도시의 지속가능성을 위한 공원녹지 정책의 재정립 방안

최희선,안소은,이후승,송슬기,이길상 한국환경연구원 2019 기본연구보고서 Vol.2019 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Purpose □ Due to the emphasis on the value and importance of parks and green areas in terms of urban sustainability, there is a need to improve current policies related to parks and green areas, and enhance connections ㅇ Investigate areas for improvement, such as types of urban parks and green areas, subjects, and development methods in order to secure rationale for parks and green areas plans ㅇ Investigate the development and management methods of urban parks from various perspectives such as roles of related organizations (central government, local communities, owners, private and public enterprises, citizens) and improve these methods □ Inspect the current limitations and problems of policies related to parks and green areas and find ways to improve the policies to secure future urban sustainability ㅇ Look comprehensively for political alternatives to enhance the efficiency of political movements and mutual connections among the departments related to parks and green areas policies Ⅱ. Investigation of Current Policies Related to Parks and Green Areas 1. Changes in laws and policies related to parks and green areas in Korea □ Starting from the “Ordinance on the City Plans of Joseon (1934)” to the current “Act on Urban Parks, Green Areas, etc. (2005),” new policies, legal independence, and implementation of systems have led to changes in laws related to parks and green areas ㅇ Although development plans were held off for green areas during the times of rapid economic growth, more active policies on parks and green areas were formulated to secure urban and environmental sustainability ㅇ In the present, there is a focus on urban regeneration, developing safe cities free from disasters and aesthetically pleasing urban areas, and encouraging citizen participation by redefining the concept of urban parks and implementing various policies related to them 2. Analysis of policies and laws related to parks and green areas by various departments □ Need of a comprehensive management plan for urban parks and green areas by reviewing open spaces in general within the cities under the cooperation of related departments ㅇ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport: Expand the current range of parks and green areas now centering around the urban facilities to regions including natural areas ㅇ Ministry of Environment: Expand the current preserved areas to urban areas for their preservation and public use (e.g., natural parks) ㅇ Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry/Korea Forest Service: Expand spatial areas such as urban forests and urban agricultural lands into cities and diversify their functions ㅇ All organizations should emphasize park policies in terms of environment and lifestyle SOC for improvement in quality of life and welfare space Ⅲ. Analysis of Related Literature and Foreign Examples 1. Research and analysis of related literature □ Provide implications for a paradigm shift in understanding the values and functions of parks and green areas from the perspective of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), and changes in future cities ㅇ Reinforce functions of parks and green areas in terms of safety, adaptation to climate change, and securing resilience; develop parks considering women, children, the elderly, and the disabled to realize an inclusive society ㅇ Discover locations for possible green space and develop green technology to increase the amount of greenhouse gas absorption ㅇ Investigate a transition to a natural use of land due to decreasing populations and meet the demands and secure management efficiency through smart parks 2. Implications from foreign examples □ Investigate policies and laws related to parks and green areas and the development statuses of four countries: Britain, Japan, Germany, and Australia. Derive implications based on the major characteristics of each country ㅇ Despite the need to improve parks and green areas due to changes in the environment, there is an increase in demand for land for development within cities; therefore, it is necessary to overcome limitations in improving the parks and green areas ㅇ There should be investigations on the types of parks and green areas and developmental methods that consider not only their environmental and ecological functions but also their social and economic aspects ㅇ Generally, the government at the national (or federal) and regional (state government) levels should clearly set the overall directions, while the local governments should establish policies and programs based on their rights and responsibilities ㅇ It is necessary to investigate methods for not only developing the parks but also considering and minimizing the maintenance costs after development ㅇ It is necessary to expand the level of participation in the management of parks to public and private enterprises ㅇ It is necessary to encourage and expand voluntary participation from citizens in the development and management stages Ⅳ. Sustainable Transformation on Parks and Green Policies □ There is a demand to formulate policies for securing the diversity, efficiency, and equity of parks and green areas based on a governance system in terms of developing and managing future urban park policies for sustainable urban development □ Select policies related to urban parks and green areas by classifying the transition into ① Expanding the Concept, ② Qualitative Improvement, ③ Diversification of Development and Management, and ④ Securing Foundations for Management 1. Expanding the concept of urban parks and green areas □ Include various green areas within the city aside from parks as green areas in urban planning facilities and introduce the concept of “Green Infrastructure” which considers the mulifunctionality of green areas by making them part of a network ㅇ Expand the concept and spatial range of parks and green areas to “Green Infrastructure” defined as “a comprehensive concept that includes the natural ecological factors of a city and artificially developed green areas, and a fundamental basis and system to improve the functions” ㅇ This expansion will not include only legally designated parks, but also unofficial parks and other green areas that were in the blind spot of management and natural areas close to the natural ecosystem, to minimize the administrative discrepancy within the policies related to parks and green areas □ Consider integrating all related departments to plan and develop Green Infrastructure by securing the relationship between the urban spatial structure and green space from the establishment stage of spatial planning ㅇ It is possible to expand the range of related departments to the Ministry of Environment, Korea Forest Service, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs when considering the expansion of policies as a Green Infrastructure such as all areas that can function as open space, ecological restoration areas, and urban forests in the city ㅇ Investigate methods to comprehensively plan and manage areas with repeated subjects in terms of space or similar functions designated by each department, and secure a relationship between green areas and the urban spatial structure from the establishment stage of spatial planning 2. Qualitative improvements of urban parks and green areas □ Improve the standards for location and disposition of parks and green areas and the evaluation system for urban resilience and environment in selecting the location and designing functions of parks and green areas ㅇ Regarding political improvements related to the location standards of parks and green areas, first consider the area of parks and green areas per person and the limit of disposition distance between parks that had been generally applied in the past ㅇ Urban Resilience Aspect: Improve the evaluation system to select park locations and design park functions - While considering the mulifunctionality of the parks, an evaluation system should be in place to determine the primary function by analyzing the Green-Blue-White system, the demographic structure of the region (age, economic levels, health, etc.), climate and disaster vulnerability - Provide autonomy on the detailed types of parks as functions may vary depending on the evaluation results of each region ㅇ Environmental aspect: Consider the accessibility and potential benefits for vulnerable areas and vulnerable groups - Expand methods and technology to maximize green areas within residential areas considering the fact that parks and green areas are high in qualitative value and positively affect health simply by being nearby residential areas - Set location standards for park development that allows for easy accessibility based on the evaluation standards, including vulnerable groups (based on health, economic status, age, etc.) and vulnerable areas □ Diversify the types of parks and green areas to be used as Green Infrastructure by considering their regional characteristics ㅇ Diversify the types of parks and green areas considering the natural and artificial, and the public and private to integrate them into Green Infrastructure ㅇ Consider the regional value and function of large ecological areas, divide them into areas for use, manufacturing, and multifunctionality to avoid standardizing park facilities □ Consider developmental methods that reinforce the ecology and multifunctionality of parks and green areas ㅇ In terms of urban parks that consider the diversity of living creatures or ecological functions, it is necessary to first sufficiently consider the locational characteristics rather than the number of parks or park areas ㅇ Expand the multifunctionality of parks and green areas by comprehensively considering the current demand, future environmental changes, and the regional characteristics - In terms of future environmental changes, there is demand to consider various functions from the perspectives of natural disasters, reactive measures to deal with the heat islands effect, floods, fine dust, and heat waves due to climate change, and an increase in the socioeconomic importance of parks and green areas 3. Diversification of development and management of urban parks and green areas □ Establish a system to support voluntary partnership and governance among public and private organizations and encourage various forms of private and public participation □ Need to diversify resources to develop and manage parks and green areas ㅇ Expand government support for nationally designated parks, provide incentives to protect private property rights, connect applications of related budgets with corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of private and public enterprises 4. Securing a foundation for the management of urban parks and green areas □ Need to establish an inventory on Green Infrastructure and a support system for decision-making that includes data collection (including opinions from citizens) ㅇ Develop and manage information management systems that include all national Green Infrastructure and systems that automatically estimate the effectiveness and management methods of green areas □ Need to improve the implementation of smart technology for management of Green Infrastructure ㅇ Set directions for the core services of management of smart Green Infrastructure management (community, climate change, natural disasters, definition of environment, welfare, culture, water control, etc.); enhance customized services for each stage of the life cycle and secure a management system Ⅴ. Conclusion and Suggestions for Policies □ The directions for restructuring policies on parks and green areas for sustainable urban development are summarized as follows: □ Suggest future tasks in terms of restructuring sustainable parks and green areas ㅇ Development and Management Aspects - Develop an evaluation method for the mulifunctionality of urban Green Infrastructure - Develop smart Green Infrastructure, a management platform, and technology - Establish an inventory for Green Infrastructure and develop a decisionmaking system, etc. ㅇ Planning and Legal Aspects - Establish urban and environmental plans to implement Green Infrastructure - Develop a composition model and policies by types of Green Infrastructure - Policies for a comprehensive management of the Green Infrastructure

