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Shin, Young Min,Shin, Dong Hyeop,Kim, Ji Hye,Ahn, Byung Tae Elsevier 2011 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.11 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Na doping in CIGS film is one of the most crucial factors that affects the performance of CIGS solar cells. However, the role of Na doping is not yet well understood. In this study, in order to find an effective Na doping method, Na was doped into CIGS film using Na<SUB>2</SUB>S precursor at three different points in the three-stage co-evaporation and its effect on CIGS film was investigated. The microstructures, Na doping profiles and bonding states were examined using scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the external sodium doping with Na<SUB>2</SUB>S changed the microstructure and the Na doping profile. The performance of a CIGS solar cell with the external Na doping on Mo/Corning glass was worse than that of a conventional CIGS solar cell fabrication. The best performance achieved by means of Na external doping was 14.2% efficiency, which was achieved when Na was doped by depositing a Na<SUB>2</SUB>S precursor layer on a Mo metal layer.</P>
Vagif Nevruzoglu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.7
Un-doped and Na doped CdS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition method. The effects of Na doping onstructural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films and n-CdS/p-Si heterojunction were investigated. Crystalstructure of all CdS thin films was cubic with (111) preferred direction. High Na doping detoriated crystal structure andamorphous structure obtained for 3% Na doping. The grain size of thin films was decreased from 6.5 nm to 4.8 nm and surfacehomogeneity increased with Na doping. All samples had high band gap for CdS (2.42 eV) due to quantum size effect and bandgap of the samples was increased 3.65 eV to 3.84 eV as a function of Na content. Na doped CdS samples had higher resistivityand carrier concentration than that of un-doped CdS. Ideality factors of Na doped n-CdS/p-Si heterojunctions were greaterthan unity due to nanostructered CdS, which indicates that the diode exhibits a nonideal behavior. It was determined thatphotovoltaic behavior of n-CdS/p-Si prepared with high Na doped CdS dependent on different semiconductor structure (suchas depend on function of Na2SiO3 phase) occurred interface of CdS and Si.
Mo 기판위의 NaF 중간층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 광흡수층의 Na 도핑특성에 관한 연구
박태정,신동협,안병태,윤재호,Park, Tae-Jung,Shin, Dong-Hyeop,Ahn, Byung-Tae,Yun, Jae-Ho 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.8
In high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ solar cells, Na is doped into a Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ light-absorbing layer from sodalime-glass substrate through Mo back-contact layer, resulting in an increase of device performance. However, this supply of sodium is limited when the process temperature is too low or when a substrate does not supply Na. This limitation can be overcome by supplying Na through external doping. For Na doping, an NaF interlayer was deposited on Mo/glass substrate. A Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ absorber layer was deposited on the NaF interlayer by a three-stage co-evaporation process As the thickness of NaF interlayer increased, smaller grain sizes were obtained. The resistivity of the NaF-doped CIGS film was of the order of $10^3{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ indicating that doping was not very effective. However, highest conversion efficiency of 14.2% was obtained when the NaF thickness was 25 nm, suggesting that Na doping using an NaF interlayer is one of the possible methods for external doping.
Doping effect on the adsorption of Na atom onto graphenes
Li-Hua Yao,Wen-Qiang Cao,Mao-Sheng Cao 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.5
We investigate the adsorption of Na atoms on pristine graphene and four types of defect graphenes using the first-principles calculations. The adsorption energies, electronic structures, Na storage capacities and the average potentials of Na atoms on different graphenes are calculated. The adsorption energies of Na atoms on B-doped, vacancy and B-doped vacancy graphenes are 1.93 eV, 2.46 eV, and 2.08 eV, respectively, which are much lower than that of Na on the pristine graphene (0.71 eV) and Na on Ndoped graphene (0.27 eV). The orbital hybridizations in the B-doped, vacancy and B-doped vacancy graphenes can be observed from the partial density of states, while there is no obvious orbital hybridization in the N-doped graphene as well as the pristine graphene. The B-doped vacancy graphene has the best Na storage capacity, while B-doped and vacancy graphenes also possess better Na storage capacities than those of the pristine graphene and N-doped graphene. This work demonstrates that the graphene introducing both B dopant and vacancy is expected to be a potential material for storing Na.
Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
Na<sub>2</sub>S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
가시광 활성을 위한 N-doped Na2Ti6O13@TiO2 복합체 제조 및 특성 연구
이덕희,박경수 한국분말재료학회 2022 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.29 No.6
N-doped Na2Ti6O13@TiO2 (denoted as N-NTO@TiO2) composites are successfully synthesized using a simple two-step process: 1) ball-milling of TiO2 with Na2CO3 followed by heat treatment at 900oC; 2) mixing of the prepared Na2Ti6O13 with titanium isopropoxide and calcining with urea at 500oC. The prepared composites are characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and BET. The N-NTO@TiO2 composites exhibit well-defined crystalline and anatase TiO2 with exposed {101} facets on the external surface. Moreover, dopant N atoms are uniformly distributed over a relatively large area in the lattice of the composites. Under visible light irradiation, ~51% of the aqueous methylene blue is photodegraded by N-NTO@TiO2 composites, which is higher than the values shown by other samples because of the coupling effects of the hybridization of NTO and TiO2, N-doping, and presence of anatase TiO2 with exposed {101} facets.
Kumar Yedluri Anil,KULURUMOTLAKATLADASHAKUMAR,Park Il-Kyu 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12
Novel structured Na-doped MoS2 nanosheets were developed in situ on Ni foam through a more accessible two-step hydrothermal technique. Benefiting from the synergistic reactions of the superior capacitance of Na-doped MoS2 nanosheet, the superior electrical kinetics of Na-doped, and the porous nanostructure of the composites, the designed Na-doped MoS2 nanosheet composites electrode achieves notable electrochemical activity. The material’s structural properties investigate using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscope analyzer, X-ray powder diffractions, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The electrochemical activity of the designed electrodes was executed using cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharges, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared to the pure MoS2 electrode, the novel architecture Na-doped MoS2 nanosheet deremonstrates a higher specific capacity of 374.3 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. In addition, it achieves notable cycling stability performance and retains 87.4% capacity over 5,000 long cycles at 3 A g−1. These notable results reveal that the uniquely designed Na-doped MoS2 nanosheet displays superior electrochemical consequences and higher potential as nanomaterials for supercapacitors.
Na 도핑된 ZnTe 후면전극을 이용한 CdTe 태양전지의 안정성 개선에 관한 연구
차은석(Eun Seok Cha),박규찬(Kyu Charn Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2015 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.3 No.1
Cu doping by copper or Cu₂Te materials enhances p+ formation in CdTe near the back contact interface, allowing better formation of ohmic contact. However, the Cu in CdTe junction is also considered as a principal component of CdTe cell degradation. In this paper, Na-doped ZnTe layer was employed as a back contact material to improve the stability of CdTe solar cells. As a process variable, post CdCl₂ treatment of CdS/CdTe film was conducted before or after depositing ZnTe:Na on CdTe. The change of the photovoltaic properties of CdTe cells were investigated with aging time. Low-temperature photoluminescence analysis was conducted to describe the degradation mechanism. The result showed that the CdTe solar cells with better stability compare to Cu contact were achieved using an optimized ZnTe:Na back contact.