연구논문 : 저장온도에 따른 돼지 막창의 품질

오남궁 ( Nam Goong Oh ),정재현 ( Jae Hyun Jeong ),최웅규 ( Ung Kyu Choi ) 한국식품영양학회 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

신선한 암퇘지 막창부위의 지방을 제거학도, 분쇄기로 잘게 파쇄하여 가열하지 안은 것과 100℃의 autoclave에서 10분간 가영할 것으로 나누어 polyethylene film으로 1차 포장한후 알루미늄 호일로 2차 포장한 다음, 각각 1℃, 5℃및 10℃에서 보관하면서 품질 변화를 관찰하였다. 저장 온도를 달리한 파쇄막창의 pH는 6.5~7.0의 범위를 나타내었으며 생막창에 비해 가열막창에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 저장 중 TBA가는 가열막창이 생막창보다 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 10℃ 저장에서는 4일 이후 급격히 증하하였다. 5℃ 저장에서는 생막창의 경우10℃에서 저장할 경우 8일, 5℃에서 저장할 경우 12일, 1℃에서 저장할 경우 16일까지는 저장이 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 가열한 막창의 경우 10℃에서 8일, 5℃에서 14일, 1℃에서 16일까지 저장이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 막창을 10℃에서 냉장 유통할 경우 6일 이내의 유통기간 설정이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 대장균군의 사멸과 중온균과 호냉성 균의 효율적인 억제를 위해서는 막창을 100℃에서 20분 동안 가열하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. This study is conducted to investigate the shelf life of pork rectum stored at refrigerated temperatures (1, 5 and 10℃). The pH of the boiled pork rectum (7.1±0.1) was slightly higher than that of the raw pork rectum (6.7±0.1). TBA value of the boiled pork rectum was higher than that of raw pork rectum. The TBA values of the raw and boiled pork rectum stored at 10℃ was rapidly increased at 4 days after beginning of preservation. The TBA values of raw and boiled pork rectum stored at 5℃ rapidly increased after 8 and 6 days after beginning of preservation, respectively. VBN values of both raw and boiled rectum preserved at 10℃ were maintained below 20 ㎎% for 8 days since the beginning of storage. Furthermore, it is preferred that the pork rectum was boiled for 20 minutes at 100℃ to restrain mesophiles, psychrophiles, and coliform bacteria effectively. Thus, the most desirable condition was when the pork rectum was consumed within 6 days and stored at 10℃.

직장 및 S자 결장에서 관찰되는 비교적 드문 질환

송근암 ( Geun Am Song ) 대한장연구학회 2006 Intestinal Research Vol.4 No.1

The rectum is approximately 10 to 15 cm in length and extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal. It contribute to defecation as the rectal walls expand, stretch receptors from the nervous system located in the rectal walls stimulate the desire to defecate. There are some differences between rectum and colon. The rectum is divided into two portion by peritoneal reflection and makes pouch. The pouch is associated with many pathologic conditions, such as rectal shelf in stomach cancer, rectal endometriosis, and spread of pelvic inflammation. The inferior mesenteric arteries and middle, inferior rectal arteries supply the rectum. This dual blood supply system causes different incidence of ischemic inserts and metastatic site in rectum and colon cancer. The function of anal sphincter and rectum in pelvic cavity is significantly important in defecation and its disturbance causes some specific rectal disease. Due to its position, rectum may be injuried by external and internal events and show the initial suggestion of colorectal disease. We describe uncommon specific diseases in rectum classified into inflammatory diseases, functional disease and tumor. (Intestinal Research 2006;4:1-6)

