고전소설 공간 답사를 위한 제언

신희경(Shin, Heekyung) 돈암어문학회 2018 돈암어문학 Vol.33 No.-

본 논문은 작품에 나타난 공간을 체험하여 고전소설에 대한 이해를 용이하게 하는 고전소설의 공간 답사 방법을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 공간은 작가의 의식 체험이나 경험을 통해 다양하게 형상화되면서 구체화된 삶의 모습을 이미지화한다. 이러한 측면에서 공간답사는 작품 형성에 영향을 미친 공간, 작가의 경험 공간이 어떻게 작품 속에 구현되었는지를 이해할 수 있게 하고 공감대를 형성하여 작품에 대한 이해로 나아갈 수 있게 한다. 그러나 고전 문학의 공간은 현재 훼손되거나 사라진 경우가 많기 때문에 답사를 하기 위해서는 어려운 점이 많다. 더욱이 고전소설의 공간은 지형지리와 인문지리, 상상지리의 경계를 넘나드는 양상을 보이기 때문에 공간 답사에 대한 연구는 이루어진 바가 없다. 본 논문에서는 아카이브의 개념을 사용하여 공간과 관련된 다양한 정보를 수집할 것을 제안하였다. 주제어에 따라 아카이브한 정보들을 토대로 하여 작품에 형상화된 의미를 파악하는 내러티브를 구성하는 방식을 제시하였다. 이러한 방법을 기반으로 하여 〈운영전〉,〈안빙몽유록〉,〈심생전〉을 들어 답사의 실제적 가능성을 제시하였다. 〈운영전〉의 공간 답사는 수성동 계곡을 중심으로 한다. 작품에 등장하는 수성궁은 현재 존재하지 않지만 현재에도 확인이 가능한 작품의 배경을 답사함으로써 사실과 허구가 잘 교직된 〈운영〉의 가치를 확인할 수 있다. 〈안빙몽유록〉의 공간 답사는 작품의 창작 공간인 기재의 현재 위치로 추정되는 이화장 부근으로 한다. 이는 혼란한 정치 현실과 거리를 두고 정원을 통해 자연과의 정신적 교감을 추구하고자 했던 신광한의 말년과 수신의 도구로서 화훼 취미가 〈안빙몽유록〉창작의 배경이 되었음을 이해하는 방법이 된다. 〈심생전〉의 공간 답사는 청계천부터 소공동 주변까지 설정한다. 이는 작품 곳곳에 잘 결합되어 녹아 있는 당대인들의 삶의 공간을 이해하고 〈심생전〉의 가치를 재발견하는 토대가 된다. 본 논문의 연구 방법이 답사라는 실증적이고 체험적인 방법을 통해 고전소설에 대한 관심과 연구의 깊이를 조금이나마 증폭시킬 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this paper is to find classical novel space exploration methods that help understanding classical novels by experiencing space of works. A space is shaped in various ways through the author "s conscious experience or experience, and images of the actualized life are imaged through the works. And a Space is the foundation on which we can infer the perception of the lives and historical events of humans who have lived at a certain time. In this respect, the space exploration allows us to understand how the space of the author influenced the formation of the work, how the author"s experience space was embodied in the work, and to form a consensus to understand the work. However, because the space of classical literature is often damaged or disappeared, there are many difficulties to explore. Addition, since the space of classical novels is seen to cross the boundaries of geographical geography, human geography, and imaginary geography, research on spatial exploration has never been done. This paper presents a method for exploring space in classical novels based on the research methods of space in classical literature and my researches for exploring and understanding everyday life. In this paper, we propose collecting various information related to space using the concept of archives. Understand the historical and social background of the work based on the information archived according to the main text. Then, focusing on the interrelation between space and literary works, I proposed a method of constructing a narrative that grasps the meanings shaped in the works. Based on these methods, In this paper, we present the practical possibility of exploring 〈Un-yeong-jeon〉, 〈An-bing–mong-yu-rok〉, and 〈Sim-saeng-jeon〉.The space exploration of 〈Un-yeong-jeon〉is centered on Suseongdong Valley. The space exploration of 〈An-bing–mong-yu-rok〉 is located near Ehwa-jang, which is estimated to be the present location of the creation space of the work. The space exploration of〈Sim-saeng-jeon〉 is set up from Cheonggyecheon to Sogong-dong. Since the concept or method of classical novel space exploration has not been established, there are still a lot of problems to be solved in this paper because there are many missing points. However, the research method of this paper is aimed at understanding the conditions of the formation of classical novels. Therefore, I expect that the empirical and experiential method of exploration will be an opportunity to amplify the interest in classical novels.

