THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL-ORIENTED BEHAVIORS ON REGIONAL EXPANSION: EVIDENCE FROM A DEVELOPING ECONOMY

Nathaniel Boso,Magnus Hultman,Pejvak Oghazi 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

The growing pace of market globalization has enabled firms to find it increasingly attractive to exploit growth opportunities abroad. To this end, predicting firms’ success and growth in foreign markets has become an important issue to international business researchers and managers. The international business literature suggests that different internal firm and foreign market specific environment factors drive internationalization of firms including firms’ structure, strategy, orientations, capabilities and nature of foreign market competition. Researchers interested in the field of international entrepreneurship have also given attention to firms’ international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) as a potential driver of firms’ internationalization behavior, with few recent studies reporting investigations into the relationship between IEO and internationalization scope. The entrepreneurship literature suggests that variations in entrepreneurial behaviors may lead to exploitation of “new entry” (Oviatt & McDougall, 2005; Cavusgil & Knight, 2015). Within the international entrepreneurship discipline, international new entry is construed to entail identification and exploitation of new product-market opportunities abroad, or a pursuit of internationalization scope (Dai et al., 2014). Internationalization scope is defined as the process of seeking new market opportunities across multiple foreign markets, and is operationalized variously with indicators that tap the percentage of overseas revenue to total revenue, and the number of foreign countries and geographic regions from which a firm receives its sales. Thus, internationalization scope is viewed to be inherent and essential to the exhibition of an IEO, and may be driven by firms’ entrepreneurial proclivity. While a few studies have looked at how IEO impacts percentage of revenue firms obtain from foreign markets (Dai et al., 2014), little studies have studied how and when IEO drives regional expansion. This is notwithstanding the fact that traditional internationalization theory points to regional expansion as an antecedent to global expansion. Indeed, international business scholars have argued that a combination of increasing informal exporting activities, rising liberalization of regional economies, colonial bias, regional economic blocs and the emergence of middle class in many regional markets has created opportunities for firms to internationalize within neighboring geographical regions. Additionally, it has been argued that the benefits and costs of regional protection can motivate firms to pursue regionalization strategy as an antecedent or an alternative to globalization strategy. In drawing insights from earlier works, therefore, the present study focuses on the regional expansion of exporting firms in a Sub-Sahara African economy – Ghana, and examines how international entrepreneurial-oriented behaviors drive the firms’ intra-Africa expansion. African markets are noted for their diversity in national laws, cultures, geography, and infrastructural development. Particularly relevant to internationalizing African firms is the diversity and imperfection of marketing channels across African markets. An important implication for African firms, therefore, is how they can leverage their comparative advantage of handling diversity and imperfection of marketing channels in their home African market to successfully compete in overseas host markets with similar conditions. Accordingly, we further empirically examine how a firm’s ability to manage heterogeneous and imperfect marketing channels moderates the effect of IEO behaviors on regional expansion. We posit that the extent to which firms develop managerial and organizational capabilities to successfully compete in conditions of high market channel diversity and imperfection is a major contingency factor that can help explain when entrepreneurial behaviors influence regional expansion. By empirically examining these questions, this study brings new insights to IEO research by showing that IEO behaviors are differentially related to regionalization strategy depending on firms’ capability to manage heterogeneous and imperfect regional marketing channels. Specifically, findings from our study of small and medium sized firms in Ghana doing business in regional African markets show that regional expansion increases when levels of product innovation intensity, competitive aggressiveness and autonomous behavior are high and when regional channel management capability increases in magnitude. Additionally, the study provides evidence to show that increases in risking-taking behavior decrease regional expansion when regional channel management capability is high. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that although product innovation novelty and proactiveness are directly related to regional expansion their effects are cancelled out when levels of regional channel management capability are high.

