 변화에 이르기까지 실제 연행현장을 중심으로 나타나는 탈굿의 변화양상과 요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 탈굿은 끊임없는 변화를 지속해 왔기에 현재에도 활발하게 연행되고 있다. 그 변화의 중심에는 전승집단의 현실적응과 연행자들의 의도된 행동들이 갈무리 되어있다. 별신굿이 무형문화재로 지정됨에 따라 무집단은 국가로부터 인정받은 예술가로 인식하게 되고 탈굿을 비롯한 별신굿의 제차를 연행하는 것에 대해 자긍심을 갖고 있다. 이러한 변화는 탈굿에도 그대로 반영되고 있다. 또한 탈굿의 변화는 연행자의 개별적 특성에 의해 변화한다. 연행자의 연행능력은 탈굿에서 가장 크게 요구되는 조건이기 때문이다. 연행현장의 변화와 그에 따른 연행자의 자율적인 연행 역시 탈굿의 변화에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 그 가운데 관중의 개입은 언제나 흥미로우며 연행자의 즉각적인 대응과 맞물려 다양한 형태로 전개된다. 탈굿의 등장인물에서 부터 연행내용 및 의상과 소도구에 이르기 까지 이러한 변화를 둘러싼 여러 상호작용이야말로 오늘날까지 탈굿을 지속시켜온 요인인 동시에, 탈굿이 생생한 역동성을 발휘하여 진정 탈놀이다운 탈놀이가 될 수 있는 밑바탕이 된다. Tal-Gut performed in the Donghaean Byeolsingut is the most dynamic mask performance full of realism and recreated continuously in currently handed-down mask dances. Today most of mask dances lost the original autogenous power. On the other hand, the Tal-Gut still exists as a substance moving vividly in the dance field which is residents’ living field. The purpose of the study is to examine the changing patterns and its factors of the above Tal-Gut to overcome a limit which a lot of performance folk customs seceded from the traditional field are reappeared simply. To grasp the changing patterns and its factors of the Tal-Gut more minutely, we should examine performances and traditional field at once. Specially, in the event of the Tal-Gut, we have the necessity to examine social, cultural, environmental and economical conditions of a village around Byeolsingut thoroughly since it is included in performance of Byeolsingut. According to Byeolsingut was appointed to be an intangible cultural treasure, the shaman’s genealogy has a great deal of pride that they perform all processes of Byeolsingut including the Tal-Gut under their own recognition that they were artists recognized from the Korean government. Such a change is the result that identification of the shaman’s genealogy performing the Tal-Gut is reflected. Also, the change of the Tal-Gut is caused by individual characteristics of performers. For, their performing ability is the most necessary condition in the Tal-Gut. The change of performance field also has a lot of effects on the change of the Tal-Gut. Out of the performances, spectators’ intervention is always interesting and is developed in various ways with performers’ immediate countermeasure. Various interactions around such changes from characters of the Tal-Gut to performing contents, performing clothes and properties become the foundation to make a true mask performance by displaying the Tal-Gut’s vivid dynamics as well as factors making the Tal-Gut continued to perform until now.

