Identification of trichothecene-type mycotoxins in toxic mushroom <i>Podostroma cornu-damae</i> and biological specimens from a fatal case by LC–QTOF/MS

Choe, Sanggil,In, Sangwhan,Jeon, Youngjoon,Choi, Hyeyoung,Kim, Suncheun Elsevier 2018 Forensic science international Vol.291 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In some autopsy cases, there are unknown natural toxins that are suspected to cause serious damage to the person. However, without reference materials, it is almost impossible to identify the suspicious natural toxins by GC–MS or LC–MS. In this case, a man drank mushroom −liquor with a meal at his home. Seven hours later, he was transported to the emergency room, and 12hours later, he died. In the ingested mushroom-infused-liquor, there were pieces of mushroom that were estimated to be <I>Podostroma cornu-damae</I> (Hypocreaceae) based on their morphological characteristics. To identify the species, chemical component analysis was conducted using LC–QTOF–MS/MS. Monoisotopic mass, fragment ions, and isotope distributions were obtained from the LC–QTOF–MS/MS analysis. In addition, fragment ions and structure matching were tested for target compound confirmation. In this analysis, several toxic trichothecene-type mycotoxins were identified including roridin D, roridin E, roridin Q, satratoxin G, satratoxin H, satratoxin H 12′-acetate, satratoxin H 13′-acetate, satratoxin H 12′,13′-diacetate, and verrucarol. At autopsy, heart blood, peripheral blood, and the stomach contents were collected, and only satratoxin H was detected in these samples. This is the first finding of a trichothecene-type mycotoxin in a human biological sample from an expected case of <I>P. cornu-damae</I> intoxication. We demonstrated that LC–QTOF–MS/MS analysis was an effective method for mushroom intoxication cases in the absence of reference materials. Additionally, the experience, knowledge, and analytical methods we obtained in this study will be great assets for solving other cases of possible natural toxin intoxication.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A 69 years old man drank mushroom-liquor, and died 19h later after ingestion. </LI> <LI> The mushroom was identified to toxic muchroom <I>Podostroma cornu-damae.</I> </LI> <LI> Eight trichothecene-type mycotoxins were identified from mushroom sample. </LI> <LI> Satratoxin H was detected in biological samples from autopsy. </LI> </UL> </P>

Two Cases of Mushroom Poisoning by Podostroma Cornu-Damae

안진영,석순자,송제은,최중호,최준용,김창오,송영구,김준명,한상훈 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.1

Podostroma cornu-damae is a rare fungus that houses a fatal toxin in its fruit body. In this case report, two patients collected and boiled the wild fungus in water, which they drank for one month. One patient died, presenting with desquamation of the palms and soles, pancytopenia, severe sepsis and multiple organ failure. The other patient recovered after one month of conservative care after admission. We found a piece of Podostroma cornu-damae in the remaining clusters of mushrooms. Mushroom poisoning by Podostroma cornu-damae has never been previously reported in Korea.

Two cases of incidental Podostroma cornu-damae poisoning

김희녕,도한호,서준석,김희영 대한응급의학회 2016 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.3 No.3

Podostroma cornu-damae is a rare, deadly fungus. However, it can be easily mistaken for antler Ganoderma lucidum. In this case report, two patients made tea with the fungus and drank it over a 2-week period. Both patients presented with bicytopenia, and one patient had desquamation of the palms and soles. Both were treated with prophylactic antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. One patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and received a platelet transfusion. Both patients were discharged without complications. Podostroma cornu-damae infections caused by intoxication were successfully treated using our treatment strategy, which consisted of prophylactic antibiotics, platelet transfusion, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. We believe this report can guide future treatment.

