버섯산업의 과제와 발전방향

이영석,서건식,Lee, Young-Seok,Seo, Geon-Sik 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.4

The supply and demand of mushrooms has increased dramatically as the standard of living has increased and the nutritional and medical value of the mushrooms has been discovered. However, in meeting the demand, the profitability of the mushroom is being reduced. Even though there are many different types of and uses for mushrooms, the overall output production for the last ten years has consistently increased 5.9% per year, and for the last five years('00~'04) 5.2 % per year, and for the last 3 years('02~'04) 2.9% per year- the rate of increase has slowed. Looking at the standard gross income from mushroom production, it has increased 5.2% over the last nine years('95~'03), 1.6% over the last 4 years('00~'03), and 3.2% over the last 3 years('02~'04)-the annual gross income is decreasing. Even though the farmers are producing more mushrooms, the annual gross income is not increasing enough to keep up with the production, and therefore the profitability of mushrooms is decreasing. Since 2002, the constant increase of the output of edible mushrooms such as the Common Mushroom, Oyster Mushroom, King Oyster Mushroom and Winter Mushroom has resulted in a price declines. Before 2004, Korea mainly exported mushrooms, but after 2004 Korea mainly imported mushrooms. The mushroom industry of Korea is nearing the end of the stage of 'supplying domestic demand.' The stages are as follows: demand raised ${\rightarrow}$ supply domestic demand ${\rightarrow}$ export ${\rightarrow}$ country with developed mushroom industry. Therefore, we should have an efficient system to promote the exportation of mushrooms. Not only the exportation of mushroom itself but also the exportation of mushroom spawn, cultivation techniques and processing facilities should be our goal when we formulate the policy.

Current prospects of mushroom production and industrial growth in India

Raman, Jegadeesh,Lee, Seul-Ki,Im, Ji-Hoon,Oh, Min-Ji,Oh, Youn-Lee,Jang, Kab-Yeul The Korean Society of Mushroom Science 2018 한국버섯학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The global mushroom industry has grown rapidly in recent years in terms of beneficial effects, market value, and demand. India has a wide range of agro-climatic conditions and is largely an agricultural country with a cultivated area of about 4.37 %, generating about 620 million tons of agro waste annually. Mushroom cultivation not only helps recycle agro wastes, but also fills the nutritional gap prevalent among a large population of India. Recently, government industrial policy and creative innovation has promoted research and other endeavors aiming towards the cultivation of mushrooms. Mushroom cultivation in India was initiated in Solan, in the mid-sixties. Mushroom cultivation has been successful in temperate regions of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and the hills of northeast India. Recently, many unemployed people have begun to adopt mushroom cultivation as a means of self-employment. It is high time that Indian mushroom cultivators and consumers became aware of the nutritional and medicinal values of cultivated and wild species of mushrooms. The total mushroom production in India between 2010 and 2017 was approximately 0.13 million tons, accounting for a 4.3% increase in the average growth rate of mushrooms per annum. In particular, the total production of white button mushrooms is the highest, with a share of about 73% of total mushroom production. In this review article, we have analyzed the current scenario of the Indian mushroom industry and its contribution to the economic growth of the country.

Current prospects of mushroom production and industrial growth in India

Jegadeesh Raman,이슬기,임지훈,오민지,오연이,장갑열 한국버섯학회 2018 한국버섯학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The global mushroom industry has grown rapidly in recent years in terms of beneficial effects, market value, and demand. India has a wide range of agro-climatic conditions and is largely an agricultural country with a cultivated area of about 4.37 %, generating about 620 million tons of agro waste annually. Mushroom cultivation not only helps recycle agro wastes, but also fills the nutritional gap prevalent among a large population of India. Recently, government industrial policy and creative innovation has promoted research and other endeavors aiming towards the cultivation of mushrooms. Mushroom cultivation in India was initiated in Solan, in the mid-sixties. Mushroom cultivation has been successful in temperate regions of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and the hills of northeast India. Recently, many unemployed people have begun to adopt mushroom cultivation as a means of self-employment. It is high time that Indian mushroom cultivators and consumers became aware of the nutritional and medicinal values of cultivated and wild species of mushrooms. The total mushroom production in India between 2010 and 2017 was approximately 0.13 million tons, accounting for a 4.3% increase in the average growth rate of mushrooms per annum. In particular, the total production of white button mushrooms is the highest, with a share of about 73% of total mushroom production. In this review article, we have analyzed the current scenario of the Indian mushroom industry and its contribution to the economic growth of the country.

