粤北土話 중에 반영된 客贛방언 성분

모정열 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2017 외국학연구 Vol.- No.40

North Guangdong patois has a very large-scale geographical contact with its neighbouring dialects, including Gan-Hakka dialect, Yue dialect, Southwest Mandarin. North Guangdong patois is a subordinate one by comparing with its neighbouring dialects. Generally speaking, the residents in North Guangdong patois areas only speak their dialect internally(i.e. within their village or at home), and use neighbouring dialects that are in dominance externally. Thus North Guangdong patois will inevitably be influenced and infiltrated by various neighbouring dialects in various aspects, and one of its characteristics manifested in language is the complexity of levels. Therefore, in order to clarify the essential characteristics of North Guangdong patois, I think that efforts should be made to distinguish the original intrinsic components of North Guangdong patois and the components formed by the influence of the neighbouring dialects. This article tried to analyze the Gan-Hakka dialectical components reflected in North Guangdong patois.

湘南土話 중에 반영된 지역 官話 성분

모정열 중국어문학연구회 2018 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.108

Xiangnan Patois and Mandarin in Southern Hunan are clearly different dialects with different Phonological system. However, when we analyze the phonological characteristics of Xiangnan Patois and Mandarin in this region, we can see that Mandarin and Patois have much similar characteristics although there are certain differences in each region. This seems to be due to the fact that Xiangnan Patois and Mandarin in this region have been influenced each other for a long time under the special linguistic environment using both Patois and Mandarin. In this paper, we focus on the influence of Mandarin, which is the strongest dialect of this region, tried to analyze the constituents formed by the influence of Mandarin in this region among the phonological characteristics of Xiangnan Patois. I tried to analyze the details in three areas: Initials, Finals and Tones. I hope that this kind of work will provide some reference materials for the linguistic area that studies the changes in dialect due to dialect contacts.

평양방언과 무순방언의 음운특징 비교 연구

장성일(Chang Sung il) 서울여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 인문논총 Vol.19 No.-

This thesis is aim at comparing and contemplation the common point and the difference between the North, South Pyongyang patois which considered to be the origin of northwest dialect and northwest dialect widely used in Fushun. Because the indigenous characteristic of northwest dialect has been changed a lot through the Cultural Language Propagation Movement. The language materials used in the thesis were collected by observing and surveying the Korean-Chineses' language difference and choosing informers from the old level (over 60 years old) and the youth level (over 30 years old) whose native place is Pyongyang Province now live in Fushun district, Liaoning province, which has the second population of the Korean-Chinese whose native place is Pyongyang Province. And the survey listened and checked the language directly that every social stratums such as the middle-aged and aged people, teachers, young students, doctors, nurses, residents, broadcasters and instructors are using. Then observed the natural utterance induced by the informer or their unconscious talk then confirmed the alterations and the transformations of the swing. In general, the traditional swing characteristic of northwest dialect is kept more perfect in Korean-Chinese district than that in the mainland, as for the northwest dialect in the mainland, while it still have kept part of traditional characteristics but it becomes almost cultural-language character. The change can be regard as a result that the Cultural Language Propagation Movement lasted for decades in North Korea to make the dialect became destructive.

황간 방언의 음운론적 고찰

유소연(Yu, So-yeon) 충남대학교 충청문화연구소 2015 충청문화연구 Vol.14 No.-

Chungcheongbuk-do Yeongdong-gun Hwanggan-myeon belongs to Chungcheongbuk -do, geographically speaking, it also is close to Gyeongsangbuk- do. This place has a mixed-lingual features of Jeollabuk-do and the Gyeongsangbuk -do. Especially, Hwanggan-myeon Nangok-ri is in active-interaction with Gyeongsangbuk-do Sangju-si, which displays the lingual aspects of Gyeongsangbuk -do as well. This paper will focus on the peculiarity of Gyeongsang-patois of Hwangganmyeon area. By categorizing and analyzing the monophthong system(/i, E, (u), ∃, (?), a, u, o/) and diphthong system(/ya, y∃, yu, yo, yE, wa, w∃, wE, ?i/) of the Gyeongsang-patois using related phoneme to specify the lingual aspect of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Patios from centeral part of Korea has more tendency of semi-vowel-drop-out than the other regions. Using High-vowel phenomenon and front-vowel phenomenon, we confirmed the phonetic-value of vowel. Round-vowel phenomenon has proven that the retro-assimilation is available. Also, elimination of ‘ㄴ’, ‘ㅎ’ consonant, similar to the ones shown in the Gyeongsang-patois has also been confirmed, showing that these two are closely related.

李崇寧 선생의 方言 採集과 方言 硏究

이병근 한국방언학회 2009 방언학 Vol.0 No.9

This article has its purpose on describing how Professor Lee Soong Nyoung has contributed to Korean Dialectology, by studying how he did his Dialect research and what kind of Dialect he collected at the beginning of the establishment of Korean Dialectology. Professor Lee(1908-1994) is a scholar who spent his whole life exploring Modern Korean Linguistics. He especially focused on the research of Korean historical linguistics. For this study, he carefully examined classics, collected nationwide dialects and focused deeply on the theory of general jargon literature(reference by Professor Lee Kee Moon). This was for the wide collection of philological expressions and dialect data, and for a scientific research using the theory of general linguistics. Professor Lee also became the frontier of Modern Korean Linguistics by researching several divisions of Korean phoneme, coinage, vocabulary, structure and dialects and the history of linguistics. He had conquered all the prior Korean Research that Japanese scholars had done during the reign of Japanese imperialism, and exploited the under-studied parts of Korean literature. After the regain of independence of Korea, Professor Lee emphasized the necessity of establishing the study of dialectology again, since he started his studies of Korean Linguistics including philological expressions and dialects. He stated that in future, there would even be researches on geographic literature. He suggested dialects, jargon and baby’s languages as official languages, and said that dialects can become categorized as a part of “language that is strictly localized to an area”(eg: Gyeongju Dialect etc.) – such as French Literature’s ‘Patois’(dialect, provincial accent) – that could become an independent form. Professor also added that new forms of researches would appear of theories of language development distribution and circulation, and of new theories that did not exist in the remaining classical, official or philological expressions. At the beginning of the 20th century, senior scholars did make a modern meaning of ‘dialect’, but this was not done for dialectology itself, but for the study of official language and its relations. Due to this, Professor Lee focused on collecting dialects from isle areas and mountain areas, especially on Jeju Island dialects, by researching, collecting and complementing research data from Professor Ogura(小倉). His collection included ‘marine language’(island language) and ‘jargon’(jargon used by mountain ginseng collectors) for geological characteristics, among with the overall general vocabulary collection. The research of his official data was originally based on synchronic linguistics, but in times of need, the research got held based on diachronic values. Most of the researches on dialects are included as part of research on Korean Language History, and there are not much papers of Dialectology that has been independently published. Professor Lee is releasing his unpublished data collection notes to the public this time. Although it is hard to say that Professor Lee Soong Nyoung is a scholar of Dialectology, it is certainly true that he is a pioneer who established Korean Dialectology. 이 글은 국어방언학이 수립되던 초기에 李崇寧 선생이 어떤 방언을 채집하고 또 어떻게 방언 연구를 행했는지 정리해 선생이 국어방언학에 기여한 바를 서술함에 그 목적이 있다. 李崇寧(1908∼1994) 선생은 일생 동안 현대국어학을 개척한 학자다. 특히 선생의 중심 과제는 국어사 연구였다. 이를 위해 선생은 古典을 두루 詳考하고 全國의 方言을 샅샅이 採集했으며 一般言語學의 理論을 널리 살폈다(李基文 교수의 언급). 이는 文獻語와 方言 등의 자료를 널리 수집하고 일반언어학의 이론을 수용해 과학적 정신으로 연구하기 위한 것이었다. 일제하에서의 일본인학자들이 행한 국어(조선어⋅한어) 연구를 극복하고 미개척 분야를 개척해 가면서 선생은 국어학의 음운․조어․어휘․형태 및 방언과 어학사 등의 분야를 연구해 현대국어학의 프론티어가 됐다. 문헌어와 방언을 함께 고려해 국어 연구를 시작한 이래 선생은 광복 후에는 다시 방언학의 수립의 필요성을 강조했다. 공시적 언어로 ‘方言’ ‘隱語’ 및 ‘애기의 國語’로 들고, 그 중에서 프랑스언어학의 ‘파투아’(俚語, 사투리) 즉 “한 지방어에 국한된 지역어”(예: 경주사투리 등)로부터 同類를 체계화해 ‘方言’(예: 영남방언)이라는 한 개별언어의 하위언어를 설정하고, 남아 있는 고어의 고형 및 표준어나 문헌어에서 볼 수 없는 여러 원리 그리고 언어의 발달 분포 유동 등의 원리들을 연구하며 나아가 지리언어학의 연구도 등장할 것이라 했다. 20세기 전반기에 선배 학자들에 의해 현대적인 개념으로서의 ‘방언’이 등장하기는 했으나 그것은 늘 표준어 사정과 관련된 것이었지, 방언학의 연구대상으로서의 그것은 아니었다. 선생은 이에 따라 小倉進平의 조사 자료를 보완하되 특히 島嶼 지역과 山嶽 지대의 방언(또는 지역어, 때로는 ‘은어’)을 집중적으로 채취했는데, 특히 제주도방언의 채집과 연구에 집중했다. 채집 항목은 일반 어휘의 바탕에, 지역적 특성을 살려 ‘海洋語’(‘島嶼語’) 그리고 ‘은어’(산삼채취인의 은어) 등도 포함시켰다. 이들 공시적 자료에 대한 연구는, 물론 공시론적 연구에 기초해, 필요한 경우 통시론적 가치가 드러나도록 이뤄졌다. 방언에 관한 연구는 대부분 국어사 연구에 포함되었으며, 별도의 방언학 논문으로 발표된 것은 그리 많은 편이 아니었다. 선생의 미발표 자료 채집 노트를 이번에 공개한다. 이숭녕 선생은 방언학자라고 말하기는 어려우나 분명 국어방언학의 수립을 위해 힘쓴 개척자라고는 할 수 있다

카리브해 도서지방의 변형 혼성어에 관한 고찰 - Patois 어와 Papiamento 어의 발음을 중심으로 -

김우중 ( Woo Joong Kim ) 한국스페인어문학회 2002 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.22

N/A

자메이카의 언어적 혼종성

김경희(Kyung-Hee Kim) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2005 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.18 No.2

In Jamaica English is the only official language, but it isn't used among family members, friends, etc. by the majority of Jamaicans. In schools it's considered as second language for the pupils. On the contrary, Jamaican Creole, known as "Patois", is the language which is used in those contexts, although it's subordination to English started from its formation in early 16th century and has persisted to the present day. This language and its position in society reflect the brutal history of Jamaica as a British sugar colony until Independence in 1962. In this article we analyze the causes of why English has been used in limited contexts in spite of more than 500 years of it's domination and why recently Jamaican Creole is gaining more power as language of identity. To describe more precisely Jamaican Creole and its relation with English, we revise historical aspects, as well as linguistic phenomena like creolization, dicreolization, diglossia, etc. In the process we have observed that not only linguistic factors but also extralinguistic factors like politics, economy, education, religion and culture have influenced in the linguistic situation, making it more hybrid.

프랑스 방언 연구 Ⅰ

선효숙(SUN Hyo-Sook) 프랑스문화예술학회 2004 프랑스문화예술연구 Vol.10 No.-

프랑스 방언 연구 Ⅱ

선효숙(SUN Hyo-Sook) 프랑스문화예술학회 2007 프랑스문화예술연구 Vol.19 No.-

프랑스 방언 연구 Ⅲ

선효숙(Sun Hyo-Sook) 프랑스문화예술학회 2008 프랑스문화예술연구 Vol.26 No.-