우주 자원의 법적 지위와 사적 소유

김영주 한국경영법률학회 2017 經營法律 Vol.27 No.4

Space contains valuable natural resources. These provide a compelling reason for entrepreneurs, investors, and governments to pursue space exploration and settlement. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 explicitly forbids any government from claiming a celestial resource such as the Moon or a planet. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty states that “outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.” The U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015 (CSLCA), however, makes significant advances in furthering U.S. commercial space industry, which explicitly allows US citizens to engage in the commercial exploration and exploitation of ‘space resources' including water and minerals. Thus, some scholars argue that the United States recognizing ownership of space resources is an act of sovereignty, and that the act violates the Outer Space Treaty. This paper suggests that the unequivocal prohibition of appropriation of celestial bodies as such does not give rise to a prohibition of commercial exploitation because the baseline approach to outer space is a general freedom, which can only be limited by international consensus (such as has occurred with respect to the high seas and Antarctica, the two other areas of human activity with which outer space is most commonly compared), and there is no explicit prohibition of commercial exploitation to start with. Also, this paper suggests that it is necessary to guarantee the right to resources harvested in outer space. A private ownership of extracted space resources needs to promote new space business and industry. As resources on Earth become increasingly difficult and expensive to mine, it is clear that our laws and policies must encourage private appropriation of space resources. 우주 공간은 천연 자원의 보고로 미래 인류의 지속적인 생존과 번영을 위해서라도 언젠가는 반드시 개척해야할 영역이다. 다만 이와 관련해서는 우주 자원에 대한 민간 차원의 배타적 재산권 행사가 과연 국제법적으로 인정될 수 있느냐 하는 문제들이 제기되고 있다. 1967년 제정된 우주조약의 경우에는 우주에 대한 국가적 소유는 금지하고 있으나 사적 소유에 대하여는 아무런 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 따라서 민간 기업과 같은 사적 주체에 의한 우주 자원의 재산적 권리가 가능한 것은 아닌가 하는 해석을 할 수 있다. 한편 지난 2015년 11월 25일 미국은 이와 관련한 ‘상업우주발사경쟁력법’(CSLCA)을 제정하면서, 민간 기업의 소행성 자원과 우주 자원의 점유, 소유, 이용, 수송, 처분 등에 관한 재산적 권리를 명시적으로 인정하였다. 룩셈부르크 역시 최근 2017년 7월 13일, 우주 자원의 사적 소유를 인정한 ‘우주자원법’이 의회를 통과하여 시행을 앞두고 있다. 본 논문에서는 CSLCA와 우주자원법을 통해 제기된 우주 자원의 사적 소유에 대한 법적 문제를 살펴보았다. 먼저 우주조약, 달협정 및 미국의 CSLCA의 규정 체계를 통해 우주 자원의 법적 지위를 정리한 후, 우주 자원의 사적 소유에 관하여, UN해양법협약상 해저 자원의 법적 지위를 함께 비교하면서 살펴보았다. 나아가 남극조약을 중심으로 극지방 자원과 우주 자원의 지위도 함께 검토해 보았다. 이러한 논의를 종합하여 우주 자원의 사적 소유권 문제를 중심으로 한 개별적인 의견을 피력해 보았다.

태양계 인터넷이 심우주 탐사에 미치는 영향 분석

구철회(Cheolhea Koo),김창균(Changkyun Kim),류동영(Dongyoung Rew),최기혁(Gihyuk Choi) 한국항공우주학회 2016 한국항공우주학회지 Vol.44 No.3