공원녹지내 사화직물 출현실태 분석에 관한 연구

노재현 한국조경학회 1998 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study is on identifying real condition of naturalized plants in urban green space. For this, Chollabak-do region was selected for case study. The occurring frequency and distribution status was investigated by field survey. The area of green open space, level of management and passed years after construction etc, were analized to identify the influence on occurrence of naturalized plants. The result is as follows: 1. In 18 sites, 145 taxa as weed species including naturalized plants were occurred. Average No. of occurring taxa is 22.7. Two families of plants, Graminae and compositae charged the most part. Also the rate of naturalized plant among them is 29.7%. 2. Naturalized species showing high occurring rate are 14 taxa of compositae, 5 taxa of Gramineae, Leguminosae and 4 taxa of cruciferae. These plants of previous four somatic polymorphism among all the naturalized plants. 3. The taxa number of naturalized plants were reducedby intensive management. But the rate of naturalized plants in extensively managed area was relatively lower than intensively managed one. Naturalizd plants were widely distributed in most of urban green space with being cognitioned as whole weed. 4. In origin of naturalized plants, the taxa from north America were 16 and the taxa from Europe were 16. Therefore the rate originated from north America and Europe charged high part as 68.2%. The rate of Annual, Biennial and Perennial were each 78.7%, 21.3%. The alternative of management for control aganist disturbance by Annual & Biennial required. 5. Multi-relations analysis shows 0.81 which is the relatively high interralation between the number of emerged axa and that of naturalized ones. 6. The number of naturalized species has no relation to the lapse of years after construction of open-space. Especially it was identified that weed control in the beginning of construction is very important. On the other hand the relation between Ys and Xp was Ys=1.784Xp+4.646.

인식 및 이용실태에 기반한 학교 실내 녹색공간의 효용성 분석 -수도권 중ㆍ고등학교를 중심으로-

박준호,이주영 한국환경과학회 2023 한국환경과학회지 Vol.32 No.8

This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of improving indoor environmental awareness, relieving stress, and improving learning efficiency in school indoor green space, and suggest desirable ways to develop indoor green space in the future. As part of the study, a survey was conducted among 225 individuals across six schools in a metropolitan area with garden and panel-type indoor gardens inside the school building. The survey comprised the current status and use of indoor green spaces, the perception of indoor green spaces, improvement measures in indoor green spaces, and basic properties. Semantic Differential (SD) was used to investigate the impression of school indoor spaces. Resultantly, the more frequent the use of green spaces in the school, the more they feel the positive effects of indoor green spaces, such as improving the school's indoor environment, reducing stress, and improving learning efficiency. In addition, it appears that the more frequent contact with the natural environment, the more they feel the positive effects provided by indoor green space at school. Therefore, it is suggested that educational conditions must be improved by revitalizing various green welfare, including indoor green areas, at the school level.

자연체험 기회 증진을 위한 용도지역간의 융합 연구

이두열 ( Doo Yeol Lee ),조택연 ( Taig Youn Cho ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.1

(Background and Purpose) As Korean society experienced a drastic industrialization, a tremendous in flux of the population shifted to urban areas, which led to exacerbated living conditions. In order to supply additional living spaces, the first new town was established in the 1990s to accommodate approximately two million households. As there was a relatively large area for development, this town, which was established within the metropolitan region, allocated approximately20 percent of this area for parks and green zones in order to improve the quality of living. The second new town developed in the 2000s gradually expanded its greening ratio, while aiming for sustainable development and to be a comfortable eco-city. As a result of this effort, the greening ratio recently exceeded 40 percent. However, the increase in green zones has led to a rise in management and maintenance costs as well as a fluctuation in housing prices due to accessibility to and equity of these zones. In other words, people’s needs for spaces in which to exercise and go for walks has increased, while those who live in the outskirts are less able to enjoy the parks. In addition, the environmental surroundings within the work and commercial areas have not been improved as much as they were at the beginning of the new town projects. This demonstrates that the opportunities to access the nature in urban areas is not necessarily proportional to the increase in green zones. Hence, we must seek new methods to provide all residents with equal opportunities to easily access nature in their daily lives by transforming the locations and formations of parks and green zones based on these new demands. (Method)The study investigated and analyzed the formation and areas of parks and green zones within the first and second new towns. Next, it categorized the needs of people into four aspects (spaces for promenade, cultural experiences, water circulation, and private-public communication) and suggested the appropriate convergence of city spaces and nature to fulfill these aspects. (Results)Parks and green zones should be merged with other spaces to not only create synergetic effects in utilization and management, but to also meet current needs in a way similar to the digital era, in which cross-cutting convergences are taking place every day. This study suggested converged designs of roads, commercial and public facilities, and housing, as well as green zones, in order to improve the quality of lives by allowing individuals to enjoy the comforts of the nature everyday. (Conclusions)Humans are born in a natural state, and therefore feel most comfortable in nature. However modern parks are separate from the living spaces and have been created as independent zones. The measure of an ecological city lies not in the huge areas devoted to nature, but in how nature is intimately fused into a variety of living environments.