버섯 산업의 발달 동향

유영복,오민지,오연이,신평균,장갑열,공원식 한국버섯학회 2016 한국버섯학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Worldwide production of mushrooms has been increasing by 10–20% every year. Recently, Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis have become popular mushroom species for cultivation. In particular, China exceeded 8.7 million tons in 2002, which accounted for 71.5% of total world output. A similar trend was also observed in Korea. Two kinds of mushrooms— Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Seoji—are described in the ancient book 'Samguksagi' (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) during the Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms are also described in more than 17 ancient books during the Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Approximately 200 commercial strains of 38 species of mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. The somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom, ‘Wonhyeongneutari,’ was developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to growers in 1989. Further, the production of mushrooms as food was 199,829 metric tons, valued at 850 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if mushroom factory products are included) in 2015. In Korea, the major cultivated species are P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which account for 90% of the total production. Since mushroom export was initiated in 1960, the export and import of mushrooms have increased in Korea. Technology was developed for liquid spawn production, and automatic cultivation systems led to the reduction of production cost, resulting in the increase in mushroom export. However, some species were imported owing to high production costs for effective cultivation methods. In academia, RDA scientists have conducted mushroom genome projects since 1997. One of the main outcomes is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. With regard to medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods. There are various kinds of beneficial substances in mushrooms; mushroom products, including pharmaceuticals, tonics, healthy beverages, functional biotransformants, and processed foods have also became available on the market. In addition, compost and feed can likewise be made from mushroom substrates after harvest.

버섯산업 발전을 위한 개선과제의 우선순위 분석

염윤미,김선웅,김동환,윤병삼 한국버섯학회 2019 한국버섯학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify sector-wise issues that need to be improved for the overall development of the mushroom industry and to prioritize these tasks based on an analysis of the current state of this industry in Korea. To this end, we classified the domestic mushroom industry into four sectors: production, processing, marketing, and export and distribution, and identified major tasks for the improvement of each of these sectors. A total of eleven issues that could be improved were selected, including three each in the production, marketing, and export and distribution sectors, and two in the processing sector. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to identify the issues in each sector that would need to be handled on a priority basis. A questionnaire-based survey was also conducted to gain relevant insights and suggestions from 32 experts in this industry. The present study is significant because it highlights sector-wise priority areas that could be supported by policies and legal measures for the overall development of the mushroom industry.