Overview of Management Approaches in the Regional Tourism Development

Martin Musil 사람과세계경영학회 2018 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.23 No.1

Tourism is considered globally an important tool for regional development. Through its activities and interconnections with other industries it has a strong impact on the whole environment of the destination in the form of different effects on bodies and objects in that environment. Therefore, it appears necessary to manage tourism strategically, with awareness of its effects and impact assessment, under the principles of sustainable development. Tourism development is strongly associated with the overall concept of regional development and especially with the policy of regional development and tourism policy. Good practice examples show that the unregulated and self-acting tourism development has negative impacts to the destination environment that could be appropriately eliminated, or at least regulated, by appropriate management. That is why the principles of management come to the fore, especially the principles of strategic management of destinations. These should bring positive effects in the tourism sector in the form of strategically planned activities based on relevant data, information and knowledge. Also involving regional stakeholders should lead to the sustainable and competitive destination development. These approaches are based on general management overall, however it is often necessary to adapt them in many aspects because of the tourism market specifics. This paper provides an overview of major developmental trends over the past two decades in the field of strategic destination management as an integral part of regional development. Its aim is to identify the main research directions in this area for a defined period, emphasizing the focus on applying strategical managerial approaches and methods in managing a tourist destination. In the concretization of selected approaches deals primarily with the approaches to the management of destinations in relation to the effects resulting from tourism. Using in-depth resources research on tourism effects and impacts, tourism planning and stakeholder engagement in this planning, it focuses on that part of strategic management, which is ranked among relatively newer planning principles for managing a tourist destination. This is also becoming more and more important in emerging tourist areas. The paper summarizes the main directions of research in this area and points out the focus that researchers, academics and managers themselves are interested in.

미국의 지역 인적자원개발과 지역 노사정 파트너쉽 연구

전명숙 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2010 국제지역연구 Vol.14 No.2

세계의 여러 선진국을 보면 국제 시장에서의 경쟁력 확보는 점차 노동자의 인적자원개발을 통한 고부가가치 산업에의 집중으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 이러한 과정에서 특히 중요한 것은 노사 이해당사자와 관련 정부 기관이 파트너쉽을 통해 노동자의 숙련 형성 및 향상에 함께 참여한다는 것이다. 이는 어느 일방의 이해관계에 따라 진행되는 노동자의 훈련 프로그램은 그 효과가 충분히 실현되는 것이 어렵다는 인식에 기반한다. 그동안 우리나라에서는 유럽의 선진 국가에서 나타나는 노사정 파트너십과 노동자의 인적자원개발전략에 많은 주목을 해왔다. 이러한 사례연구를 보면 유럽 국가에서는 강력한 노동조합을 통해 노사정 파트너쉽체제를 구축하고 있으며 각 이해당사자는 협력을 통해 노사가 공동으로 이익을 얻을 수 있는 고용 및 훈련 프로그램에 적극적으로 참여하고 있다. 이에 반해 세계 주요 선진국 중 대표적인 미국에서의 노사 참여적인 인적자원개발에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한데 그 이유는 분권화의 전통이 강하고 시장원리가 보다 더 강조되는 미국에서는 전국차원에서 노사정 파트너쉽을 구축할 수 있는 기제가 발달되어 있지 않기 때문이다. 그러나 비록 미국의 경우 연방 차원에서는 노사정 간의 사회적 대화기제를 찾기 어렵다고 하더라도 지역 차원이나 다양한 업종별 프로그램에서는 이해당사자가 파트너쉽을 통해 공동의 문제를 함께 풀어나가는 사례를 어렵지 않게 발견할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인력투자법 (Workforce Investment Act)에 근거한 원스톱 센터와 위스컨신 지역훈련파트너쉽 (Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership)을 통해 미국에서 지역 차원의 노사정 파트너쉽이 어떻게 작동하며 어떠한 프로그램으로 운영되고 있는 지를 분석하고 있다. 원스톱센터가 연방 정부법에 의해 각 주에서 제도적으로 전개되는 지역 노사정파트너쉽 모델이라면 WRTP 는 민간주도의 지역 노사정파트너쉽 모델이라고 볼 수 있다. 두 사례는 OECD 에서도 대표적인 지역 파트너쉽 모범 사례로 소개되고 있으며 현재 우리나라 지역인적자원개발정책의 주요 참고 사례가 되고 있다. Developed nations are increasingly seeking to secure competitiveness in the international market through the development of human resources of workers in high value-added industries. And what is especially important in this process is the fact that workers, employers, and concerned government agencies are participating together in building and improving workers' skills through partnerships. This is based on the perception that workers training programs conducted according to the interest of one side are difficult to bring desired results. For the past decades, Korea has focused mostly on labor-management-government partnerships and strategies for developing the human resources of workers in developed nations in Europe. Related case studies show labor-management-government partnerships in European countries established through powerful trade unions, and interested parties actively cooperate and participate in employment and training programs that benefit both workers and employers. In contrast, studies on human resource development participated by workers and employers are relatively rare in the US, the reason being the lack of a mechanism for establishing labor-management-government partnership due to the country's strong tradition of decentralization and the emphasis on market principles. However, while it is difficult to find such channels for dialogue between workers, employers, and the government in th US on the federal level, there are many regional-level or industry-level programs that tackle common problems through partnerships between interested parties. This study analyzes how the regional labor-management-government partnerships in the US work and examines the types of programs operated by investigating the One-Stop Center based on the Workforce Investment Act and the Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership. While the One-Stop Center is a regional labor-management-government partnership model that is institutionally executed in each state according to the Workforce Investment Act, the WRTP is a regional labor-management -government partnership model led by the private sector. The two examples are introduced in the OECD as best practice examples of regional partnerships, and are key references to Korea's current human resource development policy.

지방공기업 경영평가 내 정부권장정책 지표의효과적 관리 방안

박기경,김우섭 한국경영컨설팅학회 2023 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.23 No.3

In recent regional public enterprise management evaluations, the weight of government-recommended policy indicators has been increasing, directly influencing the evaluation results. With the growing importance of the social value of regional public enterprises, there is an emphasis on public-oriented roles rather than efficiency. As a result, regional public enterprises are encouraged to actively engage in activities through management evaluation indicators to effectively disseminate various government-promoted policies. The increasing number of government-recommended policy indicators, reaching 29 in 2022, has imposed a continuous burden on regional public enterprise management evaluations. However, systematic record management, including the timing of introduction and changes in allocation, has not been implemented, and the identified issues during the evaluation process have not been adequately addressed. This highlights the need for effective management approaches. This study analyzes the current situation through the record management of government-recommended policy indicators, identifies issues derived from the evaluation process, and proposes strategies for their effective management. Firstly, the study suggests considering the implementation of a quota system to manage the allocation of government-recommended policy indicators at a certain predefined level. Additionally, it aims to enhance the evaluation process by actively managing indicators within the institutions responsible for policy implementation. To accomplish this, standardized management procedures will be developed, and a checklist will be created to ensure comprehensive evaluation. Ultimately, the proposed systematic management approach for government-recommended policy indicators in this study aims to enhance the objectivity and acceptability of regional public enterprise management evaluations. Furthermore, it strives to drive the management activities of regional public enterprises, facilitating the effective and early dissemination of government-promoted policies