Chosŏn Echoes of Tang Poetry - Translating Yi Tal's Hansi into English

류정민 어문연구학회 2024 어문연구 Vol.121 No.-

This study explores the challenges and potential solutions in translating Korean Hansi, specifically focusing on the works of Yi Tal (1539-1612), into English. Hansi, Korean poetry written in classical Chinese, presents a unique challenge due to its position at the intersection of Korean and Chinese literary traditions. The paper aims to develop a methodology for translating Hansi that preserves both its linguistic features and cultural nuances. The research begins by examining various translation theories and practices, particularly in the context of classical Chinese poetry translation. It discusses the tension between literal and interpretive translation approaches. The proposed approach distinguishes between imagistic and propositional language within the Recent-style Poetry structure. The method aims to preserve the structural integrity of the original while allowing for creative interpretation of imagery, thus bridging the gap between literal fidelity and poetic resonance. As specific examples, firstly, this paper examines the syntactic structure of Yi Tal's Hansi, considering how he used the enumeration of ‘nouns' to express concrete imagery. It also explores how these characteristics, when used alongside the narrative parts of the poem, create a unique aesthetic appeal. Secondly, the study investigates how Yi Tal effectively employed ‘sound' within the imagery of his poetry. By expressing not only pictorial images but also acoustic effects, he successfully conveyed complex imagery. Additionally, he arranged words based on Korean pronunciations of Chinese characters, allowing regional characteristics to emerge when the poems are recited. Lastly, the paper discusses poems where Yi Tal used Chinese historical allusions to express his own circumstances. When translating these characteristics of Yi Tal's poetry into English, the study contemplates methods to maximally express the formal features of the poems, the poet's intentions, and the aesthetic effects. This research shows how careful attention to both form and content can produce a translation that honors the original while engaging an English-language audience. The translation process considers the unique characteristics of Recent-style Poetry, including its strict structural format and the interplay between syntax and imagery. The paper also emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural and historical context in which the poetry was produced. Yi Tal's work, created during a time when Song-style poetry dominated in Chosŏn Korea, represents a deliberate return to Tang-style aesthetics. This contextual understanding is helpful for accurate and meaningful translation. This research highlights the ongoing relevance of classical poetry in contemporary cross-cultural communication. As global interest in Korean culture grows, translations of works like Yi Tal's Hansi can serve as bridges, offering insights into Korean literary traditions and their connections to broader East Asian cultural heritage.

Locality Condition on the cwu- ~ talAllomorphy of GIVE in Korean

Minjung Kim,Inkie Chung 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.3

Kim, Minjung, Chung, Inkie. 2017. Locality Condition on the cwu- ~ talAllomorphy of GIVE in Korean. Studies in Generative Grammar, 27-3, 611-630. This study argues that the verb form tal- is one of the suppletive allomorphs of the verb GIVE in Korean and presents a Distributed Morphology account for the suppletion of cwu- ~ tal- for GIVE and the locality mechanism related to this morphosyntactic alternation. First, this study provides the precise morphosyntactic environment of tal-. Second, it presents the situations where this expected suppletion is blocked by an intervening element between the root and the conditioning element(s). Then, it presents a Distributed Morphology analysis of the cwu- ~ talsuppletion. Based on these observations and analysis, we argue that the apparent long-distance conditioning of this tal- suppletion is actually limited within the domain of word as suggested by Bobaljik (2012).

A Novel Translocation t(1;5)(p32;q31) that Was Not Associated with the TAL1 Rearrangement in a Case of T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

조희순,김민경,배영경 대한진단검사의학회 2009 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.29 No.3

Chromosome 1 band p32 (1p32) aberrations are common in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). Two types of 1p32 aberrations include translocations with different partners and submicroscopic interstitial deletion. Both aberrations are known to result in TAL1 gene deregulation. The t(1;5)(p32;q31) is a rare translocation of 1p32 in T-ALL. We now present the second case of t(1;5)(p32; q31) in T-ALL, which was present as a primary cytogenetic abnormality, with a review of the relevant literature. Interestingly, neither the translocation of the TAL1 gene nor aberrant expression of TAL1 protein was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and by immunohistochemical staining in this case. Chromosome 1 band p32 (1p32) aberrations are common in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). Two types of 1p32 aberrations include translocations with different partners and submicroscopic interstitial deletion. Both aberrations are known to result in TAL1 gene deregulation. The t(1;5)(p32;q31) is a rare translocation of 1p32 in T-ALL. We now present the second case of t(1;5)(p32; q31) in T-ALL, which was present as a primary cytogenetic abnormality, with a review of the relevant literature. Interestingly, neither the translocation of the TAL1 gene nor aberrant expression of TAL1 protein was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and by immunohistochemical staining in this case.

