자기공명 촬영상 요추 추간반 병변의 판독자내 및 판독자간 해석의 다양성

전인호,송준혁,박향권,신규만,김성학,박동빈,Jeon, Een-Ho,Song, Jun-Hyeok,Park, Hyang-Kwon,Shin, Kyu-Man,Kim, Sung-Hak,Park, Dong-Been 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.2

Objective : The terminology of degenerative disc disease lacks official standardization. Lacks of such standardization may provoke some clinical and litigation problems. The authors investigated interobserver and intraobserver variability in interpretation of lumbar disc abnormality. Methods : Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the lumbar spine performed prospectively in 50 patients, were read blindly by three doctors dealing spinal disorders, using two nomenclature. Nomenclature I was normal, bulging, protrusion, extrusion. Nomenclature II was normal, bulging, herniation without neural compression, with neural compression. Intraobserver and interobserver variation were measured statistically. Results : Interobserver agreement was 70.4-80.8% for nomenclature I, 76.2-80.2% for nomenclature II. Intraobserver agreement was 84.0-88.0% for nomenclature I, 79.2-86.8% for nomenclature II. Interobserver Kappa statistic was 0.53-0.56 for nomenclature I, 0.54-0.57 for nomenclature II. Intraobserver Kappa statistic was 0.60-0.85 for nomenclature I, 0.53-0.72 for nomenclature II. Conclusion : Experienced doctors showed only moderate interobserver agreement when interpreting disc status on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Intraobserver agreement was superior to interbserver. The standardization of nomenclatures for lumbar disc extension beyond interspace are needed.

"대한민국약전에 수재된 식물성 한약재의 학명에 대한 재고"의 논평

김휘 ( Hui Kim ),박수경 ( Soo Kyung Park ),장계선 ( Kae Sun Chang ),장진성 ( Chin Sung Chang ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

Objectives: ``Reconsideration about Nomenclature of Herbs Listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia`` was published by Doh and Lee with absolute misconception of nomenclature. A critical review of Doh and Lee`s paper is given, to correct the confused the concept of nomenclature and to provide proper scientific name for taxa which are discussed. Methods: This paper discusses the proper usage, as mandated by the International Code of Nomenclature. Adherence to the rules described in this paper should reduce the present confusion in the nomenclature of scientific names listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Results: Although Doh and Lee proposed four categories to correct the scientific names of the Korean Pharmacopoeia using available botanical databases, they failed to show how nomenclatural concepts are applicable due to misconception of legitimacy and the confusion about synonym. From a nomenclatural perspective, ``accepted name`` or ``recommended name`` is a subjective term which used to be employed for convenience in a certain databases or working group without nomenclatural meaning. Doh and Lee also pointed out the standardization of author citation. However, they missed the importance of author citation error such as basionym or validating authors. Conclusions: Doh and Lee were not able to solve nomenclatural problems of the Korea Pharmacopoeia due to lack of clarity on the nomenclature code. We strongly recommend that KFDA has to commence extensive nomenclatural review for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

한국인의 코성형에 흔히 사용되는 이식 술식의 해부학적 위치에 따른 한글 명칭 및 정의

김동영,김인상,진홍률 대한이비인후과학회 2010 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.53 No.7

Background and Objectives No definite concepts or nomenclature have yet been established in Korean for a number of different grafts used frequently in Korean rhinoplasty. The aims of this study were to define indications and usages of grafts frequently used in Korean rhinoplasty and to suggest appropriate Korean nomenclatures for these grafts. Materials and Method We prepared diagrams and explanations for the grafts frequently used in rhinoplasty in Korea and suggested Korean nomenclature that were considered the most appropriate. We carried out a survey on the rhinoplasty experts in order to reach a consensus on the nomenclature. We also reviewed recent Korean articles on rhinoplasty to investigate how names of each graft had been translated into Korean nomenclature. Results We classified grafts according to anatomical locations; the nasal dorsum, the nasal tip, the alar region, and the alar base. Grafts of the nasal dorsum included radix graft, dorsal onlay graft, dorsal sidewall onlay graft, and spreader graft. Grafts of the nasal tip were the columellar strut, shield graft, buttress graft, cap graft, and septal extension graft. The alar batten graft,alar rim graft, composite alar rim graft, lateral crural onlay graft, and lateral crural strut graft belonged to grafts of the alar region. Grafts of the alar base included the columellar plumping graft, premaxillary graft, and alar base graft. The names of all these grafts were translated into Korean. Conclusion We set definitions, indications, and usages of each graft, and suggested the most appropriate Korean nomenclature. We hope that this nomenclature can be widely accepted and used in future papers and books on Korean rhinoplasty. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2010;53:412-8

