한국 3개 지역 고등학생에서 알레르기질환의 유병률에 대한 조사

김봉성 ( Bong Seong Kim ),김효빈 ( Hyo Bin Kim ),이소연 ( So Yeon Lee ),김자형 ( Ja Hyeung Kim ),진현승 ( Hyun Seung Jin ),김병주 ( Byung Ju Kim ),유진호 ( Jin Ho Yu ),유선미 ( Sun Mi Yoo ),홍수종 ( Soo Jong Hong ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2007 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.27 No.3

Background: Whereas allergic disease has a high morbidity among adolescents, there have been few reports concerning asthma prevalence using objective parameters such as methacholine bronchial provocation tests in this age group. Objective: Thus we investigate the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases using questionnaires and measuring bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in high school students in Korea. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1499 high school students, from 3 regions in Korea between April and May, 2006. They responded to a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires. 709 subjects of them underwent methacholine bronchial challenge test. Result: The WQ showed that the lifetime and 12-month prevalences of wheeze were 16.0% and 8.9%. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis was 7.0% and 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment was 1.5%. By video questionnaire, the lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of wheeze were 7.9% and 5.5%. The prevalence of current asthma based on the questionnaire and bronchial challenge tests was 3.2%. The prevalence of current asthma and BHR were higher in female than in male subjects. For 12-month prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were 37.7% and 11.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of current asthma in high school students were 3.2%. Despite the fact that 12-month prevalence of wheeze and lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis were 8.9% was 7.0%, only 1.5% of answered subjects received asthma treatment. Its prevalence was still low compared to asthma prevalence. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;27:168-175)

Hypertension prevalence and its trend in Bangladesh: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chowdhury Mohammad Ziaul Islam,Rahman Meshbahur,Akter Tanjila,Akhter Tania,Ahmed Arifa,Shovon Minhajul Arifin,Farhana Zaki,Chowdhury Nashit,Turin Tanvir C. 대한고혈압학회 2020 Clinical Hypertension Vol.26 No.3

Background: Hypertension, itself being a major chronic condition, is one of the most significant risk factors for premature cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Hypertension is responsible for 13% of global deaths and threequarters of the world’s hypertensive population reside in low- and middle-income countries. Bangladesh is one of those countries that experiencing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases, a nutritional transition from a traditional diet to process and fast food, and an increase in a sedentary lifestyle, resulting in increased hypertension prevalence. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify existing research on hypertension prevalence in Bangladesh, summarize findings and assess its temporal change. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed and relevant references to identify studies on the prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh. We used Random-effects meta-analysis to pool the prevalence estimates and performed subgroup analyses. We assessed heterogeneity, a trend in prevalence of hypertension and publication bias in selected studies. Results: Our search initially identified 735 articles and after removing duplicates, reviewing titles and abstracts, and screening full texts, 53 studies were finally selected. The studies comprised 305,432 subjects and reported overall, gender-specific, geographical location specific and criteria specific prevalence of hypertension. We identified the range of hypertension prevalence is from 1.10% to 75.0% and the overall weighted pooled prevalence of hypertension is 20.0%. An extremely high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.53%; Cochran Q-statistic p < 0.001) was observed in the prevalence of hypertension. Consequently, we performed subgroup analysis based on gender, age group and geographical location of the study participants, the cut-off level used to define hypertension, and the types of hypertension reported and presented our findings accordingly. An overall increasing trend of hypertension prevalence is also observed. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension is high and rising in Bangladesh. Strategies targeting prevention are required to mitigate a further increase in the prevalence and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it.

A 9-year Trend in the Prevalence of Allergic Disease Based on National Health Insurance Data

박윤형,Byoungin Yoo,Kwanjun Park,Hoseob Kim 대한예방의학회 2015 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.48 No.6

Objectives: To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence. Results: The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%. Conclusions: There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients’ self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.

A 9-year Trend in the Prevalence of Allergic Disease Based on National Health Insurance Data

Yoo, Byoungin,Park, Yoonhyung,Park, Kwanjun,Kim, Hoseob The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2015 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.48 No.6

Objectives: To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence. Results: The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%. Conclusions: There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients' self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.

철강업체와 용접봉 제조업체에 근무하는 생산직 근로자의 직업성 요통 유병률과 관련 요인

임현술,김수근,김덕수,김두희,이종민,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group that the satisfied group (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job (point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61: one year prevalence : OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence OR=1.94 95% CI : 1.44-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI : 1.70-2.77) and tenure (point prevalence : OR=1.03, 95% CI : 1.01-1.06; one year prevalence : OR=1.02, 95% CI : 1.00-1.05).