탈코르셋을 그만둔 여성들: 동일시의 정치와 물화된 얼굴을 넘어서

박현아,이나은 한국문화사회학회 2023 문화와 사회 Vol.31 No.1

This study analyzes in-depth interview data from young feminist women in order to explain the weakening process of the once successful popular movement, Escape the Corset(“Tal-Corset” in Korean, where the word “tal” means “escape”). The Tal-Corset movement was founded on the premise that all women experienced ‘the same oppression’, and that to achieve liberation, everyone needed to strive towards ‘the same face’ through the lens of identity politics. To become a "true feminist," young feminists were required to actively embody the narrative of oppression and implement the face of Tal-Corset. ‘The corset display’ was adopted as an effective strategy in an era dominated by ‘the ethics of harmlessness’ which believes persuasion is violence. The belief in the homogeneity of female as victims was amplified by expectations of the effect of visibility, and expectations of the effect of visibility maintained the illusion of homogeneity. However, the fantasy of a homogeneous feminist face that did not tolerate other faces, was difficult to achieve, as it was as reified. Differences between women that were obscured by the single narrative of victimhood and the reified face became more and more apparent as the movement progressed. The movement inevitably excluded other faces because it did not imagine other faces of heterosexual, cisgender, non-disabled, middle-class, young women who were forced to wear the corset, and those who could take off the corset through the movement. By examining the experiences of the Tal-Corset movement participants who eventually left the movement, this study revealed that the very same strategy that popularized the Tal-Corset movement and the emotions and solidarity of feminists led to the weakening of the movement. At the same time, it was confirmed that the weakening of the movement was not simply a failure, but was connected to the imagination of other Tal-Corset‘s’ and feminism‘s’. 본 연구는 성공적인 대중 운동이었던 탈코르셋 운동이 약화하는 과정을 설명하고자, 탈코르셋 운동을 중단한 청년 페미니스트 여성들에 대한 심층인터뷰 자료를 분석하였다. 탈코르셋 운동은 모든 여성이 같은 억압에 처해있다는 전제에서 출발하여, 이러한 억압에서 해방되기 위해서는 모두 ‘같은 얼굴’을 향해야 한다는 동일시의 정치에 기반하고 있었다. “진정한 페미니스트”가 되기 위해서는 피해의 서사를 적극적으로 체현하며 탈코르셋의 얼굴을 구현해야만 했다. 탈코르셋 전시는 설득이 가해가 되는 ‘무해의 윤리’가 지배하는 시대에 유효한 전략으로 채택되었다. 피해자-여성의 동질성에 대한 믿음은 가시성의 효과에 대한 기대를 증폭시켰고, 가시성에 대한 기대는 동질성의 환상을 유지시켰다. 그러나 다른 얼굴을 용인하지 않는 균질한 페미니스트 얼굴이라는 환상은 그 얼굴이 물화되어 있던 만큼 달성하기 어려운 것이었다. 단일한 피해 서사와 물화된 얼굴을 통해 은폐된 여성들 간의 차이는 운동이 전개되며 계속해서 터져 나왔다. 탈코르셋이라는 페미니스트의 물화된 얼굴은 ‘꾸밈이 강요되는’ 헤테로섹슈얼-시스젠더-비장애인-중산층-청년-여성 그리고 이를 벗은 탈코르셋- 여성 외 다른 얼굴을 상상하지 않았기 때문에, 필연적으로 그 외의 얼굴들은 밀려났다. 탈코르셋 운동을 지탱하던 환상과 관계가 깨져나가며 여성들은 점차 탈코르셋 ‘운동’을 그만두었다. 이 연구는 탈코르셋 운동 참여자들의 운동 이탈 경험을 살핌으로써, 탈코르셋 운동을 대중화시켰던 전략과 페미니스트들의 정동과 연대가, 운동의 약화로 이어졌다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 동시에, 탈코르셋 운동의 약화가 단순히 운동의 ‘실패’가 아니라, 다른 ‘탈코르셋’과 페미니즘의 상상과 연결되어있음을 확인하였다.