우리나라 품목분류의 정확도 제고를 위한 주요 사례연구

김구태,박재현,정복희 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose The Korea Customs Service has been making efforts for the correct translation of the English version of HS Customs Tariff Nomenclature into a Korean version, but many areas are still mistranslated or lack of uniformity in the use of terms and expressions. Since HS classification is one of the most important parts of customs administration, an incomplete HS Customs Tariff Nomenclature can cause problems in cases such as the application of tariff rates and origin. This study aims for a more correct Korean version of HS tariff terminology through the illustration of mistranslation examples of major legal notes of HS Nomenclature. Design/Methodology/Approach In this paper, utilizing five important legal notes including Note 1 of Chapter 55 as an example, the inaccurate translation of these examples and why these issues happened are explained. Findings To enhance the quality of the HS Customs Tariff Nomenclature, a single window will be helpful in which private sectors such as industry, customs brokers, academia, and the customs administration can participate and communicate. At the same time, a coordinator specializing in HS Customs Tariff Nomenclature is to be appointed by the Korea Customs Service to receive various opinions and improve the completion of the HS Customs Tariff Nomenclature. Research Implications Unlike prior studies, this study pointed out the misinterpretations of present HS tariffs, and these errors are crucial because the Section Notes and Chapter Notes are binding legal notes of the Korean Customs Act.

대한한의학방제학회지(大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌) 처방(處方) 로마자명 표기에 대한 고찰

송지청,심현아,엄동명,Song, Jichung,Sim, Hyuna,Eom, Dongmyung 대한한의학방제학회 2013 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives : Term standardization is the most important for knowledge information in every study. There are several tries to make terminology standards in Korean Traditional Medicine(KTM). We, authors took a review on romanized prescription nomenclature of main titles in Herbal Formula Science to criticize the ways of romanized prescription nomenclature. Methods : We extract romanized prescription name from Vol. 11, No. 1 to latest Issue Vol. 21, No. 1, Herbal Formula Science. Results : The Korean Academy of Oriental Medicine Prescription has guideline for romanized prescription nomenclature. However, only 6 out of 147 romanized prescription name are confirmed with guideline. In addition, 58 out of 142 names are italicized without guideline. Also there are several ways of marking for prescription names. Conclusions : For making knowledge information and easy searching for terms, we need normative regulations for romanized prescription nomenclature by the Society of Korean Medicine level.

대한한의학회지 처방 로마자 표기에 대한 고찰

송지청(Song Jichung),심현아(Sim Hyuna),엄동명(Eom Dongmyung) 대한한의학회 2014 대한한의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

도시확장 분석을 위한 위성영상 토지이용 분류기준 설정에 관한 연구

김윤수,이광재,류지원,김정환 한국지리정보학회 2003 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.6 No.3

위성영상 자료는 도시의 물리적 확장을 분석하는데 있어 매우 유용하게 활용된다. 도시의 물리적 확장은 도시의 토지이용과 밀접하게 관련되어 있으며, 지속가능한 도시성장을 위해서는 토지이용을 중심으로 한 지속적인 성장관리가 필수적이다. 그러나 위성영상을 이용한 도시 토지이용의 분류는 우선 그 기준이 사용자의 관점에 따라 다르고 영상 해상도 등에 따라서도 그 기준이 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 도시 확장 분석을 위해서는 다중시기의 위성영상 및 항공사진을 이용하여 토지이용의 분류를 시행하고, 시기별 토지이용의 변화와 영상을 분석함으로써 확장의 형태와 패턴을 파악하여, 이를 기반으로 향후의 도사 확장을 예측할 수 있는 모델 개발이 가능해진다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 도시 확장 예측 모델 개발의 전 단계로써 다양한 공간 해상도를 지닌 원격탐사 자료의 국내외 분류기준의 검토를 통해, 원격탐사 자료를 이용한 토지이용 분류기준을 도시확장 분석의 측면에서 설정하고자 한다. All the urban planning process require land use informations, which should be obtained after through intensive investigation and accurate analysis about the past and current situations and conditions of a city. Until now, the generation of land use informations form remotely sensed imagery has had many limitation because of its spatial resolution. It is now expected that the availability of high resolution satellite imagery whose spatial resolution less than 10m will reduce these limitations. For the purpose of urban growth monitoring we must first establish a urban land use classification nomenclature. In this study, we would like to establish a land use nomenclature for land use classification using remotely sensed data, especially using KOMPSAT EOC imagery.

프랑스어 의사소통 능력 향상을 위한 문화 어휘 개념정립과 유형분석

김은정 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2012 프랑스어문교육 Vol.41 No.-

Les compétences de langue et de culture sont les deux aspects bien connus et nécessaires pour développer la compétence communicative. Mais malgré cette reconnaissance, la langue et la culture sont souvent enseignées et apprises séparément et ce sujet ne fait pas l'objet de beaucoup d'études. L'étude présente donc « le lexique à la culture » comme le moyen idéal pour résoudre le problème de l'intégration de l'enseignement de la langue et celui de la culture. La raison du choix de cet outil s'appuie sur deux arguments: premièrement, le lexique à la culture est l'ensemble de la culture et du lexique dont on a nécessairement besoin pour développer la compétence communicative. Deuxièmement, le lexique à la culture est basé d'une part sur le concept de la lexiculture qui a pour but d'entrer dans la culture par les mots, afin de solidariser, d'intégrer la langue et la culture dans un même enseignement/apprentissage (Galisson, 1988:76) et d'autre part sur les mots à charge culturelle partagée(mots à C.C.P.)qui véhiculent la lexiculture. Cependant comme Galisson a créé ces deux concepts pour les apprenants européens, ils sont trop restreints pour les appliquer aux apprenants coréens au niveau du contenu culturel et de la forme linguistique qu'ils doivent savoir. C'est la raison pour laquelle on a du créer le nouveau terme « lexique à la culture » en prenant en compte les apprenants coréens comme concept plus large et développé à ces deux niveaux. Rédéfinir le lexique à la culture, son critère, son étendue et chercher les types de lexique à la culture qui satisfont ces conditions sont l'objet principal de cette étude. Par ailleurs, une petit nomenclature du lexique à la culture, contenant le lexique cherchédans trois méthodes, « ICI 2 », « Alors ? 2», « Scénario 2 » , est présenté comme exemple. Le but principal de cette étude est là : Etablir les concepts de bases nécessaires pour la préparation de la nomenclature. En espérant que les concepts rédéfinis dans cette étude contribueront à créer la nomenclature du lexique à la culture plus systématique, mais ceci fera l'objet d'une autre étude suivante.

진단 체계의 탄생 ― 『정신장애의 진단 및 통계편람(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder: DSM-I)』을 중심으로 ―

이남희 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소 2023 梨花史學硏究 Vol.- No.66

This article examines what the meaning of publication of DSM-I in 1952 was indeed in the context of the advent of the comprehensive system of nosology and nomenclature. Delving into the previous classification systems such as Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for the Insane and Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations, this paper traces the origins of the way to scale mental illnesses and to classify them. Demonstrating the way to frame the entire structure of classification and the reason why DSM-I utilized the same format of classification that the mainstream medicine used at the time, this paper tries to argue that DSM-I was the first official attempt to overcome the disciplines stigma, ‘being unscientific.’ In so doing, this article aims to demonstrate that DSM-I laid the robust ground for further extensive accumulation of statistical data in psychiatry and sought for a way to establish etiological approach in order to find out the way to proper diagnosis in the long run.

총설: 균류의 새로운 명명 규약과 일균일명 체계로의 전환

홍승범 ( Seung Beom Hong ),권순우 ( Soon Wo Kwon ),김완규 ( Wan Gyu Kim ) 한국균학회 2012 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

곰팡이의 명명을 규정하는 규약이 ``국제식물명명규약 (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN)``에서 ``국제 조류, 균류, 식물 명명 규약(International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, ICN)``으로 바뀌게 되었다(2011.7). ICBN에서 ICN으로 바뀌게 되면서 많은 변화가 있지만 가장 큰 변화는 곰팡이의 이중명명을 더 이상 허용하지 않는다(2013. 1)는 것이다. 새로운 이름을 가질 곰팡이는 이 규칙에 따라 명명하면 되지만 문제는 2013년 1월 1일 이전에 완전세대와 불완전 세대에 근거하여 두 개의 이름을 이미 가지고 있는 10,000-12,000개의 곰팡이의 경우이다. 우선 ICN에는 이에 대한 혼란을 막기 위해서 2013년 1월 1일 전에 이전의 명명규약에 의하여 보고된 학명은 유효성과 합법성을 유지한 채 우선권의 원칙에 따라 서로 경쟁한다는 조항을 추가하였다. 하지만 결국은 세대에 관계없이 하나의 곰팡이 이름을 사용해야 할 것이며 이에 따라 세계 균학계는 곰팡이 분야별 작업반 또는 위원회를 결성하는 등 바쁘게 움직이고 있다. 일균 일명 체계로의 전환에 대한 배경, 경과, 그리고 향후 전망에 대하여 상술하였다. 이 외에도 전자출판이 유효출판으로 인정(2012.1)되게 되었고, 영어 신종기술도 정당출판으로 인정되게 되었으며(2012. 1), 또한 신종의 학명과 필수정보를 공인정보저장소에 등록하는 것이 의무화 된다(2013. 1). 곰팡이의 새로운 명명규약과 일균일명 체계로의 전환에 대한 국제 균학계의 움직임을 국내에 한글로 쉽게 소개하였다. Nomenclatural code for fungi was dramatically modified in the 18th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011. Its name was changed into International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN), which was formerly called as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) of the Vienna Code of 2005, The most important change for fungi is abandoning dual nomenclature and introducing one fungus/one name system (2013, 1), Since more than 10,000 species of fungal names should be renamed based on this new classification system (one fungus/one name system), it is challenging to both mycologists and taxonomic users such as plant pathologists and food scientists. Here, we introduced background, progress and future plan for its transition into one fungus/one name system. The new code is allowing electronic-only publication of names of new taxa (2102. 1) and the requirement for a Latin validating diagnosis was changed to allow either English or Latin for the publication of a new name (2011. 1). Furthermore, pre-publication deposit of key nomenclatural information in a recognized repository is mandatory in ICN (2013. 1). The aims of this manuscript are to introduce new code of fungal nomenclature and recent trends in one fungus/one name system to Korean mycological society.