생강의 첨가가 분쇄막창의 저장특성에 미치는 영향

최원석,최웅규,Choi, Won-Seok,Choi, Ung-Kyu 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger addition (1%, 5% and 10%) on the quality of ground pork rectum. No significant difference in the pH was found between raw and cooked pork rectum during storage; however, the pH of cooked rectum was slightly lower than raw rectum. The TBA value of the cooked pork rectum (0.25 mg/kg) was higher than raw pork rectum (0.1 mg/kg). In addition, the TBA values of both raw and cooked pork rectum increased as storage progressed. The TBA value was found to decrease in proportion to the amount of ginger added. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values also decreased with the addition of ginger. Consequently, considering that the initial stage of decomposition was 30~40%, it was determined that it would be desirable to consume the raw and cooked pork rectum within 4 and 6 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Further, it was found that the addition of 10% ginger could extend the storage period beyond the 4 days at $5^{\circ}C$. 신선한 암퇘지의 막창부위에 지방을 제거하고 파쇄기로 잘게 부수어 가열하지 않은 것과 $100^{\circ}C$의 autoclave에서 10분간 가열한 것에 분쇄한 생강을 1, 5 및 10%가 되게 첨가하여 polyethylene film으로 1차 포장한 후 알루미늄 호일로 2차 포장한 다음 $5^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 품질의 변화를 관찰하였다. 저장 중 pH는 첨가구 사이의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 가열한 막창이 다소 낮은 값을 나타내었다. TBA가는 각각 0.1 mg/kg과 0.25 mg/kg으로 가열 막창이 생막창보다 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 두 처리구에서 모두 생강의 첨가가 TBA-value의 상승을 억제시켜 저장성을 연장시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 휘발성 염기질소의 함량은 생강의 첨가로 감소하였으며, 30~40 mg%의 초기부패 판정기준을 고려할 때 생막창은 $5^{\circ}C$에서 4일, 가열막창은 6일 이내에 소비하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다. VBN 함량을 기준으로 10% 생강의 첨가는 가열막창의 저장기간을 4일 가량 연장시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

Long-term Prognosis of Localized Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Rectum

( Ji Taek Hong ),( Eun Ran Kim ),( Sung-wook Park ),( Ji Won Kim ),( Sung Noh Hong ),( Dong Kyung Chang ),( Young-ho Kim ),( Jun Hun Cho ) 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.1

Background/Aims: Although localized lymphoid hyperplasia (LLH) of the rectum is occasionally observed, its clinical implications are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course and significance of LLH of the rectum. Methods: We identified 65 patients diagnosed with LLH of the rectum using a histopathologic examination and who received follow-up endoscopies between January 2009 and June 2015. Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, or uncontrolled malignancy and patients who underwent scar biopsy after endoscopic resection or surgery were excluded. Endoscopic findings and clinical courses were analyzed. Results: During the median follow-up of 31 months (interquartile range, 19 to 40 months), 81.5% (53/65) of LLHs of the rectum were resolved. Clinically significant diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC, n=5) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (n=1), were diagnosed in 9.2% of patients (6/65). The other six patients showed no significant changes in the lesion (n=3) or a waxing and waning appearance (n=3). According to endoscopic findings, all of the 47 polypoid types showed resolution or waxing and waning patterns. Five of the 11 nodular types (45.5%) developed into UC. One of the seven submucosal tumor (SMT)-like types (14.3%) developed into MALT lymphoma. Conclusions: LLH of the rectum with persistent symptoms or the endoscopic appearance of the nodular or SMT-like type may lead to clinically significant disease. Risk stratification according to endoscopic findings and careful surveillance are required for these lesions. (Gut Liver 2021;15:77-84)

크론씨병으로 오인한 전 대장, 직장을 침범한 대장암

남영수 대한외과학회 2004 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.67 No.3

Primary linitis plastica of the colon, rectum and ileum is very uncommon, especially when it mimicks the colonic Crohn's disease. We observed this uncommon disease in a 26-year-old male. Barium enema showed characteristics of multiple consentric lesions in the entire colon, and some irregularity in mesenteric border of the terminal ileum. Colonofiberscopic finding showed multiple cobble stone appearance of the colon with a skipped area. The result of the biopsy illustrated that there was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 5 cm from the anal verge. A longitudinal duodenal ulcer was discovered using the gastroscopic method. Upper gastrointestinal and small bowel series showed a suspicious gastric and duodenal Crohn's disease, and also showed ileum involvement. Operative finding showed a lead pipe appearance of the total colon, and the rectum was very fixed to the bladder and pelvic floor. The mesentery of the colon was thickened, and some portion of mesenteric creeping of the ileum was found to be mimicking Crohn's disease. The duodenal wall was also thickened. The biopsy result showed that there was a total involvement of the colon, rectum and ileum with signet-ring cell type adenocarcinoma with intact mucosa with the exception of a little portion of the rectum. This disease is very uncommon, and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, especially in Oriental countries.

배변증상이 있는 환자에서 비디오 촬영을 이용한 배변조영술

유정현,김광호 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2001 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.24 No.1

Purpose : While some information about colonic function may be obtained from fluoroscopic assessment, detailed depiction of function of the rectum and anal canal during defecation is not possible with conventional technique. Defecography is a useful technique of examining the rectum and canal in which the patient is studied while sitting down and video recordings could be obtained during the procedure. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of defecography in patients with anorectal dysfunction, defecographic examinations were retrogradely reviewed. Materials and Methods : Thirty symptomatic patients performed defecography. The ratio of men : women was 9 : 21, and the age was 8 to 86 years(mean, 36year). Presenting symptoms included a sensation of rectal blockage during straining, rectal prolapse through the anus, anal pain, etc.. While the patient was in the left decubitus position, 250㎖ of a thick barium past was injected into the rectum. The patient was then seated a toilet chair mounted on the footplate of a remote-control stand. And lateral images and video recording centered over the rectum and true pelvis obtained over a period of several minutes, both at rest and during and sqeezing and straining. The defecographaic results were analyzed for the anorectal angle and perineal descent at rest, sqeezing and during straining. Change of rectal configuration and canal width during staining were reviewed. Results : Defecation was normal in 5 patients(16.6%). Rectocele was seen in 17case(56.6%). Rectal proplase with or without intususception was 11 case(36.3%), 3 cases(10%) of sigmoidcele, and 2 cases(6.6%) of dynsfunction of puborectalis. There was a 1 case(3.3%) of rectal polyp. Seven cases(23%) show combined findings : 2 cases with rectocele, rectal intussusception and sigmoidcele, 4 cases with rectocele, rectal intussusecption and rectal prolapse, rectocele and dynsfunction of puborectalis in 1 case. The measurement of anorectal angel was 65°-125°(mean, 104°) in resting state, 57°-90°(mean, 63°) in sqezzing, and 78°-115°(mean, 103°) in straining state. Conclusion : Defecography with video recording is a useful study in assessment and diagnosis of various discase causing anorectal dysfunciton. However, the measurement of anorectal angle was wide range without statistical significance.

변비로 발현한 직장 간질종양

이신아,심기남,노선희,이민진,김혜인,전승정,오다연,홍승철,류재인,김광호 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2011 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.34 No.2

A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract and expresses CD117, a c-kit proto-oncogene, which can be detected immunohistochemically. We reported a GIST of the rectum of a 61-year-old-woman who had visited emergency room complaining of constipation over one week. Upon rectal examination, a round hard mass was palpated. Colonoscopy showed a 7×5 cm sized protruded lesion with surface ulceration on a rectum, adjacent the anus. And abdomen computed tomography revealed the soft tissue mass compressing anterolateral wall of the rectum and these findings suggest possibility of rectal submucosal tumor such as GIST. The patient had been treated with a ultra anorectal anastomosis with loop ileostomy. Immunohistochemical studies on the surgically resected specimen showed c-kit (+) and CD34 (+). The final diagnosis was a GIST of the rectum. She was grouped into high risk and she has been given adjuvant chemotherapy with Imatinib.

방사선 치료로 치유된 직장 MALT 림프종 1예

민준기 ( Joon Gi Min ),최재호 ( Jae Ho Choi ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),차재명 ( Jae Myung Cha ),이정일 ( Joung Il Lee ),주광로 ( Kwang Ro Joo ),신현필 ( Hyun Phil Shin ),박재준 ( Jae Jun Park ),정원규 ( Weo 대한장연구학회 2012 Intestinal Research Vol.10 No.2

Primary rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a particularly rare disease, comprising <1% of gastrointestinal lymphomas. Although antibiotic therapy has been demonstrated effective for gastric MALT lymphoma, the optimal treatment for MALT lymphoma of the rectum is unknown. Radiotherapy or surgery is often used to treat limited stage MALT lymphoma of the rectum. Here, we describe a case of a 44-year-old-man, who was diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the rectum through colonoscopy. Other staging evaluations, including upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdomino-pelvic CT, chest CT, 18F fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, and a bone marrow examination showed no other abnormalities, except stage IA para-rectal lymphadenopathy. The patient received 2 months of radiotherapy without major toxicity. A follow-up abdomino-pelvic CT scan revealed marked improvement in the volume of rectal lymphoma and adjacent lymph nodes. Mucosal nodularity of the lower rectum had completely regressed at the follow-up endoscopy and complete remission was confirmed with a biopsy. (Intest Res 2012;10:201-205)

Interfraction variation and dosimetric changes during imageguided radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients

Frederik Fuchs,Gregor Habl,Michal Deveč,ka,Severin Kampfer,Stephanie E,Combs,Kerstin A,Kessel 대한방사선종양학회 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify volume changes and dose variations of rectum and bladder during radiation therapy in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 20 patients with PC treated with helical tomotherapy. Daily image guidance was performed. We re-contoured the entire bladder and rectum including its contents as well as the organ walls on megavoltage computed tomography once a week. Dose variations were analyzed by means of Dmedian, Dmean, Dmax, V 10 to V 75 , as well as the organs at risk (OAR) volume. Further, we investigated the correlation between volume changes and changes in Dmean of OAR. Results: During treatment, the rectal volume ranged from 62% to 223% of its initial volume, the bladder volume from 22% to 375%. The average Dmean ranged from 87% to 118% for the rectum and 58% to 160% for the bladder. The Pearson correlation coefficients between volume changes and corresponding changes in Dmean were -0.82 for the bladder and 0.52 for the rectum. The comparison of the dose wall histogram (DWH) and the dose volume histogram (DVH) showed that the DVH underestimates the percentage of the rectal and bladder volume exposed to the high dose region. Conclusion: Relevant variations in the volume of OAR and corresponding dose variations can be observed. For the bladder, an increase in the volume generally leads to lower doses; for the rectum, the correlation is weaker. Having demonstrated remarkable differences in the dose distribution of the DWH and the DVH, the use of DWHs should be considered.

Interfraction variation and dosimetric changes during image-guided radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients

Fuchs, Frederik,Habl, Gregor,Devecka, Michal,Kampfer, Severin,Combs, Stephanie E.,Kessel, Kerstin A. The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2019 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify volume changes and dose variations of rectum and bladder during radiation therapy in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 20 patients with PC treated with helical tomotherapy. Daily image guidance was performed. We re-contoured the entire bladder and rectum including its contents as well as the organ walls on megavoltage computed tomography once a week. Dose variations were analyzed by means of Dmedian, Dmean, Dmax, V₁₀ to V₇₅, as well as the organs at risk (OAR) volume. Further, we investigated the correlation between volume changes and changes in Dmean of OAR. Results: During treatment, the rectal volume ranged from 62% to 223% of its initial volume, the bladder volume from 22% to 375%. The average Dmean ranged from 87% to 118% for the rectum and 58% to 160% for the bladder. The Pearson correlation coefficients between volume changes and corresponding changes in Dmean were -0.82 for the bladder and 0.52 for the rectum. The comparison of the dose wall histogram (DWH) and the dose volume histogram (DVH) showed that the DVH underestimates the percentage of the rectal and bladder volume exposed to the high dose region. Conclusion: Relevant variations in the volume of OAR and corresponding dose variations can be observed. For the bladder, an increase in the volume generally leads to lower doses; for the rectum, the correlation is weaker. Having demonstrated remarkable differences in the dose distribution of the DWH and the DVH, the use of DWHs should be considered.