From Dialectical Logic to Ecological Practice: Exploring the Greening of Residential Space Design Curriculum Reforms

刘立涛(Litao LIU), 李晓梅(Xiaomei LI) Korea Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 2025 Journal of Global Arts Studies (JGAS) Vol.3 No.2

[Background] Integrating the dialectics of nature and green ecology into residential space design is crucial for sustainable development. The dialectics of nature, as a scientific methodology, combined with the practical concerns of green ecology, profoundly impacts many fields. Applying these concepts to curriculum reform is vital for nurturing talent, advancing the industry, and fostering the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. [Objective] To integrate natural dialectic thinking and green ecological concepts into residential space design, we'll reform the curriculum, teaching, and practical aspects. The goal is to cultivate students' problem-solving abilities using dialectical thinking and enhance their awareness and skills in green ecological design. [Methods] Utilizing a Marxist view of nature, this research employs a multi-method approach: literature review to establish the theoretical framework, case studies to deconstruct practical applications, and practice-based research to identify industry needs and current teaching practices. [Results] The reform of green eco-concept curriculum enhances students' eco-design ability, and verifies the effectiveness of teaching transformation driven by natural dialectic thinking. [Conclusion] The natural dialectic provides methodological support for the curriculum, constructs an organic integration mechanism of ‘theoretical cognition - technical practice - dialectical reflection’, and supports the cultivation of sustainable design talents with scientific rationality and philosophical discursive ability. 【背景】在全球可持续发展的背景下,自然辩证法和绿色生态理念对多个领域产生深远影响。住宅空间设计思维需要跟随时代,来适应当前绿色生态可持续发展理念。自然辩证法是科学的方法论,绿色生态理念则是对应环境生存问题。将这两种理念融入课程改革中,对于培养人才、推动行业发展以及促进人与自然的和谐共生具有重要的意义。 【目的】探讨自然辩证法思维与绿色生态理念在住宅空间设计课程中的有效整合路径。通过改革课程体系、教学方法和实践环节等多个方面,旨在培养学生运用自然辩证法思维分析和解决问题的能力,并在住宅空间设计过程中强化绿色生态理念的意识和实践技能。 【方法】基于马克思主义自然观,运用文献研究法梳理理论,案例分析法解构实践案例,实践调研法获取行业需求与教学现状。 【结果】绿色生态理念课程改革提升了学生的生态设计能力,验证了自然辩证法思维驱动教学转型的有效性。 【结论】自然辩证法为课程提供方法论支持,构建了“理论认知-技术实践-辩证反思”的有机融合机制,为培养具备科学理性和哲学思辨能力的可持续发展设计人才提供支持。

도쿄 골목공간의 그린시퀀스 조사연구

민문희(Min, Moon-Hee),서귀숙(Sus, Kuee-Sook) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.1

A This Study is about the characteristics of alley space in the urban residential area and old commercial area of Tokyo. The Alley Space plays an mediating role to connect the main space and the sub space in the urban, and also it provides a place to form community with nature. Especially, the alley space could expand urban space networking as that gives freely choice to choose pathway in the urban. The Alley Space has a restful effect and Inducing experiences that the space allows to the world.

도시공원녹지의 생태성 및 기후변화 대응성 평가 기초 연구

성현찬 ( Hyun Chan Sung ),황소영 ( So Young Hwang ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Problems in regard of ecological stability of urban ecosystem ensue from climate change and urbanization. Particularly, urban ecological conditions are deteriorating both quantitatively and qualitatively to a great extent. The present study aims to assess the current condition of selected sites (i. e. urban green zones and parks) in terms of preset assessment components; to find out problems and relevant solutions to improve the quality and quantity of parks and green zones; and ultimately to suggest some measures applicable to coping with climate change as well as to securing the ecological attributes of urban green zones and parks. According to the findings of this study, from quantitative perspectives, ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change are high on account of the large natural-soil area(80%). By contrast, from qualitative perspectives including the planting structure (1 layer: 47%), the percentage of bush area(17%), the connectivity with surrounding green zones (independent types: 44%), the wind paths considered (5.6%), the tree species with high carbon absorption rates (20%), water cycles (17%), energy (8%) and carbon storage capacities(61%), ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change were found very low. These findings suggest that the ecological values of urban parks and green zones should be improved in the future by conserving their original forms, securing natural-soil grounds and employing multi-layered planting structures and water bodies, and that responsiveness to climate change should be enhanced by planting tree species with high carbon storage capacities and obtaining detention ponds. In sum, robust efforts should be exerted in the initial planning stages, and sustained, to apply the methodology of green-zone development along with securing ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change.

대구광역시 공원형 녹지의 기능적 특성을 고려한 종합 평가

이우성 ( Woo Sung Lee ) 한국지리정보학회 2016 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to assess the green space considering functional characteristics in order to provide the base data for efficient green planning and management. The study area was the park-type green spaces in Daegu and the functions were limited in nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage functions. Thirteen indicators were selected from the literature review and MCB analysis of expert survey. The weightings of functional indicators were established through AHP analysis of expert survey. According to the results of functional assessment, Naengcheon amusement, Deagu sports, and Dalchang amusement parks had scores of more than 80 in the case of nature-ecological function. Fifteen parks such as Bokhyeon, Manchon, and Cheonnae parks had scores of more than 75 in terms of environment-control function and eleven parks such as Suseong, Dalseong, and Wolbae parks had scores of more than 80 in usage function. The findings from this study can be used as the base data and guideline for construction of new park-type green space and continuous management and remodeling of current green space.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions of Urban Green Space: A Review of Chinese and International Research Hotspots

Yu Wen(Yu Wen),Nan Zhang(Nan Zhang),Yiyuan Zhang(Yiyuan Zhang) Korea Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 2024 PROCEEDINGS of the International Conference on Cul Vol.1 No.-

By analyzing 338 Chinese and English papers on “urban green spaces for disaster prevention”, it was found that Chinese research focuses on macro planning of disaster prevention spaces, while international studies emphasize green infrastructure and nature-based solutions. Future research should focus on evaluation and emergency facilities.

우리나라 중소도시의 녹지보전과 녹화추진 방안 - "지방의제 21' 실천을 중심으로 -

박미호,이명우 한국조경학회 2002 한국조경학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to propose directions for urban greening and nature conservation in small-to-medium-sized cities in Korea for implementation of the Local Agenda 21 (LA 21 hereafter). In this paper, the status of implementation of the LA 21 in both Korea and Japan have been examined. In addition, the green-related plans of both countries have been compared. The cities of Jeonju and Sagamihara were chosen as examples to compare. The result of the research is as follows: 1)With regard to the responsible bodies, in Korea, the implementing plans were initiated by the environment-related authorities of local governments while, in Japan, the plans of action were initiated through consultative committees reflecting opinions from citizens and business entities. 2)Concerning the status of implementation of LA 21, the city of Jeonju has adopted a plan of action and then implemented the plan through a consultative body without adequate legal ground. On the other hand, the city of Sagamihara has enacted a local ordinance to implement the LA 21 It was learned that the newly enacted ordinance has positively been interrelated to existing environmental plans. 3)Regarding urban greening and nature conservation plans, the city of Jeonju has focused on comprehensive measures to preserve and restore ecology while the city of Sagamihara has clearly suggested educational purposes in its plans in addition to preserving and restoring ecology. 4)In terms of support by law or legal system concerned, it has been teamed that, compared with Japan, Korean plans have not been properly supported by law or the legal system to urban greening and nature conservation plans. The same was shown in the city of Jeonju as compared with the city of Sagamihara. As for future directions, the follow are proposed: 1) establishment of a local Committee on Sustainable Development, 2) enactment of relevant and regulations such as the Master Plan of Parks and Green Open paces, 3) establishment of ecological greening plans.