근래 우주 과학 및 연구의 가장 뜨거운 뉴스 또는 성과는 2013년 NASA의 화성 로버인 Curiosity, 2013년 중국의 달 착륙선/로버인 Chang’e 3 호, 2014년 ESA의 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 소행성 탐사선 Rosetta, 그리고 2015년 NASA의 명왕성 탐사선 New Horizons 일 것이다. 이와 같은 장거리 심우주 탐사가 현 기술로 가능하다는 것에 매우 고무될 수밖에 없다. 하지만 이런 놀라운 심우주 항행 기술의 발전에도 불구하고 심우주 데이터 통신기술 영역은 이렇다 할 변화가 없었다. 이 영역은 큰 변화를 현재까지 거부해 왔으나 최근 들어 지상의 우수한 통신 기술들을 심우주 탐사에 적용하려는 움직임이 관찰되고 있음에 주목할 필요가 있다. 그중에 하나가 본 논문에서 다루려고 하는 태양계 인터넷 기술이다. 본 논문에서 심우주 탐사에 태양계 인터넷이 미치는 영향을 분석하여 발표하고자 한다. The hottest news and achievements of space science and research in recent years may be NASA Curiosity rover’s exploration (2013) of Mars, China Chang’e 3’s exploration (2013) of Moon, ESA Rosetta’s exploration (2014) of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and NASA New Horizons’ exploration (2015) of Pluto, which are very astonishing achievement since such a deep space journey was possible with current technology. In contrast the wonderful cruise and navigation technologies evolution of explorer in deep space, there are no remarkable changes in deep space data communication, it is still in conservative area, of which much changes are reluctantly accepted so far. But there are some movements of deep space exploration in order to allow ground brilliant technologies to deep space. One of those experiments is internet, whose main topic of this paper. In this paper, we will present the analysis of effectiveness of solar system internet to deep space exploration.

국제법상 우주자원의 법적 성격과 관리제도

정영진(JUNG Yungjin) 대한국제법학회 2017 國際法學會論叢 Vol.62 No.4

Deep Space Industries, Shackleton Energy, Moon Express 등의 우주 벤처기업들은 우주자원을 채굴하기 위한 인공위성을 개발 중이며, 조만간 인공위성이 발사될 계획이다. 이러한 우주자원 채굴을 촉진하기 위하여 미국은 2015년 11월 ‘상업우주발사 경쟁법’을, 그리고 룩셈부르크는 2017년 7월 ‘우주자원의 탐사와 이용법’을 각각 제정하였다. 우주발사 경쟁법 섹션 51302는 “미국 시민은 미국의 국제의무를 포함하여 적용법에 따른 습득된 소행성 자원 또는 우주자원을 소지, 보유, 운송, 이용 그리고 판매할 수 있는 권한을 포함하여 우주자원에 대한 모든 권한을 가진다”라고 규정하며, 우주자원의 탐사와 이용법 제1조는 “우주자원은 국제법에 따라 전용될 수 있다”고 규정한다. 그러나 상기 규정이 국제우주법의 원칙 중의 하나인 우주의 비전용 원칙에 위반된다는 논란이 제기되었다. 이 논란은 우주자원의 개념 및 법적지위에 대한 국제법의 흠결에서 비롯된다. 따라서 이 논문은 우주자원을 정의하고 우주자원의 법적 지위를 살펴보고자 한다. 이러한 시도는 기존의 우주 관련 유엔 5개 조약을 토대로 하되 필요할 경우 미국과 룩셈부르크의 국내법도 검토의 대상이다. 우주자원의 정의 및 법적 지위가 어느 정도 정립되면, 우주자원의 관리제도에 대하여 간략히 살펴볼 것이다. A number of private companies such as Deep Space Industries, Moon Express, and Shackleton are pursuing space mining business. Spacecrafts with prepatory missions could be launched as early as next year. In order to facilitate these initiatives, the United States legislated ‘Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act’(CSLCA) in November 2015. Luxemburg also enacted ‘Law on the Exploration and Use of Space Resources’(LEUSR) in July 2017. The section 51302 of CSLCA provides that “A United States citizen (...) shall be entitled to any asteroid resource or space resource obtained, including to posses, own, transport, use, and sell the asteroid resources or space resource obtained in accordance with applicable law, including the international obligations of the United States”. Likewise, The article 1 of LEUSR stipulates that “Space resources are capable of being appropriated in accordance with international law”. There are conflicting opinions on whether the above two legislations violate one of the principles of ‘non appropriation of outer space’ in international space law. This argument originates from the deficiencies of the international law on the definition and legal status of space resources. This article attempts to define the term ‘space resources’ and its legal status based on the analysis of UN’s five treaties related to the space activities and the two legislations introduced above. Only after the definition of space resources and its legal status are settled, a management regime for space resources could follow.