Prevalence of NAFLD in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 195 Studies and 1,753,168 Subjects from 13 Countries

( Jie Li ),( Biyao Zou ),( Hideki Fujii ),( Yee Hui Yeo ),( Fanpu Ji ),( Dong Hyun Lee ),( Yuemin Feng ),( Xiaoyu Xie ),( Wanhua Ren ),( Qiang Zhu ),( Mindie H. Nguyen ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: NAFLD is generally correlated with the obesity epidemic. Asia is a heterogeneous region with varying socioeconomic levels and obesity prevalence; therefore, our goal was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in Asia through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1989 to 2017 for relevant studies reporting NAFLD prevalence in Asia. All studies were reviewed by three independent investigators. We used random-effects models to provide point estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) of prevalence. Publication bias was assessed by Egger weighted regression Methods. Results: From the 2700 titles and abstracts reviewed, 195 papers from 13 countries met the inclusion criteria and included 1,753,168 subjects. The overall pooled prevalence for NAFLD in Asia was 31% (95% CI: 29-32). Individual country prevalence was shown in Table 1. In countries with more than 3 studies, the lowest prevalence was seen in Japan (24%, 95% CI: 21-28) and the highest in Iran (36%, 95%CI 31-41). Notably, pooled prevalence from studies with sample <1,000 subjects was much higher (34%, 95% CI: 31-38, 45 studies, n=23,857) than estimate from larger studies (≥1,000 subjects) (30%, 95% CI: 28- 31, 150 studies, n=172,9311). By sub-regions within Asia (Table 2), there was significant regional differences (P<0.01) with the highest NAFLD prevalence seen in West Asia (33%, 95% CI: 28-39, 13 studies, n=32,142) and the lowest in Southeast Asia (24%, 95% CI: 15-33, 5 studies, n=3457). By country income levels, NAFLD prevalence was 30% (95% CI: 29-32, 89 studies, n=1,005,409) for high-income countries and 31% (95% CI: 29-33, 106 studies, n=747,759) for middle-income countries (P<0.63). Conclusions: Overall NAFLD prevalence in Asia is 31% similar to Western countries and by country-income levels within Asia but varies by some sub-regions or Asia with the highest prevalence in West Asia (33%).

Trend of Asthma Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Age Band of Twenties in South Korea

( Da Som Jeon ),( Min Ju Kim ),( Jae Seung Lee ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Yeon-mok Oh ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.0

Background It has been reported that the prevalence of asthma has increased in many countries. However, it is not well known how the prevalence of asthma has not been well known according to age. So, we aim to analyze the prevalence and the trend of asthma prevalence according to age and also to analyze related risk factors. Methods We analyzed the trend of asthma prevalence using public data, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey from the year 2007 to 2018. Among adults, we analyzed by dividing the age group into 10-year intervals, the presence of asthma was confirmed by subject-reported physician-diagnosed asthma. In this study, logistic regression analysis with a complex sample design was performed to analyze the risk factors for age groups with increased asthma prevalence. Results 74,581 subjects over the age of twenty were included, the average age was 46.3 year-old, and the men were 49.6%. From 2007 to 2018, the prevalence of asthma increased only in the age of twenties. The asthma prevalence of the subjects with the age band of the twenties was 0.7% in 2007 and 5.1% in 2018 (p-value <0.001 for joinpoint regression). In these subjects, the logistic regression analysis revealed that only obesity with a higher body mass index was a significant risk factor for asthma. The odds ratios are 1.703 for obesity with higher body mass index (95% confidence interval, 1.079-2.689); 0.636 for men (0.390- 1.036); 1.088 for lower-income (0.670-1.767); 0.762 for lower education (0.475-1.224); 1.234 for non-smoker (0.780-1.952); 0.649 for non-exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (0.315-1.335); 0.779 for lower vitamin D level (0.485-1.253). Conclusions From 2007 to 2018, the prevalence of asthma in South Korea is significantly increased in the subjects with the age band of the twenties. The increase of asthma in this age band may be related to obesity.

고혈압, 당뇨, 뇌졸중 유병률에 대한 지역적 공간 자기상관 분석: 한국의 사례에 대하여

주성하 ( Sungha Ju ),노주환 ( Juhwan Noh ),김창수 ( Changsoo Kim ),허준 ( Joon Heo ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2017 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: This study aims to derive correlation between disease prevalence and geographical adjacency, by using global and local autocorrelation. Methods: In order to derive the correlation, data provided by community health survey was utilized. The data contains disease prevalence rate for hypertension, diabete mellitus, stroke in 2012, covering the whole South Korea. Global autocorrelation analysis was implemented to derive the spatial characteristics of each disease prevalence rate, and local autocorrelation analysis was implemented to derive local spatial patterns of each disease prevalence rate. All the results are visualized into disease prevalence map. Results: All three diseases had significant spatial autocorrelation, and unique local clustering patterns were derived when local autocorrelation analysis was conducted. Spatial outliers, where disease prevalence rate was significantly different, were found and analyzed accordingly. Conclusions: The result of the study brought new insight towards spatial patterns of disease prevalence rate. The patterns of each diseases were unique, and spatial adjacency factor was found to be a grave influential factor in terms of disease prevalence rate. Also outlier regions, where disease prevalence rate is critically higher or lower and adjacent regions, were used for further analysis to figure out the reasons for disease prevalence. This study allows understanding of spatial characteristics of disease prevalence rate, thus enabling the spatial factors to be considered in terms of disease causation analysis, which can aid in decision making and resolving unbalanced medical service of community.

표적 출현확률에 따른 시각탐색 정보처리 특성

박형범,손한결,현주석 한국인지과학회 2015 인지과학 Vol.26 No.3

In our daily life, the probability of target prevalence in visual search varies from very low to high. However, most laboratory studies of visual search used a fixed probability of target prevalence at 50%. The present study examined the properties of information processing during visual search where the probability of target prevalence was manipulated to vary from low (20%), medium (50%), to high (80%). The search items were made of simple shape stimuli, and search accuracy, signal detection measures, and reaction times (RTs) were analyzed for characterizing the effect of target prevalence on the information processing strategies for visual search. The analyses showed that the rates of misses increased whereas those of false alarms decreased in the search condition of low target prevalence, whereas the pattern was reversed in the high prevalence condition. Signal detection measures revealed that the target prevalence shifted response criterion (c) without affecting sensitivity (d’). In addition, RTs for correct rejection responses in the target-absent trials became delayed as the prevalence increased, whereas those for hits in the target-present trials were relatively constant regardless of the prevalence. The RT delay in the target-absent trials indicates that increased target prevalence made the ‘quitting threshold’ for search termination more conservative. These results support an account that the target prevalence effect in visual search arises from a shift of decision criteria and the subsequent changes in search information processing, while rejecting the account of a speed-accuracy tradeoff. 일상생활에서의 시각탐색의 대상이 되는 표적 사물의 출현 가능성 즉 출현 확률은 매우 낮은경우부터 높은 경우까지 다양하다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 실험실 상황의 시각 탐색 연구에서 표적의 출현 확률은 대개 50%의 확률로 고정되는 경우가 대부분이다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 표적출현확률의 영향 하에 시각탐색 과정에서의 정보처리 특성을 조사하였다. 지각적으로 단순한 도형자극으로 구성된 시각탐색과제가 실시되었으며, 탐색 표적이 제시되는 빈도를 저빈도(20%)와중립빈도(50%), 또는 고빈도(80%)로 달리함으로써 표적 출현확률이 탐색 정보처리 책략에 미치는영향을 탐색 정확도, 신호탐지 측정치 그리고 반응시간 차원에서 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 표적이드물게 출현할수록 실수율이 증가하고 헛경보율이 감소했으며 반대로 고빈도 표적탐색에서는 역전된 패턴이 관찰되었다. 신호탐지 분석 결과, 이러한 결과는 민감도가 아닌 탐색 반응기준의 이동에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 반응시간 차원에서, 표적 있음 시행에서의 적중 반응은 출현확률과 관계없이 일정했던 반면 표적 없음 시행에 대한 정확한 기각 반응은 출현확률에 비례해지연된 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 표적이 빈번하게 출현할수록 표적 없음 상황에서 탐색을종료하기 위한 탐색 역치 기준이 보수적이었음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 표적 출현확률 효과가 단순히 반응편향에 따른 속도-정확도 교환이 아닌 의사결정 기준의 변화에 기초한 상이한탐색 정보처리 과정의 산물임을 시사한다.

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in Korea Using Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hwayeon Park,정세영,Kiheon Lee,Woo Kyung Bae,이기헌,한종수,Sarah Kim,Seryung Choo,Jin-Mook Jeong,Hyun-Ray Kim,Hyun Jung Ro,Hansol Jeong 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.3

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The awareness and treatment rate of the disease are low despite its relatively high prevalence. With the added data, this study aimed to identify changes in prevalence and risk factors of COPD using the data from the 5th KNHNES. Methods: The subjects of this study were 8,969 individuals aged 40 and older who satisfied suitability and reproducibility for pulmonary function tests. The prevalence, awareness and risk factors of COPD were predicted based on the questionnaires on gender, age, educational level, income level, smoking history, body mass index (BMI) and other COPD related questions. Results: Diagnosis of COPD was based on the airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <0.7) of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. The prevalence of COPD from 2010 to 2012 was 13.7%, of which 23.3% was men and 6.5% women. The prevalence was on the rise, with 12.2% in 2010, 13.2% in 2011, and 15.5% in 2012. In GOLD stage 1, the percentages of those who had cough or sputum and smoking history were 12.1% and 75.5%, respectively, but only 0.1% was diagnosed with COPD. Even after adjusting for asthma and tuberculosis, men, old age, larger amount of smoking were linked with a higher prevalence of COPD, and obese and higher educational level were associated with a lower prevalence of COPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD in Korea has been increasing every year, and a higher prevalence was associated with male, older age, more amount of smoking, lower educational level and lower BMI.