과립구집락자극인자 투여로 치료한 범혈구감소증과 피부 박리를 보인 붉은사슴뿔버섯 중독 1례

김중석 ( Jung Seok Kim ),김규원 ( Gyu Won Kim ),정재일 ( Jae Il Chung ),심명기 ( Myoung Ki Sim ),윤기철 ( Ki Chul Yoon ),최용훈 ( Yong Hoon Choi ),이하람 ( Ha Ram Yi ),최인주 ( In Zoo Choi ),심찬섭 ( Chan Sup Shim ),한정호 ( Joung 대한임상독성학회 2015 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Podostroma cornu-damae is a rare species of fungus belonging to the Hyocreaceae family. Its fruit body is highly toxic, as it contains trichothecene mycotoxins. The morphology is similar to that of immature Ganoderma lucidum, making identification difficult for non-experts. We experienced such a case of a 56- year-old male who picked and consumed podostroma cornu-damae, and consumed. Later that day, he developed digestive system symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He presented to the emergency room (ER), there were no abnormal physical findings, symptoms improved after gastric lavage, and the patient voluntarily discharged himself on the same day. The following day, as the symptoms gradually deteriorated, he was admitted via the ER. He was presented with severe pancytopenia, alopecia, desquamation of skin, and acute renal failure. He recovered without any complications after conservative care, antibiotics therapy, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor administration. The most commonly reported complications of podostroma cornu-damae intoxication were reported pancytopenia, infection, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, etc. since Prevention is especially important because its toxicity can be lethal and there is no particular treatment to date, prevention is especially important. Promotion and education for the public are needed.

약물과민성증후군과 유사한 임상양상을 보인 붉은사슴뿔버섯 중독 1예

양재남 ( Jae Nam Yang ),강지혁 ( Ji Hyuk Kang ),강윤성 ( Yun Seong Kang ),석순자 ( Soon Ja Seok ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.85 No.2

73세 남자 환자가 건강원에서 동충하초와 버섯으로 만든 술을 복용하고 하루 뒤에 발생한 얼굴 표피탈락과 구강점막염을 주소로 내원하였다. 약물과민성증후군 의심하에 치료하였으나, 환자 사망 이후에 버섯의 성분 분석 결과에서 독버섯으로 알려진 붉은사슴뿔버섯이 확인되었다. 저자들은 약물과민성증후군과 유사한 임상양상을 보인 붉은사슴뿔버섯 중독 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다. The clinical aspects of intoxication can be similar to those of drug hypersensitivity syndrome, including desquamation, hematologic abnormalities, multiple organ failure, and even death. Many people consume mushrooms that they collect in the mountains, and consequently, the incidence of poisonous mushroom intoxication is increasing. Podostroma cornu damae is a poisonous mushroom not well-known to the public that contains trichothecene, a deadly poison. It is difficult to differentiate P. cornu-damae from other edible mushrooms, especially young Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, the general public should be aware of the dangers of indiscreet ingestion of mushrooms. When physicians treat patients presenting clinical symptoms similar to those of drug hypersensitivity reaction following the intake of mushrooms, poisonous mushroom intoxication must be taken into consideration. We report this case together with a literature review, as we experienced one P. cornu-damae intoxication case showing similar clinical aspects to drug hypersensitivity syndrome. (Korean J Med 2013;85:223-228)

Antioxidant, anticancer, and wound-healing properties of roridin E isolated from mycelial culture medium of Podostroma cornudamae mushroom

하시영,이동환,정지영,박한민,양재경 한국버섯학회 2023 한국버섯학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Roridin E, a constituent of Podostroma cornu-damae, has excellent medicinal properties and exhibits powerful anticancer effects. However, being a poisonous mushroom, P. cornu-damae is difficult to find in its natural environment. Therefore, only a limited amount of roridin E is isolated from P. cornu-damae. We isolated roridin E from mycelial culture medium of P. cornu-damae and examined its effects on five breast cancer cell lines. The purity of the isolated roridin E was 96%. It exhibited anticancer effects on all five breast cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of at least 0.0006 mg/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the investigation of effects of roridin E isolated from the mycelium of P. cornu-damae mushrooms on five breast cancer cell lines. However, safety issues should be investigated and addressed in future studies before roridin E is used in clinical settings.

Optimization of submerged culture conditions for roridin E production from the poisonous mushroom Podostroma cornu-damae

Lee, Dong Hwan,Ha, Si Young,Jung, Ji Young,Yang, Jae-Kyung The Korean Society of Mushroom Science 2021 한국버섯학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Roridin E, produced by Podostroma cornu-damae, is a mycotoxin with anticancer activity. To increase the content of roridin E, submerged culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Three factors, namely, medium initial pH, incubation time and agitation speed were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum submerged culture conditions to increase the content of roridin E included a medium with an initial pH of 4.0, an incubation time of 12.90 days, and an agitation speed of 63.03 rpm. The roridin E content in the submerged culture, under the aforementioned conditions, was 40.26 mg/L. The findings of this study can help lower the current price of roridin E and promote its related research.