동해안탈굿의 여성과 욕망

허용호 한국고전여성문학회 2008 한국고전여성문학연구 Vol.0 No.16

Approaching from the viewpoint which is women and desire, Donghaean Tal-Gut have distinguishing features which can't seek easily in the other folk performance. This paper's main purpose is to investigate concretely distinguishing features of Donghaean Tal-Gut in the point of view of women and desire. For this purpose, I pay attention in two feminine people which appear in Donghaean Tal-Gut. These leads, feature of the Halmi(the old woman) and Seoul-Aegi which appear contrastively investigate. This investigation in base, I make feature of two woman and identity of desire clear, and argue that desire have women-carnival property. For insurance of an independent sphere, Donghaean Tal-Gut need device as a carnival. And desire which is unsuitable to women-carnival property exist in Donghaean Tal-Gut. This paper attempt logical explanation on these. Investigating a ritual defensive device, I argue that desire which head for stability and harmony is also one of defensive devices. This paper is significant from the point which reveal feature of Donghaean Tal-Gut's female characters and identity of desire. And I expect that women's carnival desire which have not catched up to during that time is verified concretely. The viewpoint which carnival logic which head for taboo-destuction, deviation and Gut logic which head for stability, harmony are made of a structure is also a product of this study. 여성과 욕망이라는 시각에서 접근해 볼 때, 동해안탈굿은 다른 민속연행에서는 쉽게 찾아볼 수 없는 특징이 나타난다. 본 연구의 주된 목적이 바로 동해안탈굿의 특징을 여성과 욕망의 시각에서 구체적으로 살펴보려는 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 동해안탈굿에 등장하는 두 여성인물에 주목한다. 그리고 이를 통하여 대조적으로 나타나는 할미와 서울애기의 형상을 고찰한다. 이 고찰을 바탕으로 연행을 통해 형상화되는 두 여성의 특징과 그들이 추구하는 욕망의 정체를 밝히고, 그 욕망이 여성축제적 속성을 가지고 있음을 드러낸다. 축제가 그 독립적 영역을 확보하기 위해서는 나름의 장치가 필요하다. 또한 동해안탈굿에서는 여성축제성과는 어울리지 않은 욕망도 존재한다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 논리적 설명도 시도한다. 동해안탈굿의 여성축제성을 보장하는 나름의 장치를 고찰하면서, 안정과 화합 지향의 욕망 역시 여성축제의 세계를 가능하게 하는 방어 장치의 하나임을 드러내려 한다. 본 연구는 동해안탈굿에 등장하는 여성인물의 특징과 그 저변에 깔린 욕망의 정체를 드러낸다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그동안 포착하지 못했던 여성들의 축제적 욕망이 구체적으로 확인될 수 있을 것이라는 기대도 있다. 금기 파괴ㆍ일탈의 축제 논리와 화해ㆍ화합 지향의 굿 논리가 서로 유기적으로 연관되어 나름의 구조를 만들어낸다는 시각 역시 본 연구의 성과라고 생각한다.

Locality Condition on the cwu- ~ tal- Allomorphy of GIVE in Korean

김민정,정인기 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.3

This study argues that the verb form tal- is one of the suppletive allomorphs of the verb GIVE in Korean and presents a Distributed Morphology account for the suppletion of cwu- ~ tal- for GIVE and the locality mechanism related to this morphosyntactic alternation. First, this study provides the precise morphosyntactic environment of tal-. Second, it presents the situations where this expected suppletion is blocked by an intervening element between the root and the conditioning element(s). Then, it presents a Distributed Morphology analysis of the cwu- ~ tal- suppletion. Based on these observations and analysis, we argue that the apparent long-distance conditioning of this tal- suppletion is actually limited within the domain of word as suggested by Bobaljik (2012).