버섯과학과 버섯산업의 동향

유영복 외 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.1

세계의 버섯 생산량은 매년 10-20% 증가해 왔으며 다품목화 되어가고 있다. 최근에는 큰느타리, 백령느타리 등이 새로운 품목으로 재배 면적이 증가하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 고려시대 저술한 김부식의 삼국사기(1145년)에 처음으로 금지(영지)와 서지가 기록되었고, 조선시대에는 16종류 이상의 농서 또는 의학서에서 버섯의 이용이 기록되었다. 상업적으로 이용되는 버섯으로는 지금까지 25종의 160품종이 보급되었다. 하지만 품종보호등록은 8품종만이 이루어져 아주 적은 편이다. 버섯산업이 1960년대 수출산업으로 육성되면서 자실체 생산량은 계속 증가해왔다. 2003년에는 181,828톤으로 생산가액 약 8,000억원을 능가할 것으로 추정된다. 버섯의 유효성분이 많이 알려지고 있는데 항균, 항염증, 항종양, 항바이러스, 항세균과 항기생물, 혈압조절, 심장혈관 장애 방지, 콜레스테롤 과소혈증과 지방과다 혈증 방지, 항당뇨, 면역조절, 강신장, 간장독성 보호, 신경섬유 활성화, 생식력 증진의 효과가 있다. 따라서 버섯 의약품, 건강음료, 가공식품, Biotransformation에 의한 신기능성 제품 개발 등이 이루어지고 있다. 또한 버섯은 환경정화 기능이 뛰어나 환경오염 물질의 정화가 가능하며, 버섯재배후 배지를 이용하여 퇴비생산, 가축사료 생산에 이용된다. 한국의 버섯산업은 이미 가장 빨리 성장하는 농업 투자 분야로 되었다. 그러나 버섯산업의 국제 경쟁력 강화를 위하여 국내고유의 품종개발에 의한 품종보호등록이 시급하다. 또한 저렴한 생산기술 개발과 유통구조 개선에 의한 생산량 조절이 이루어져야 버섯산업이 더욱 발전할 수 있을 것이다. World production of mushrooms has been increasing 10-20% every year. Recently, Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis are very popular as new mushroom species for cultivation. Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; 1145) in Koryo-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 16 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty in Korea. One hundred and sixty commercial strains of 25 species in mushrooms were distributed to cultivators. By the way, only 8 varieties of them have registered variety protection. Mushroom industry as important export products developed from 1960 to 1980. Production of mushrooms as food was 181,828 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean won in 2003. Isolated and identified substances from mushrooms are promising antifungal, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antiviral (anti-HIV), antibacterial & antiparasitic, antidiabetic, immunomodulating, kidney tonic, hepatoprotective, nerve tonic, and sexual potentiator. These substances can also be used for blood pressure regulation and effective against cardiovascular disorders, hypocholesterolemia & hyperlipidemia, and chronicbronchitis. Mushroom products including pharmaceuticals, tonics, healthy beverages, functional biotransformants, and processed foods have also became available on the markets. Compost and feed can likewise be made from mushroom substrates after harvest. The mushroom industry is already one of the fastest growing investment sectors in Korea. By the way, there is a need to strain improvement for variety protection, advanced cultivation technology at low cost for growers, and control of demand and supply for marketing in order to more upgrade development of mushroom industry in the future.

버섯과학과 버섯산업의 동향

유영복,공원식,오세종,정종천,장갑열,전창성 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.1

World production of mushrooms has been increasing 10-20% every year. Recently, Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis are very popular as new mushroom species for cultivation. Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; 1145) in Koryo-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 16 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty in Korea. One hundred and sixty commercial strains of 25 species in mushrooms were distributed to cultivators. By the way, only 8 varieties of them have registered variety protection. Mushroom industry as important export products developed from 1960 to 1980. Production of mushrooms as food was 181,828 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean won in 2003. Isolated and identified substances from mushrooms are promising antifungal, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antiviral (anti-HIV), antibacterial & antiparasitic, antidiabetic, immunomodulating, kidney tonic, hepatoprotective, nerve tonic, and sexual potentiator. These substances can also be used for blood pressure regulation and effective against cardiovascular disorders, hypocholesterolemia & hyperlipidemia, and chronicbronchitis. Mushroom products including pharmaceuticals, tonics, healthy beverages, functional biotransformants, and processed foods have also became available on the markets. Compost and feed can likewise be made from mushroom substrates after harvest. The mushroom industry is already one of the fastest growing investment sectors in Korea. By the way, there is a need to strain improvement for variety protection, advanced cultivation technology at low cost for growers, and control of demand and supply for marketing in order to more upgrade development of mushroom industry in the future.