우주 자원의 상업적 이용에 관한 법적 문제 - 미국의 2015년 `우주 자원의 탐사 및 이용에 관한 법률` 의 구조와 쟁점 -

김영주 ( Kim Young-ju ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2017 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.32 No.1

In Space contains valuable natural resources. These provide a compelling reason for entrepreneurs, investors, and governments to pursue space exploration and settlement. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 explicitly forbids any government from claiming a celestial resource such as the Moon or a planet. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty states that “outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.” The U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015 (CSLCA), however, makes significant advances in furthering U.S. commercial space industry, which explicitly allows U.S. citizens to engage in the commercial exploration and exploitation of `space resources` including water and minerals. Thus, some scholars argue that the United States recognizing ownership of space resources is an act of sovereignty, and that the act violates the Outer Space Treaty. This paper suggests that it is necessary to guarantee the right to resources harvested in outer space. More specifically, a private ownership of extracted space resources needs to promote new space business and industry. As resources on Earth become increasingly difficult and expensive to mine, it is clear that our laws and policies must encourage private appropriation of space resources. CSLCA which addresses all aspects of space resource extraction will be one way to encourage space commercial activity.

우주 윤리에 관한 소고- 우주 생명, 환경과 탐사에 관한 윤리적 쟁점을 중심으로 -

송선영 한국환경철학회 2024 환경철학 Vol.0 No.38

The purpose of this study is to examine main issues of space ethics and to identify its critical task. Space, universe, and cosmos can be conceptualized at different levels: outer earth’s air, a physical system that generates, expands, contracts, and perishes, or as entities framed within religious and philosophical contexts. In the context of space exploration, the discourse on space ethics has evolved, addressing topics such as the search for planets capable of supporting extraterrestrial life in earth-like environments, the enhancement of human capabilities for space missions, and international governance efforts for space debris management and cooperative development of outer space. To broaden this discourse on space ethics, space ethics is regarded as a field that encompasses the exploration of the moral origins and significance of humanity's engagement with the cosmos, including both ancient contemplation of the universe and scientific observation and verification. It addresses ethical concerns arising from all human space activities, which continue to evolve alongside advancements in science and technology and to provide the education of space ethics.

우주조약에 따른 ‘우주 이용의 자유’와 아르테미스 약정에 따른 ‘우주자원 채취’의 관계

박현석 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2024 홍익법학 Vol.25 No.2

The controversy in international law caused by the Artemis Accords over whether the extraction and utilization of space resources is permissible or not, involves interpretation of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. However, it does not seem probable to resolve this on-going controversy through interpretation of the Treaty. There is no provision explicitly referring to space resources in the Outer Space Treaty, and it seems difficult to fill this loophole even if one may have recourse to the general rule and supplementary means of treaty interpretation. There appears to be only one theory left with which one could explain this loophole. If the drafters of Article 2 of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty regarded outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, as a kind of place in a spatial sense and res communis omnium like the high seas, or like land and at the same time res extra commercium in private law, it is conceivable that the loophole remains. In other words, it may well be assumed that the natural resources of celestial bodies, including the moon, were treated like ‘buried objects’ in private law, and were not subject to the application of Article 2 of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. Thus one cannot be sure that the extraction and utilization of space resources is prohibited under the Outer Space Treaty. In that sense, one can hardly conclude that Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Artemis Accords, which explicitly states that the extraction of space resources does not inherently constitute ‘national appropriation’ under Article 2 of the Outer Space Treaty, is contrary to the Outer Space Treaty. The Artemis Accords may also be regarded as a diplomatic tool for the United States to accumulate ‘subsequent practice’ in the implementation of the Outer Space Treaty in order to obtain the interpretation of the Outer Space Treaty that the United States prefers.