도시에서 차이의 공간 만들기: ‘공간 달꿈’ 사례를 중심으로

류도향 한국문화사회학회 2024 문화와 사회 Vol.32 No.2

This study presents ‘Space Tal-Koum’ in Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, as a concrete example of Lefebvre's notion of differential space and analyzes the production process of this space. ‘Space Tal-Koum’ is not a pre-constructed entity created for users but rather a space that continuously changes its character and constantly opens its value to the outside world. In this place, diverse space users with various tastes, classes, ages, genders, regions, and nationalities encounter each other with different intensities of power, producing something common that cannot be reduced to monetary value or personal possession. These users voluntarily engage in a weaving of relationships that is not identical to the recognition struggle of social standards, sensing and imagining a new being-in-common rather than pursuing utility or convenience. The core driving force of ‘Space Tal-Koum,’ operated by pure private capital and volunteers, is analyzed not by systemic factors such as financial stability or various program supports but by the heterogeneous relationships marginalized by the dominant spatial usage rules of mainstream society or external relationships that cannot be subsumed into a single spatial attribute. The heterogeneous and external relationships mediated by 'Space Tal-Koum' do not build a romantic community outside capitalism but rather produce a living life as a creative play that alters the closed boundaries and hierarchies of capitalist territories. This promotes qualitative differences that can be overlooked in similar multi-purpose spaces led by capital or administrative power, signifying the grassroots spatial politics that rearrange the relational forms of everyday life.

가야어 ‘벼리달(碧珍) · 이리(一利)’에 대한 고찰

김상윤 국제언어인문학회 2013 인문언어 Vol.15 No.1

This paper aims to define the Kaya native words, Pyŏkdin~Sungsan, Pal, Ili and Maidinyi, appearing in Samkuksagi (A Chronicle of the Three Ancient Kingdoms) and in Samkukyusa (A Reminiscent History of the Three Ancient Kingdoms). The three words denote the geographical denominations concerning the surrounding seas during the Kaya Dynasty and consequently may be accepted as genuine Kaya words. Pyŏkdin is a geographical name which consists of two morphemes, i.e., pyŏk+din (+a morpheme boundary). If we take the morpheme pyŏk for a sound-loan, we can infer it to be pyŏr. On the other hand, if we take it for a meaning-loan, it will be pyŏr. Of the two pyŏr is thought to be more persuasive. Assuming that Pali is an inscription of a sound-loan word, it can be read as pyŏri. Since there was no aspirate quality in the ancient Korean consonant system, pal can be read as bal, a prototype of Pyŏri appearing in the native songs of Shilla in the later period. Accordingly, pyŏri and its one-syllabic form pyŏl resulted from the omission of the suffix-vowel i which had coexisted. The back morpheme din as a meaning-loan may also be read as tal. The Kaya word meaning mountain was tal and so it is different from the word moe, which may be quite enough as to draw the attention to the subject at hand. Finally, assuming that Ili is a sound-loan, it can be read as Iri. It was the Kaya word relative to ting sung(star). And if one was to take the word Maidin as a sound-loan, it may be subsequently defined as a compound word of mai and din. The word mai appeared and was frequently used as an name of the places in the middle part of the ancient Korean peninsula. It implies mul(water) while din meant tal as noted above. Among the vocabularies pyŏri:iri, moe:tal, and mul:mai which coexisted in the Kaya language, pyŏri, moe, and mul may have been the native words of Kaya, and iri, tal, and mai may have been loaned from the words of Baekje. This active interaction of words bears witnesses that there had been vigorous cultural exchanges between the two nations.

A Case of T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Submicroscopic 1p33 Deletion Resulting in STIL-TAL1 Fusion

장순희 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.13 No.2

T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy associated with poor outcomes. The genetic background of T-ALL is widely heterogeneous and the TAL1 gene is overexpressed in approximately half of all cases. A submicroscopic interstitial deletion on chromosome 1p33 results in STIL-TAL1 fusion, causing inappropriate overexpression of TAL1, which promotes T cell leukemogenesis. T-ALL with STIL-TAL1 exhibits distinct characteristics, such as a mature cortical T cell immunophenotype, low incidence of NOTCH1 mutation, privileged association with PTEN inactivation, deletion of 6q14–q16, MYC translocation, high leukocyte count, poor response to treatment, and low event-free survival. However, the clinical relevance and prognostic value of this rearrangement remain unclear. Here, we report the first case of T-ALL with a 1p33 deletion resulting in STIL-TAL1 fusion in Korea, which was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis.