Oryza glaberrima 계통과 Oryza sativa 품종의 등숙기간중 SPAD치와 광합성속도의 변화

尹榮煥,礒田昭弘,野島 博,高崎康夫 韓國作物學會 1997 Korean journal of crop science Vol.42 No.6

O. glaberrima 10계통과 O. sativa 10품종을 공시하여 출수후 1, 3, 5주에 주간의 SPAD치(엽록소함량)와 광합성속도를 측정하였다. O. glaberrima 계통은 출수후 1주에서 3주, 5주까지 SPAD치 및 광합성속도가 급격히 저하하는 경향을 나타내었다. O. sativa 품종은 O. glaberrima 계통보다 저하속도가 적고 특히 출수후 1주에서 출수후 3주까지의 저하가 적었다. O. glaberrima 계통과 O. sativa 품종의 평균치를 비교하면 엽록소함량, 광합성속도 모두 출수후 1주에는 양종간에 유의차가 없었으나 출수후 3주이후 O. glaberrima의 계통이 유의적으로 적었다. SPAD치와 광합성속도의 관계는 O. glaberrima 계통은 출수후 1주와 출수후 3주에, O.sativa 품종은 출수후 1주와 출수후 5주에 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다. SPAD치 감소속도와 광합성 감소속도의 관계는 출수후 1주에서 출수후 3주의 기간에는 양종 모두 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다. 출수후 3주에서 출수후 3주까지는 O. glaberrima 계통은 유의한 정의 상관이 있었으나 O. sativa 품종은 유의차가 없었다. 이상이 결과 O. glaberrima 계통에서는 엽록소함량의 급격한 저하가 광합성속도 감소에 관여하고 있는 것으로 확인되었으나 O. sativa 품종은 엽록소함량의 저하가 반드시 광합성속도의 저하요인이 아님이 밝혀졌다. The process of the senescence in Oryza glaberrima Steud. strains and Oryza sativa L. cultivars were examined in terms of SPAD value(chlorophyll content) and photosynthetic rate. SPAD values and photosynthetic rates of flag leaves for 10 genotypes of each species was measured at the 1, 3 and 5 weeks after heading. SPAD values and photosynthetic rates of O. glaberrima strains tended to decrease rapidly after heading. O. sativa cultivars showed slower decrease as compared to O. glaberrima strains, in particular during the period from 1 to 3 weeks after heading. Although there was no significant difference between the two species in the mean value of photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at 1 weeks after heading, O. glaberrima had lower values after 3 weeks after heading. There were significant positive correlation coefficients between the photosynthetic rate and the SPAD value at 1 and 3 weeks after heading for O. glaberrima strains, and at 1 and 5 weeks after heading for O. sativa cultivars. There were significant positive correlation between the decreasing rates of the photosynthetic rates and the decreasing rates of the SPAD values at the period from the 1 to 3 weeks after heading for both species. At the period from 3 to 5 weeks after heading, only O. glaberrima showed a significant correlation between two traits, indicating that rapid decrease in chlorophyll content would affect the photosynthesis in O. glaberrima.

An Exploration of the Oryza sativa L. Cyanidin-3-glucoside on the Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Impairment

Soo Hyun Joo,Changtae Hahn,Hyun Kook Lim,Kee Dong Yoon,Shin Hee Yoon,Chang Uk Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.10

Objective Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), is a component of anthocyanin, have been considered to positively influence cognition and be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of dementia. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of cyanidin-3-glucoside-rich Oryza sativa L. (black rice) extract on cognitive function. Methods A 12-weeks double-blind randomized, placebo controlled trial assessed safety and cognitive outcomes in participants with subjective memory impairment (n=48) following consumption of 6 black rice extract capsules or a placebo. Cognitive function was assessed using the ADAS-cog and the CERAD-K. Subjective memory impairment also assessed. Safety was assessed by hematologic blood test, urine analysis, and participant reports of adverse events. Results There was significant improvement on subjective memory in intervention group. There was no statistically significant difference in objective cognitive outcomes following 12 weeks of consuming black rice extract. ADAS-cog scores, however, trended toward improvement in the intervention group compared to the placebo group. There was no adverse event. Conclusion Although significant improvement in objective cognitive function was not proved, we found that C3G-rich Oryza sativa L. extract improves subjective memory in this study. Therefore the results may be informative of the possible effectiveness of the C3G-rich Oryza sativa L. on cognitive function.

Telomere association of Oryza sativa telomere repeat-binding factor like 1 and its roles in telomere maintenance and development in rice, Oryza sativa L.

( Mi Young Byun ),( Li Hua Cui ),( Hyoungseok Lee ),( Woo Taek Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.11

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein complexes that function to protect eukaryotic chromosomes from recombination and erosion. Several telomere binding proteins (TBPs) have been characterized in higher plants, but their detailed in vivo functions at the plant level are largely unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized OsTRFL1 (Oryza sativa Telomere Repeat-binding Factor Like 1) in rice, a monocot model crop. Although OsTRFL1 did not directly bind to telomere repeats (TTTAGGG)₄ in vitro, it was associated with telomeric sequences in planta. OsTRFL1 interacted with rice TBPs, such as OsTRBF1 and RTBP1, in yeast and plant cells as well as in vitro. Thus, it seems likely that the association of OsTRFL1 with other TBPs enables OsTRFL1 to bind to telomeres indirectly. T-DNA inserted OsTRFL1 knock-out mutant rice plants displayed significantly longer telomeres (6-25 kb) than those (5-12 kb) in wild-type plants, indicating that OsTRFL1 is a negative factor for telomere lengthening. The reduced levels of OsTRFL1 caused serious developmental defects in both vegetative and reproductive organs of rice plants. These results suggest that OsTRFL1 is an essential factor for the proper maintenance of telomeres and normal development of rice. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(11): 578-583]

흑미 (Oryza sativa L.) 호분층 추출물이 난소절제 흰쥐의 골밀도 및 골대사 지표에 미치는 영향

남송이,김남석,이영민,최봉겸,이선혜,장환희,김정봉,이해정,이성준,이성현 한국생약학회 2015 생약학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Aleurone layer of Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is enriched with anthocyanin that could increase bone density. This study was conducted to investigate the osteoporosis-preventing effects of the aleurone layer extract (BRE) on bone loss of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX (or sham-operated) rats were assigned to three groups (n=8 per group): sham operated group (Sham); OVX control group (OVX); OVX-BRE group, OVX rats treated with BRE 90 mg/kg B.W. The deionized water alone or deionized water with BRE was orally administrated to Sham, OVX or OVX-BRE groups, respectively for 12 weeks. High fat diet with 45 kcal% fat and water were fed to all rats ad libitum. Body weight was significantly decreased in the OVX-BRE group compared to the OVX group (p<0.05). The bone mineral density and bone length of tibia were significantly higher in the OVX-BRE group compared to the OVX group and breaking force was significantly higher for the both tibia and femur bones. Serum estradiol concentration and calcium concentration of femur were higher in the OVX-BRE group than those of OVX group. However, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone concentration were decreased in the OVX-BRE group compared to the OVX group. The results suggest that aleurone layer of Black rice is a potentially useful ingredient to protect against estrogen deficiency or menopause related osteoporosis.

난소 적출 마우스 모델에서 Oryza sativa L.의 뿌리 추출물에서 분리된 화합물의 골다공증 개선 효과에 관한 예비연구

김선희,최은용,양희진,배준상 한의병리학회 2023 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Bisphosphonates, estrogen, and calcium supplements are commonly used medications for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but they are associated with various side effects such as vaginal bleeding, deep vein thromembolism, and breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a compound isolated from the roots of Oryza sativa L. to improve osteoporosis using an ovariectomized mouse model. We isolated and identified oryzativol A, a lignan compound, through chemical analysis of an ethanol extract using a bioassay-guided fractionation protocol. We also examined the metabolism, clearance, and CYP enzyme activity of oryzativol A, and found that it showed plasma stability of over 80% at all analysis times, and indicating a low likelihood of inactivation or excretion by the CYP3A4 enzyme. Our results showed that the high-dose group of oryzativol A exhibited a significant increase in bone mineral density compared to the control group. Although the ALP concentration did not differ significantly compared to the control group, it showed a tendency to increase in the high-dose group of oryzativol A. Furthermore, the abnormal ratio of serum Ca/P, caused by osteoporosis, was improved to a level closer to that of the normal group as the dosage of oryzativol A increased. Taken together, these findings suggest that oryzativol A is stable in vivo and has potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, particularly when administered in high doses.

Calcium Signaling-mediated and Differential Induction of Calmodulin Gene Expression by Stress in Oryza sativa L.

Phean-o-pas, Srivilai,Punteeranurak, Pornpimon,Buaboocha, Teerapong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.4

$Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin transduction pathways have been implicated in mediating stress response and tolerance in plants. Here, three genes encoding calmodulin (Cam) members of the EF-hand family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins were identified from Oryza sativa L. databases. Complementary DNA for each of the calmodulin genes, OsCam1, OsCam2, and OsCam3 were sequenced. OsCam1 and OsCam2 encode a conventional 148-amino acid calmodulin protein that contains four characteristic $Ca^{2+}$-binding motifs. OsCam3 encode a similar protein with a 38-amino-acid extension containing a putative prenylation site (CVIL) at the carboxyl terminus. RT-PCR showed that each of the genes is expressed in leaves and roots of 2-week old rice seedlings. By RNA gel blot analysis, OsCam1 mRNA levels strongly increased in response to NaCl, mannitol and wounding treatments. In contrast, OsCam2 mRNA levels were relatively unchanged under all conditions investigated. NaCl treatment and wounding also increased the OsCam3 mRNA level, but in a more transient manner. Our results indicate that although the expression of genes encoding different calmodulin isoforms is ubiquitous, they are differentially regulated by various stress signals. In addition, we have demonstrated that the calcium-channel blocker lanthanum chloride inhibited the induction of OsCam1 gene expression by both NaCl and mannitol treatments. These results suggest that osmotic stress induced expression of OsCam1 gene requires the $[Ca^{2+}]_{cyt}$ elevation that is known to occur in response to these stimuli.

Genome Wide Association Study of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) during Heading Stage under a High Temperature

( Yebin Kwon ),( Tae-ho Ham ),( Jeehye Kim ),( Gileung Lee ),( Yoonjung Lee ),( Joohyun Lee ) 한국육종학회 2021 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.9 No.2

At the reproductive development stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), temperature stress can decrease spikelet fertility, ultimately resulting in a yield loss. In this study, a total of 98 rice varieties were used in genome-wide association study (GWAS) to understand spikelet fertility under a high temperature (SFHT). GWAS results revealed that two lead SNPs were significantly associated with SFHT. Candidate genes located within ± 250 kb of the corresponding SNP position were discovered, resulting in a total of 21 candidate genes on chromosome 10 and 18 candidate genes on chromosome 11. Based on previously reported function and haplotype analysis, Os10g0177200 (EF-HAND 2domain containing protein) as one candidate gene showed significant differences among groups of haplotypes. This candidate gene will be further evaluated for its function to determine whether it is useful for improving molecular breeding studies and developing new high temperature tolerant rice varieties.

Protective Effect of Artificially Enhanced Level of L-Ascorbic Acid against Water Deficit-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rice Seedlings

Boo, Yong-Chool,Cho, Moon-jae,Jung, Jin 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1999 연구보고 Vol.13 No.-

Effects of the enhanced level of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on the water deficit-induced oxidative damage were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. The seedlings splayed with 20 to 80 mM L-galacono γ - lactone (GL), a putative precursor of AA, showed 2 to 5-fold higher levels of AA compared with controls. Pretreatment of the seedlings with GL prior to water stress imposition caused virtually no effect on dehydration of tissues during water deficit but substantially mitigated oxidative injury, as accessed by 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, α-tocopherol, chlorophylls and β -carotene. Proline accumulation during water stress was also significantly lowered in the treated seedlings. In a complementary exptriment, AA retarded photodegradation of α -tocopherol in isolated thylakoids far more efficiently than glutathione. GL in itself did not show any noticeable reactivity toward α -tocopheroxyl radical. The results demonstrate the antioxidative function of AA in rice seedlings encountering water-limited environments, suggesting a critical role of AA as a defense against oxidative stress in plants.

Identification and characterization of BGL11(t), a novel gene regulating leaf-color mutation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Zhi-kun Wang,Yun-xiang Huang,Zheng-diao Miao,Zhi-yan Hu,Xin-zhang Song,Li Liu 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.4

A novel bright-green leaf mutant, bgl11, derived from Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) treated by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), exhibited a distinct brightgreen leaf phenotype throughout development. Chlorophyll contents of bgl11 decreased significantly than that of its wild-type parent. Genetic analysis suggested that the brightgreen leaf trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which was tentatively designed as BGL11(t). To isolate the BGL11(t) gene, a map-based cloning strategy was employed, and the gene was finally mapped in a 94.7 kb region between marker InDel11-5 and InDel11-9 on the long arm of chromosome 11, in which no gene leaded to leaf-color mutation had been mapped or cloned. Cloning and sequencing analysis revealed that, LOC_Os11g38040, which was predicted to encode an expressed protein, had a 9 bp segment deletion in the coding region of bgl11. Furthermore, the transgenic plants with wild-type gene LOC_Os11g38040were restored to normal phenotype. Accordingly, the gene (LOC_Os11g38040) was identified as the BGL11(t) gene. These results are very valuable for further study on BGL11(t)gene and illuminating the mechanism of chloroplast development in rice.

Kinetin 침종처리가 벼 발아중 구리 독성 경감에 미치는 영향

金相國,李相哲,閔基君,李承弼,崔富述 韓國作物學會 1996 Korean journal of crop science Vol.41 No.4

중금속가운데 필수 미량 원소인 동을 볍씨에 처리한 후 식물생장조정제인 kinetin을 침종 처리하여 발아중 동 독성에 대한 벼의 생육 특성, 붕소의 활성, 발아율 향상과 중금속 장해의 경감을 위하여 몇 가지 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동독성 경감을 위한 농도별 klnetin처리에 따른 생육은 일품벼, 향미벼 001 모두 초장은 kinetin l03M 처리가 무처리와 동 60ppm 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였고 뿌리의 생장도 우세하였다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 두 품종 모두 동 60ppm 처리보다 무처리가 높았으며, kinetln 처리에서는 kinetin l03M, kinetin l04 M, kinetin l05M의 처리 순으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 3. Kinetin처리농도에 대한 식물체 부위별 동의축적량은 kinetin의 농도가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이었으며, 동 60ppm처리에서 동 함량은 일품벼는 잎에서 1,797n 종자에서 1,340ng이었고 향미벼 001에서는 잎과종자에서 동 함량이 각각 1,590ng, 1,260ng으로 일품벼가 더 높았다. 4. 동 60ppm처리에 따른 품종간 단백질 밴드의 패턴은 발아 후 3일째 두 품종 모두 35, 40kDa.부위에서 다소 약한 밴드가 보였으며 일품벼의 경우 발아후 kinetin l03M 처리에서 54.4 kDa에 새로운 단백질 밴드가 나타났다. 5. 동 처리에 따른 발아일수별 SOD활성도는 일품벼의 경우 무처리에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 동 60ppm처리에서 발아 후 3일째 1,299EU로 가장 높은 활성도를 보이다가 발아 후 5일째부터 점차 감소하였으며, 향미벼 001에서는 발아 후 3일째 동 60ppm 처리에서 1,260 EU의 활성도를 나타내다가 발아 후 5일 째부터 감소하는 경향이었으며, kinetin l03M 처리에서는 가장 낮은 활성을 보여 어느 정도 동 stress 경감의 효과가 인정되었다. 6. 유리 proline함량은 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 SOD 활성과 마찬가지로 발아 후 3일 째 동 60ppm 처리에서 큰 차이를 보였지만, 발아일수가 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. The study was carried out to determine the proper concentration of plant growth regulator, kinetin on alleviating copper toxicity for two rice cultivars of seed germination. The results were as followings : Soaking treatment of kinetin 10-3 M increased the germination rate of both cultivars, Ilpumbyeo and Hyangmibyeo 1 by 92% and 88% as compared with copper treatment (60ppm). But the soaking treatment effect of plant growth regulator, kinetin was not recognized at the kinetin 10-4 M and 10-5 M. Chlorophyll content of both rices was higher than that of Hyangmibyeo 1. Copper content of Ilpumbyeo was higher in leaf than in seed part. At the 3 days after treatment of copper 60ppm, both cultivars of treatment of kinetin 1O-3M showed the somewhat thin bands at the 35 and 40kDa compared with others. A new protein band pattern was only appeared to kinetin 1O-3M at approximately 54.4kDa(M. W) at the 7 days after treatment of copper 60ppm in llpumbyeo cultivar, SOD activity of copper 60ppm treatment increased in 3DAT, but there were no significant differences in 5 and 7DAT of two cultivars. Free proline contents of copper 60ppm treatment in llpumbyeo were remarkably increased about 4.996~mu M. In particular, free proline content of kinetin l0-3 M in Ilpumbyeo was 5.008~mu M in 3DAT. In case of Hwangmibyeo 1, free proline content of copper 60ppm was 5.825~mu M compared with an untreated control showing 2.34l~mu M. The effects of kinetin treatment were recognized to promote the root growth and germination rate under copper toxicity(60ppm) condition in both cultivars.