버섯산업에 대한 2008년 국민의식조사

조우식 외 한국버섯학회 2009 한국버섯학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Administration carried out the nation opinion research to mushroom industry in 115 of the citizen and the provincials from 10/17/2008 to 10/18/2008. Which was for both grasping the citizen's opinion and habits and understanding farmers'. The result of the research is the following. 37.4 percent people preferred Lentimus edodes among the all respondents and 27.0 percent preferred Flammulina velutipes. As for the purchasing place, 57.4 percent buy them in large retail stores, 40.9 percent buy them in traditional markets. 67 percent of the respondents mainly use them in fall, 31.3 percent use them in winter. 88.7 percent of them mainly eat the mushrooms at home, 11.3 percent is at restaurants. 63.5 percent of them responded that the price of mushrooms was resonable, 26.1 percent answered that was expensive. In appearance, 27 percent of them chose yellow Flammulina velutipes as a good-looking mushroom, 19.1 percent chose Lentimus edodes. 버섯산업의 활성화 자료를 제공하고, 정책수요를 발굴하기 위해 버섯산업에 대한 국민의식조사를 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 전체 응답자 중 37.4%가 표고, 27.0%가 팽이, 16.5%가 느타리라고 응답한 반면, 6.1%가 영지버섯, 8.7%가 상황버섯이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 대중화된 식용버섯을 식용으로 선호하였다. 나. 57.4%가 대형마트, 40.9%가 재래시장이라고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 백화점, 5.2%가 소매점이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 대부분의 버섯소매유통이 대형마트와 재래시장에서 이뤄지고 있다. 다. 67%가 가을, 31.3%가 겨울이라고 응답한 반면, 20.9%가 봄, 22.6%가 여름이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 가을철에 많은 비중이 소비되지만 봄, 여름철에도 적지 않은 양이 소비되는 것을 알 수 있으며 버섯은 연중 소비되는 농산물로 인식하고 있다. 라. 88.7%가 가정집, 11.3%가 식당이라고 응답한 반면, 1.76%만이 야외라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 가정주부들을 대상으로 한 소규모의 포장기술개발 및 식당에서의 소비촉진을 위한 홍보를 강화할 필요성이 있다고 생각된다. 마. 63.5%가 보통이다, 26.1%가 비싸다고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 매우 비싸다, 4.3%가 싸다, 1.7%가 매우 싸다고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 현재의 버섯가격은 보통이라고 인식하고 있다. 바. 27.0%가 황금팽이, 19.1%가 표고, 16.5%가 영지라고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 만가닥버섯, 7%가 목이버섯, 새송이가 10.4%라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 유색의 버섯을 관상용으로 선호하며, 무채색의 버섯 및 아직 대중화되지 않은 버섯은 관상용으로 선호하지 않음을 알수 있다.

버섯 기능성 물질의 산업화

박기문,Park, Ki Moon 한국버섯학회 2008 한국버섯학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Mushroom is well known for a safe food for a long time and, what is more, has a lot of useful characteristics related on the pharmacological activities. It is expected to be one of the most important functional food due to its diverse bioactive compounds. Especially, medical potentiality on immunomodulator and antitumor continues to be focused. Recent research trend and commercialization of functional healthy food using mushroom and its bioactive compounds will be herein introduced. Industrialization of mushroom functional substances will be also discussed.

버섯산업에 대한 2008년 국민의식조사

조우식,황억금,조두현,최충돈,박소득,정희영 한국버섯학회 2009 한국버섯학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Administration carried out the nation opinion research to mushroom industry in 115 of the citizen and the provincials from 10/17/2008 to 10/18/2008. Which was for both grasping the citizen’s opinion and habits and understanding farmers’. The result of the research is the following. 37.4 percent people preferred Lentimus edodes among the all respondents and 27.0 percent preferred Flammulina velutipes. As for the purchasing place, 57.4 percent buy them in large retail stores, 40.9 percent buy them in traditional markets. 67 percent of the respondents mainly use them in fall, 31.3 percent use them in winter. 88.7 percent of them mainly eat the mushrooms at home, 11.3 percent is at restaurants. 63.5 percent of them responded that the price of mushrooms was resonable, 26.1 percent answered that was expensive. In appearance, 27 percent of them chose yellow Flammulina velutipes as a good-looking mushroom, 19.1 percent chose Lentimus edodes.