지방공기업 경영평가 지표개선을 위한 평가자와 피평가자의 인식에 관한 연구

최현철,김영단,윤치호 경인행정학회 2023 한국정책연구 Vol.23 No.1

Since the regional public corporation management evaluation system was introduced through the revision of the 3rd Regional Public Corporation Act in 1993, it has been changing and developing flexibly by accommodating political, economic, social and cultural demands. It also has played a primary role in leading policy changes for regional public corporation in line with the new government's national ideology. The Yoon Seok-yeol government, recently, adopted a national task of providing high-quality public services by innovating public institution, and set out to make public institutions more efficient and secure financial soundness as the goal of task. it, additionally, seems to be inevitable that the changes in in management evaluation indicators of regional public corporations, because the government has set goals to strengthen autonomous and responsible management and capabilities of public institutions. In the change of policy environment with the launch of new government, the objective of this study is to identify the management evaluation indicator’s problem and suggest future improvement directions by analyzing an awareness of various stakeholders who are directly related to the management evaluation of regional public corporations. Stakeholders have much various knowledge and experience backgrounds. Although there may be individual differences, we believe that stakeholders’ an awareness of the management evaluation system and indicators is much various. To analyze stakeholders’ awareness more accurately, we conduct AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process: AHP) and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) which are used in not only prioritization among policy alternatives but also a wide variety of decision-making fields such as human resource management, marketing, strategic management. As a result of the analysis, some different results were shown in the AHP and the IPA analysis, but overall similar results were obtained. In detail, there are found to be important and satisfied priority indicators which are that CEO’s leadership, Strategy management, Organizational/Human resource management, and Financial management in Sustainable management as well as Disaster safety management in Social value, major classification indicators. Because these indicators, however, are recognized as the most basic factors required for institutional operation, they tend to be managed rather carelessly, requiring attention. On the contrary, there are found to be low important and satisfied priority indicators which are that Job creation and Work-Life balance, Communication and participation, Ethical management, Local cohabitation in Social value, and Innovative performance in Sustainable management, major classification indicators. The modified IPA analysis results, however, show that the importance is high and the effectiveness is low, so we need for attention to interpret the results. In case of the Social value indicators, the Moon Jae-in government greatly emphasized it, that have increased the distribution of points and introducing some new contents. These indicators, however, has not only achieved a considerable level of target expected by the government, but are also contrary to the current government's stance. This study, therefore, suggests that it is correct to interpret them as indicators that needs relatively improvement. 지방공기업 경영평가제도는 1993년 제3차 지방공기업법 개정으로 도입된 이후 정치·경제·사회·문화적 요구를 수용하며 유연하게 변화·발전해 왔다. 또한 새 정부의 국정이념에 부합하는 지방공기업의 정책변화를 주도하는 역할을 담당해 왔다. 최근 윤석열 정부에서는 공공기관 혁신을 통해 질 높은 대국민 서비스 제공이라는 국정과제를 채택하였고, 과제목표로는 공공기관을 효율화하고 재무 건전성을 확보를 내세웠다. 또한 정부에서는 공공기관의 자율·책임경영 및 역량을 강화하는 것을 목표로 삼은 바 있어, 지방공기업 경영평가지표의 변화도 불가피해 보인다. 본 연구은 새정부 출범이라는 정책환경의 변화와 함께 지방공기업 경영평가와 직접적인 관련이 있는 평가자와 피평가자들의 경영평가 지표에 대한 인식조사를 통해 경영평가 지표에 대한 문제점을 파악하고 향후 개선 방향을 마련하는 데 목적이 있으며, 이를 위해 지방공기업 경영평가와 직접적으로 이해관계가 있는 평가위원 및 기관 평가담당자를 대상으로 AHP 분석 및 IPA 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, AHP 분석 및 IPA 분석에서 일부 상이한 결과가 나타나기도 하였으나, 전반적으로 유사한 결과가 도출되었다. 자세히 살펴보면, 지속가능경영 대분류 지표 중 경영층의 리더십, 전략경영, 조직·인사관리, 재무관리와 사회적 가치 지표 중 재난안전관리가 중요성 및 만족도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 수정된 IPA 분석 결과, 중요성이 높고 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타나 해석에 주의가 필요하다. 사회적 가치 지표의 경우, 문재인 정부에서 크게 강조하면서 배점 비중이 높아지고 새로운 내용이 추가로 도입되었다. 하지만, 정부가 기대했던 목표 수준을 상당 수준 달성하였을 뿐만 아니라, 현 정부의 기조와 상반되는 지표이므로 상대적으로 개선이 필요한 지표로 해석하는 것이 옳은 것이라 판단된다.

동남아의 지역갈등과 갈등관리 : 아세안(ASEAN)의 지역협력을 중심으로

이동윤(Dong-Yoon Lee) 한국태국학회 2012 한국태국학회논총 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to recognize that the separatism movement in Southeast Asia has the character of regional conflict due to intra-state heterogeneity like the ethnicity, religion, history, and culture, etc., and to investigate the response policy of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) for settlement and management of intra-state conflicts in the region. Especially, this study checked and examined the policy line and regional cooperation of the ASEAN for conflict management with focus on regional conflict in Aceh region of Indonesia and the Southern border region of Thailand. As a research result, conflicts in the region were caused by social-cultural speciality and diversity - ethnical, religious, historical, and economical differences - and intensified by separatism movement for division, autonomy, and independence in each country. However, the endeavor of humanitarian mediation and of the ASEAN for resolving the problems of regional conflict and human rights is insufficient. It results not only from non-intervention principle of the ASEAN way based on 'consultation' and 'consensus', but also from the peculiarity of Southeast Asian countries that each country sensitively react with sovereignty-related matters. Recently, but, the ASEAN began to change its policy line from 'non-intervention' principle to 'constructive intervention' or 'flexible engagement' over domestic issues. And also, various types of intra-regional civic organizations as 'the track Ⅱ' started to reinforce the engagement in conjunction with human rights issue, human security, or regional development issue. As a consequence, the mission for the resolution of all the problems caused by separatist movements and regional conflicts in Southeast Asian countries requires the interior effort of each country as well as intervention and mediation of the ASEAN as the third party, which has similar historical experience.