어린이를 위한 자연탐구학습관의 전시 공간디자인에 관한 연구 -몰입 경험을 중심으로-

송광철 한국일러스아트학회 2025 조형미디어학 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 몰입형 자연탐구학습관의 전시 공간디자인을 연구 대상으로 쌍방향인 몰입형 경험에 관한 연구이다. 특히, 다양한 문헌을 통하여 몰입의 정의와 특징을 시스템적 몰입, 네러티브 몰입, 사회 공감적 몰입, 공간적 몰입으로 구분하였다. 또한, 몰입형 자연탐구학습관 전시 공간디자인의 유형으로 미디어아트를 통한 몰입형 경험, 관객참여를 통한 몰입형 경험 그리고 다감각 자극을 통한 몰입형 경험으로 다양한 몰입형 경험의 실제 사례들을 분석하였다. 이렇게 몰입감에 대한 정의와 특징을 이론적으로 규명하고 실제 사례로 자연탐구학습관의 다양한 몰입형 전시공간의 분석 이후에 어린이를 위한 자연탐구학습관의 몰입형 전시 공간디자인의 방향을 제안하였다. 어린이를 위한 자연탐구학습관의 몰입형 전시 공간디자인은 우선 전시공간의 디자인 개념과 전시공간의 체험 방법을 구체적으로 제안하였다. 또한 추가로 전시공간의 적용 기술과 연출 방법을 제안하였다. 따라서 향후 연구과제로 몰입형 전시 공간은 학습과 교육의 기능이 지속해서 새로운 기술과 함께 몰입형 전시 공간디자인으로 강화해야 한다. 즉, 다양한 디지털 기술을 통해 몰입형 전시 공간디자인은 문화적인 주제를 강화하고 지속해서 혁신적으로 발전시켜야 한다. This study is a study on interactive immersive experiences with the exhibition space design of an immersive nature exploration learning center as the research subject. In particular, the definition and characteristics of immersion were divided into systematic immersion, narrative immersion, social empathy immersion, and spatial immersion through various literature. In addition, various immersive experiences were analyzed through actual cases of immersive experiences through media art, audience participation, and multi-sensory stimulation as types of immersive nature exploration learning center exhibition space design. In this way, the definition and characteristics of immersion were theoretically clarified, and after analyzing various immersive exhibition spaces of nature exploration learning centers as actual cases, the direction of immersive exhibition space design for children was suggested. The design of immersive exhibition spaces for children's nature exploration learning centers first presented the design concept of the exhibition space and the method of experiencing the exhibition space. In addition, the application technology and production method of the exhibition space were suggested. Therefore, as a future research task, the immersive exhibition space should continuously strengthen the functions of learning and education with new technologies through immersive exhibition space design. In other words, immersive exhibition space design must reinforce cultural themes and continuously develop innovatively through various digital technologies.

Systematic design space exploration and rearrangement of the MDO problem by using probabilistic methodology

Yong-Hee Jeon,Sangook Jun,Seungon Kang,이동호 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.9

This study proposes a probabilistic approach for systematic design space exploration and rearrangement. The stochastic quantities and qualities of design space are explored using a reliability index, and the design space is rearranged to a higher feasible region by using Chebyshev inequality. Four test cases composed of algebraic functions are used to investigate the validity of the proposed method. Results show that the converged design space can include the feasible region outside the initial design space to the rearranged design space. Moreover, the results show that the proposed method is applicable to the aircraft wing design optimization problem, which considers collaborative optimization with three subsystems, namely, aerodynamics, structure, and performance. Wing design optimizations are also performed separately for the initial and converged design spaces. The results indicate that the range obtained in the converged design space improved compared with that in the initial design space. In conclusion, the proposed design space rearrangement method was shown to have the capability to search for feasible regions that are excluded in the initial design phase.

‘요나 콤플렉스’를 활용한 대학생의 자기탐색 글쓰기 교육 연구

박선영 한국문화융합학회 2023 문화와 융합 Vol.45 No.11

This study designed and implemented a self-exploration writing instruction model for college students using Bachelard's ‘Jonah Complex’ and examined the perceptions of the mother's womb space in students' writings and its educational effects. This study included a total of 89 students from S University's required liberal arts course “Critical Reading and Writing” opened in the first and second semesters of 2023, and a total of four writing classes were conducted during the second to third weeks of each semester. As a result of the study, the mother's womb spaces of the students were divided into 'inside the house' and 'outside the house' around 'house'. 'Inside the house' were classified into residential space and object space, and 'outside the house' were classified into natural space, learning space, religious space, cultural space, and moving space. Students were searching for their the mother's womb spaces, finding their presence and enhancing their understanding. This study is meaningful in that it provided an opportunity for college students to strengthen their understanding and recognize the importance and value of the mother's womb space.