지방공기업의 사회적 책임 성과와 영향요인에 대한 연구

정성환,김종근 한국경영컨설팅학회 2021 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.21 No.4

In the case of public institutions with a large proportion of public interest projects, social responsibility is very important in management because of their large responsibility for social and economic revitalization at the national level. However, emphasizing social responsibility activities that serve the public interest in public enterprises whose basic goal is to pursue public interest may be less motivational for organizational members. This requires a management approach to social responsibility and public companies should perform social responsibilities in terms of performance management. To this end, this study sought to identify the performance level of social responsibility in terms of performance management and derive major influencing factors on the performance of social responsibility by utilizing the evaluation values of legional public corporation. The following research results were derived by utilizing the management evaluation values of all 151 local public enterprises. First of all, among the seven detailed indicators, all of them showed above-average performance except ethical and eco-friendly management, while the socially disadvantaged showed the highest level, while the eco-friendly management index was the lowest. Next, if you look at the analysis of factors that affect social responsibility, systematization of management systems such as organization management, personnel management, and financial management is important to improve social responsibility performance, and 14 levels of compliance with public companies have a positive impact on pro-social performance, including customer and resident participation. Based on these findings, several implications can be derived. First, a discriminatory approach to social responsibility was made on a methodological level. Second, utilizing the management evaluation index system of legional public corporations provided an opportunity to identify the structure of the overall evaluation index based on the relationship between evaluation indicators from an integrated perspective. Third, the results of this study can be used as a guide to performance management of social responsibility, which is the original purpose of the management evaluation system. Finally, from an integrated perspective, management of other performance indicators related to social responsibility performance could be considered together. 공익적 목적사업의 비중이 큰 공공기관들의 경우 국가적 차원에서 사회적 및 경제적 활성화에 대한 책임이 크기에 경영에 있어서 사회적 책임이 매우 중요하다. 그러나 기본적인 목표가 공익 추구인 공기업에 있어서 공익을 도모하는 사회적 책임활동을 강조하는 것은 조직구성원들에게 동기부여가 약할 수 있다. 이에 사회적 책임에 대한 경영학적 접근, 즉 시스템적 접근이 필요하며, 성과관리 차원에서 공기업이 사회적 책임을 수행해야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 행정안전부가 주관하는 지방공기업 경영평가 평가값을 활용하여 성과관리차원에서 사회적 책임의 성과수준을 파악하고, 사회적 책임의 성과에 대한 주요한 영향요인을 도출하고자 노력하였다. 상하수도를 제외한 151개 전체 지방공기업의 경영평가값을 분석에 활용하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 먼저 사회적 책임의 성과 수준을 살펴보면, 7개 세부지표들 중 윤리경영, 친환경경영을 제외하면 모두 평균이상의 성과수준을 보이고 있으며, 사회적 약자 배려 지표가 가장 높은 수준을 보인 반면, 친환경경영 지표가 가장 낮은 수준으로 평가되었다. 다음으로 사회적 책임에 대한 영향요인에 대한 분석결과를 살펴보면, 사회적 책임 성과 향상을 위해서는 리더십 및 전략과 함께 조직관리, 인사관리, 재무관리 등의 경영시스템에 대한 체계화도 중요하며, 14개 공기업정책준수 수준이 고객 및 주민참여를 포함한 친사회적 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과에 근거하여 몇 가지 시사점을 도출할 수 있다. 첫째, 방법론적 차원에서 경영평가결과를 활용하여 사회적 책임에 대한 차별적 접근이 이루어졌다. 둘째, 지방공기업 경영평가지표 체계를 활용함으로써 통합적인 시각에서 평가지표 간 관계성에 근거한 전체 평가지표의 구조를 파악할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다. 셋째, 본 연구결과를 경영평가제도의 본래 취지인 사회적 책임에 대한 성과관리의 가이드로 활용될 수 있다. 마지막, 통합적 시각에서 사회적 책임 성과와 관련된 타 성과지표에 대한 관리를 함께 고려할 수 있었다.

ESG경영과 안전경영 그리고 경영성과의 구조적 관계: 지역 공항을 중심으로

조영진,성행남,권진택 한국정보시스템학회 2023 情報시스템硏究 Vol.32 No.4

Purpose While research on ESG management in airlines is ongoing, research on airports, especially regional ones, remains insufficient. This study's point of departure is the inquiry into how the local airport industry is addressing global environmental shifts and engaging in ESG management activities. Design/methodology/approach Based on previous studies, the relationship between ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance) management, safety management, reputation, and management performance was analyzed. We analyzed 578 questionnaires through structural equation modeling using AMOS 21.0 to test our hypotheses. Findings First, environmental, social, governance, and safety management have a positive effect on both reputation and business performance. Second, reputation has affected business performance. Third, reputation was affected in the order of governance management, safety management, environmental management, and social management.

리스크 관리가 항만과 지역경제 성과에 미치는 영향

김영준,김창희 한국생산관리학회 2022 한국생산관리학회지 Vol.33 No.1

지역경제에 대한 항만의 중요성으로 국내 항만은 항만기본계획에 따라 1992년부터 규모를 확대하며 눈부신 성장을 이루었다. 하지만 지속적인 안전사고와 2021년 4월 평택항에서 발생한 하역근로자 사망사고는 그간의 미흡했던 항만 안전관리에 대중들의 이목을 집중시키며 기존의 안전사고 예방활동 및 관리체계에 대한 재검토의 필요성을 부각시켰다. 그러나항만의 안전관리를 위한 국내 항만 위험관리연구는 위험평가 프레임 개발을 위한 위험요인의 식별과 이들의 위험성 평가에만 초점을 맞추고 있어 위험관리의 영향을 정량적으로 측정한 연구는 부재한 상황이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 부트스트랩 자료포락분석을 활용하여 항만 및 지역경제의 효율성과 항만의 위험관리 효율성을 측정하고, 토빗 회귀분석을이용하여 위험관리 효율성이 항만과 지역경제의 효율성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 분석결과, 항만의 위험관리 효율성은 항만의 운영효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 항만의 수익효율성과 지역경제효율성에 대한 영향은 검증되지 않았다. 이는 항만의 다양한 작업환경에서 항만근로자의 안전사고를 미연에방지하고자 하는 기존의 안전규칙 및 예방활동이 목적에 따라 긍정적인 효과가 있으며 향후 항만 위험관리에 있어 지속적으로 수행되고 강화될 필요가 있음을 의미한다. 그리고 최근 항만안전특별법 제정안 발의에 따른 안전감독관제도 역시 적극적으로 도입하여 항만근로자의 자율적인 안전관리를 촉진하고 안전사고 발생위험을 효과적으로 감소시킬 필요가 있음을시사한다. Continuous safety accidents and deaths of unloading workers at Pyeongtaek Port in April 2021 drew public attention to port safety management, highlighting the need to review existing safety accident prevention activities and management systems. However, as studies for port safety management focus only on identifying risk factors for risk assessment frame development and evaluating their risk, no studies quantitatively measure the impact of risk management. Therefore, this study measured the efficiency of port and regional economy and risk management efficiency of ports using bootstrap data envelopment analysis. Furthermore, it evaluated the effect of risk management efficiency on port and regional economy using Tobit regression analysis. The results showed that the risk management efficiency of the port had a positive effect on the port's operational efficiency. However, the effect on the port's profit efficiency and regional economic efficiency were not verified. Accordingly, this study presents directions for improving port risk management, because it provides basic research for evaluating the impact of risk management on ports in the future.

비도시지역의 효율적 관리방안

윤동순(尹東淳),최민섭(崔敏燮) 한국지역개발학회 2014 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

This study was intended to consider the scheme for efficient management of the non-urban region in Kangwon-do in order to unplanned development. In keeping with the regional development project in the non-urban region of cities and counties in Kangwon-do since the latter half of the 2000s, the small-scale drip development has been on the increase. For this reason, the need for management of the non-urban region is mounting in accordance with the future sustainable growth of cities and their fiscal conditions. This study constitutes an investigation into the present situation of the operating realities of the non-urban region in Kangwon-do, into the direction of its management through the questionnaire research of the working-level staff and into the scheme for improving the management of the non-urban region. Based on the study results, this study presented the following schemes for prevention of the unsustainable development of the non-urban region and for its management: the scheme for improvement of critical infrastructure such as roads, water and sewage infrastructure and the like; the scheme for strengthening its burden; the scheme for controlling the landscape-/natural environment-centered development of the planned management area; the scheme for induction of the allowable use to prevent the mixed existence of district unit planning and use; the management scheme and criterion through the allowance of stepwise development capacity in terms of the securing of developable land, the setting of the growth management zone and urban growth management; and the scheme for complementing the criterion for subdivision and screening of the non-urban region.